Fundamentals of AI covers the basics of AI in healthcare system

Artificial Intelligence
Q: What is Artificial Intelligence?
Answer: Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial + Intelligence, where
Artificial defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI
means "a man-made thinking power."
So, we can define AI as:
"It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which
can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions."
According to the father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy -
“The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent
computer programs”.
Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a
software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.
Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as learning,
reasoning, and solving problems.

Q: Introduction to AI Levels?
Answer:
• Narrow AI: A artificial intelligence is said to be narrow when the machine can perform a
specific task better than a human. The current research of AI is here now
• General AI: An artificial intelligence reaches the general state when it can perform any
intellectual task with the same accuracy level as a human would
• Strong AI: An AI is strong when it can beat humans in many tasks.
Q: Q: Goals of Artificial Intelligence?
Answer: The main goals of Artificial Intelligence is –
• To Create Expert Systems − The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn,
demonstrate, explain, and advice its users.
• To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines − Creating systems that understand,
think, learn, and behave like humans.

Q: Application of Artificial Intelligence?
Answer: There are various fields where used AI-
• Education
• Agriculture
• E-commerce
• Transport
• Healthcare
• Astronomy
• Game
• Finance
• Data Security
• Social Media3Automotive
• Robotics
• Entertainment

1. AI in Astronomy: Artificial Intelligence can be very useful to solve complex universe
problems. AI technology can be helpful for understanding the universe such as how it
works, origin, etc.
2. AI in Healthcare: In the last, five to ten years, AI becoming more advantageous for the
healthcare industry and going to have a significant impact on this industry. Healthcare
Industries are applying AI to make a better and faster diagnosis than humans. AI can
help doctors with diagnoses and can inform when patients are worsening so that
medical help can reach to the patient before hospitalization.
3. AI in Gaming: AI can be used for gaming purpose. The AI machines can play strategic
games like chess, where the machine needs to think of a large number of possible
places.
4. AI in Finance: AI and finance industries are the best matches for each other. The finance
industry is implementing automation, Chabot, adaptive intelligence, algorithm trading,
and machine learning into financial processes.

5. AI in Data Security: The security of data is crucial for every company and cyber-attacks
are growing very rapidly in the digital world. AI can be used to make your data more
safe and secure. Some examples such as AEG bot, AI2 Platform are used to determine
software bug and cyber-attacks in a better way.
6. AI in Social Media: Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat contain
billions of user profiles, which need to be stored and managed in a very efficient way. AI
can organize and manage massive amounts of data. AI can analyze lots of data to
identify the latest trends, hashtag, and requirement of different users.
7. AI in Travel & Transport: AI is becoming highly demanding for travel industries. AI is
capable of doing various travel related works such as from making travel arrangement
to suggesting the hotels, flights, and best routes to the customers. Travel industries are
using AI-powered chatbots which can make human-like interaction with customers for
better and fast response.
8. AI in Automotive Industry: Some Automotive industries are using AI to provide virtual
assistant to their user for better performance. Such as Tesla has introduced TeslaBot, an
intelligent virtual assistant.

9. AI in Robotics: Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics. Usually, general
robots are programmed such that they can perform some repetitive task, but with the
help of AI, we can create intelligent robots which can perform tasks with their own
experiences without pre-programmed. Humanoid Robots are best examples for AI in
robotics, recently the intelligent Humanoid robot named as Erica and Sophia has been
developed which can talk and behave like humans.
10. AI in Entertainment: We are currently using some AI based applications in our daily life
with some entertainment services such as Netflix or Amazon. With the help of ML/AI
algorithms, these services show the recommendations for programs or shows.
11. AI in Agriculture: Agriculture is an area which requires various resources, labor, money,
and time for best result. Now a day's agriculture is becoming digital, and AI is emerging
in this field. Agriculture is applying AI as agriculture robotics, solid and crop monitoring,
predictive analysis. AI in agriculture can be very helpful for farmers.
12. AI in E-commerce: AI is providing a competitive edge to the e-commerce industry, and it
is becoming more demanding in the e-commerce business. AI is helping shoppers to
discover associated products with recommended size, color, or even brand.

Q: Advantages of Artificial Intelligence?
Answer: Following are some main advantages of Artificial Intelligence:
• High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are prone to less errors and
high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.
• High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of
that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.
• High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action
multiple times with high accuracy.
• Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a
bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.
• Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such as
AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products
as per customer requirement.
• Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-driving
car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for security
purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in human-
language, etc.

Q: Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
Answer: Every technology has some disadvantages, and the same goes for Artificial
intelligence. Being so advantageous technology still, it has some disadvantages which we
need to keep in our mind while creating an AI system.
Following are the disadvantages of AI:
• High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots
of maintenance to meet current world requirements.
• Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they
cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are
trained, or programmed.
• No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it
does not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with
human, and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.
• Increase dependency on machines: With the increment of technology, people are
getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities.
• No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but
still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative
and imaginative.

Types of Artificial Intelligence:

AI type-1: Based on Capabilities

Artificial Intelligence type-2: Based on functionality

Reactive Machines
• Purely reactive machines are the most basic types of
Artificial Intelligence.
• Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences
for future actions.
• These machines only focus on current scenarios and react
on it as per possible best action.
• IBM's Deep Blue system is an example of reactive machines.
• Google's AlphaGo is also an example of reactive machines.

Limited Memory
• Self-driving cars are one of
the best examples of Limited
Memory systems. These cars
can store recent speed of
nearby cars, the distance of
other cars, speed limit, and
other information to navigate
the road

Theory of Mind
• Theory of Mind AI should understand the
human emotions, people, beliefs, and be able
to interact socially like humans.
• This type of AI machines are still not developed,
but researchers are making lots of efforts and
improvement for developing such AI machines.

Self-Awareness
• Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial
Intelligence. These machines will be super
intelligent, and will have their own consciousness,
sentiments, and self-awareness.
• These machines will be smarter than human mind.
• Self-Awareness AI does not exist in reality still and it
is a hypothetical concept.

AI Diagnostics
• Various dangerous medical conditions such as strokes, forms
of heart disease, and diabetic retinopathy are difficult to
diagnose accurately and quickly
• Artificial Intelligence is assisting doctors in making more
accurate decisions much quicker and the AI can even make the
diagnosis itself

Healthcare AI Is Disruptive
• The current sustaining innovation is for a
skilled professional to perform a diagnosis
at a high cost and lengthy time
• Will target non-consumers due to the
elimination of unnecessary hospital
procedures and doctor visits

Healthcare AI Is Disruptive
• Faster patient diagnosis will allow for
better patient outcomes
– More accessible to larger population
• Increase in the efficiency of patient
diagnosis will allow for reduced treatment
cost
– More affordable

Fundamentals of AI covers the basics of AI in healthcare system

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