Fundamentals of public speaking
- 1. Marjorie KyomuhendoFUNDAMENTALS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
- 2. AUDIENCE ADAPTATIONPublic speaking is an audience-centered and not speaker-centered activity.Must research, analyze and adapt to your audience.Known to consider the values, beliefs, Interests, needs and knowledge levels of her Audience.
- 3. SUCCEESFUL SPEECH?Did I meet audience member expectations & fulfill their needs?Did I make a contribution to their levels of awareness?Did I influence their attitudes/behaviors?Did have an impact?
- 4. AUDIENCE ANALYSISDemographic profile – age, sex, gender, marital & parental status, ethnicity, culture, income, education & occupation.Beliefs- Taxes too high? Polices unfair? No contraception?Attitudes- clustered beliefsValues- security, freedom, family, equality, social recognitionNeeds- Life’s basic, love, esteem, security, self-actualization
- 5. AUDIENCE ADAPTATION 2Choose a topic and approach.Know how many people will be there.Consider the speaking environment (occasion & place)Recognize your audience (language, compliments, acknowledge their beliefs/attitudes, multiple audiences, knowledge levelsDress appropriatelyBody language, intonation, projection
- 6. SPEECH ETHICSDo not plagiarizeNever misleadPrepare wellUse sound reasoningTell the whole storyRespect yourselfRespect your audience (Don't speak down to them, avoid racial slurs, ethnic jokes, and other potentially offensive content.)Consider the consequence
- 7. SPEECH ANXIETYCAUSESUnfamiliar situationsEvaluation situationFormal situationsOn-native languageWhen others have high expectations of our performanceWhen we set high personal standardsPast failureWhere we are ignore
- 8. COPING WITH ANXIETYBeforeSelect a subject with which you are comfortablePrepare thoroughly in advanceDon’t try to memorize the entire speech’Find out who will be present at the speechPractice/RehearseFamiliarize yourself with equipment and physical arrangements
- 9. COPING WITH ANXIETY 2During the speechDress appropriately and comfortablyRelax your body and voice – deep breath, sit straight.Concentrate on what you are saying not howEliminate distractionsDrink some waterUse visual aidsConcentrate on audience than selfDon’t verbalize your anxietyTell a story
- 10. ORGANISATION OF SPEECHESChoose a themeDecide the purposeFrame a thesis statement – single sentence that expresses the main point of your speech.Identifying and ordering major pointsDevelop an outline- subheadings, outline, indent, highlightTime the speechStrategies- attention-getting, conversational language, references, examples, questions to audience, quotations, linguistic , humor, gimmicks (tear note)
- 11. ORGANISATION OF SPEECHES 28. Use visual aids9. Transitions &Signposts = First, next, third point, finally, however, next, we will look for solutions10. Conclusion- summary of major points, shouldn’t be too lengthy, should not introduce new material, should provide closure.