G eography and religion of Mainland Asia

 Formerly known as Dutch East Indies (Netherlands East Indies)
 Used as early as 1884 (German Geographer)
 Greek indos and nesos
 Western Guinea (part of Indonesia)
 Thousands of volcanic islands
 Beaches, volcanoes, elephants, tigers and
Komodo dragons
 Hot climate
Komodo dragons are the
heaviest lizards on Earth.

Archipelago
17,500 islands (7,000 inhabited)
Most populated country in Southeast Asia
4th largest Asian country
4th most populated country in the World

Population:
225,708,785 (2015 est.)
Land Area:
1.919 sq. km.
Dimensions:
East to West - 3,200 miles (5,100 km)
North to South – 1,100 miles (1,800 km)

Rice, Palm Oil, Cassava, Petroleum,
Coffee, Coconuts, Corn, Rubber, Sugar
Cane, Peanuts, Natural Gas, Plywood,
Textiles, Clothing, Ebony, Teak

Manufacturing
Mining
Construction

Sumatra
Java
Bali
Celebes (Sulawesi)
Borneo

Islam (most dominant)
 88%
 Java and Sumatra
 12th century – arrival of Muslim traders from
India
 Between 12th and 15th centuries
 Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan

Christianity
 Two main Christian divisions: Protestantism and Roman
Catholicism
Protestantism
 16th century (Dutch East Indies Colonization)
Roman Catholicism
 Portuguese arrival
 Spice trading

Hinduism
 earliest religion in Indonesia
 1st century
 Agama Hindu Dharma
 No caste system
 Local and ancestral spirits instead of rebirth and
reincarnation
 Art and ritual instead of scriptures, laws and beliefs

Buddhism
 second oldest religion
 6th century

At Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering
Thailand and northern onethird
of the island of Borneo, bordering
Indonesia, Brunei, and the South
China Sea, south of Vietnam
CAPITAL

Land Use
Climate
Tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to
February) monsoon
a) agricultural land: 23.2%
b) arable land 2.9%; permanent crops 19.4%; permanent
pasture 0.9%
c) forest: 62%
d) other: 14.8% (2011 est.)

People of Asia
Ethnic groups:
Malay 50.1%,
Chinese 22.6%,
indigenous 11.8%,
Indian 6.7%,
other 0.7%,
non-citizens 8.2% (2010 est.)

Islam
- 61.3% of the country
- Arab traders sailed to the
Malay archipelago as early as
the seventh century.
Buddhism
- 20% of the country
- Chinese Influence
- Nirvana
Hinduism
- 6.3% of the country
- Indian Influence
- Shaivite tradition

rubber, tin, palm oil, tropical
hardwoods, cocoa, and pepper.
petroleum, natural gas, and
manufactured items, especially
electronics and semiconductors
Peninsula Malaysia - rubber and oil
palm processing and manufacturing,
petroleum and natural gas, light
manufacturing, pharmaceuticals,
medical technology, electronics and
semiconductors, timber processing;
Sabah - logging,
petroleum and natural
gas production

 Lies at the tip of the Malay
Peninsula
 Borders Malaysia, Indonesia,
and Brunei
 Area: 248 square miles
(642 square kilometers)
 Consists of the diamond-shaped
Singapore
 Island and some 60 small islets
 Like Vatican City, a Citystate)

Population: 3 Million (2.7
Million: Citizens and
permanent residents,
300,000: Foreign workers)
Chinese: 78 %
Malays: 14 %
Indians: 7 %
Others: 1 %

 One of the most religious countries in the world
 Major religions:
Islam (Malay)
Hinduism (Indians)
Buddhism (Chinese)
Taoism (Chinese)
Folk religion (Chinese)

 Top 10 Exports:
1. Electronic equipment: US$124.9 billion (30.5% of total
exports)
2. Oil: $68.7 billion (16.8%)
3. Machines, engines, pumps: $54 billion (13.2%)
4. Organic chemicals: $18.3 billion (4.5%)
5. Plastics: $16.4 billion (4%)
6. Medical, technical equipment: $15.9 billion (3.9%)
7. Gems, precious metals, coins: $8.2 billion (2%)
8. Pharmaceuticals: $7.1 billion (1.7%)
9. Aircraft, spacecraft: $5.8 billion (1.4%)
10. Books, newspapers, pictures: $5.7 billion (1.4%)

Economy is liberalized
Major Industries:
1. Construction
2. Banking and Finance
3. Tourism
4. Biomedical Sciences

•Southeastern
Asia, archipelago
between the
Philippine Sea and
the South China
Sea, east of
Vietnam

 Climate Tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April);
southwest monsoon (May to October)
 Land Use a.) agricultural land: 41% b.) arable land 18.2%; permanent
crops 17.8%; permanent pasture 5% c.) forest: 25.9% d.) other: 33.1%
(2011 est.)

Ethnic groups:
 Tagalog 28.1%,
 Cebuano 13.1%,
 Ilocano 9%,
 Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%,
 Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%,
 Bikol 6%,
 Waray 3.4%,
 other 25.3% (200 0 census)
Languages: Filipino (official;
based on Tagalog) and
English (official); eight major
dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano,
Ilocano, Hiligaynon or
Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray,
Pampango, and Pangasinan

 Religions: Catholic 82.9%
 (Roman Catholic 80.9%
 Aglipayan 2%),
 Muslim 5%,
 Evangelical 2.8%,
 Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%,
 other Christian 4.5%,
 other 1.8%,
 unspecified 0.6%,
 none 0.1% (2000 census)

Southeastern Asia, along the northern coast of the
island of Borneo, bordering the South China Sea and
Malaysia
Population:
429,646 (July 2015 est.
Land Area:
5,265sq km

Climate :Tropical;
hot, humid, rainy
Land Use
a) agricultural land: 2.5%
b) b) arable land 0.8%;
permanent crops 1.1%;
permanent pasture 0.6%
a) c) forest: 71.8%
b) d) other: 25.7% (2011 est.)

 Ethnic groups: Malay 65.7%, Chinese 10.3%, other indigenous 3.4%,
other 20.6% (2011 est.)
Languages: Malay (official), English, Chinese
dialects

Muslim (official) 78.8%,
 Christian 8.7%,
Buddhist 7.8%, o
ther (includes indigenous beliefs)
4.7% (2011 est.)

 rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens,
water buffalo, cattle, goats, eggs
petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas,
construction, agriculture, transportation

Indonesia. (2015, May 12). Encyclopedia Britannica,
Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia#toc2283
Indonesia. Encyclopedia of the Nations,
Retrieved from: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-
Oceania/Indonesia.html
Indonesia. (1997) The World Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 10, pgs. 226-237. USA: World
Book Inc.
Religion in Indonesia. (2008, December 13). New World Encyclopedia,
Retrieved from:
http://newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Religion_in_Indonesia&oldid
=878306

 Mark Mcginley, September 18th, 2011 http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152952/
 Fatland,K. (August 2, 2013) Malaysia’s three main religions
Retrived from: http://www.expatgomalaysia.com/2013/08/02/malaysias-three-main-religion
Shimonski, J. (2009) the geography and history of malaysia Retrived from:
http://www.malaysiaflora.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4:the-
geography-and-brief-history-of-malaysia&catid=8&Itemid=104
 http://www.britannica.com/place/Kuala-Lumpur
 Gale, T. (2007) Malaysia
Retrived from: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Malaysia.aspx

References:
Workman, D. (2015). Singapore’s Top 10 Exports, Retrieved from:
http://www.worldstopexports.com/singapores-top-exports/2592.
Rogger, B. (2011). Singapore, Retrieved from: http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-
Th/Singapore.html.
Singapore. (2011). New World Encyclopedia, Retrieved from:
http://www.factmonster.com/country/singapore.html.
Kennard, A. (2014). Singapore, Retrieved from:
http://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore#toc52614.

G eography and religion of Mainland Asia

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