![UNIT CELL [DOUBLE ‘S’]
52](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/metamaterialbysashi1-161219075547/85/gain-directivity-enhancement-of-patch-antenna-using-metamaterial-52-320.jpg)
gain & directivity enhancement of patch antenna using metamaterial
- 1. USING METAMATERIALS GAIN AND DIRECTIVITY ENHANCEMENT IN PATCH ANTENNA
- 2. OUR TEAM Pawan Bharti Raunak Kumar Ritesh Kumar Shashi Shekhar Vishal Agrawal PROJECT GUIDE Dr. ANJU PRADEEP 2
- 3. ● Metamaterials ● Reference Papers ● Simulations OVERVIEW 3
- 5. Metamaterial is an arrangement of periodic structures of unit cells in which the average size of a unit cell should be much smaller than the impulsive wavelength of the light. 5
- 6. It was seen that wave propagation in metamaterial was in opposite direction than the naturally occurring materials. Materials with negative permittivity such as ferroelectrics were available in nature but materials with negative permeability did not exist in nature. 6
- 7. For simultaneous change of sign of permittivity and permeability, the direction of energy flow is not affected.. For left-handed system, n is negative, thus the phase velocity is negative. Hence the direction of energy flow and the wave will be opposite resulting in backward wave propagation 7
- 8. For right handed system, n is positive, thus the phase velocity will be positive. Therefore, energy and wave will travel in same direction resulting in forward wave propagation 8
- 9. Classified on the basis of Permittivity and Permeability 9
- 10. Artificial Dielectrics Artificial dielectrics are the structures having negative permittivity but positive permeability. An array of cylinders displays negative permittivity below plasma frequency 10
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- 12. Artificial Magnetics Artificial magnetics are the structures having negative permeability but positive permittivity. Artificial magnetics exhibits negative permeability below plasma frequency. 12
- 13. Negative-Index Material The materials with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability are called Negative-index materials (NIM). These are also called left handed materials. The combination of alternating layers of thin metallic wires and circular split rings, Omega shaped, S shaped structures , Double H shaped structures etc. exhibits negative index of refraction. 13
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- 15. The combination of alternating layers of thin metallic wires and circular split rings, Omega shaped , S shaped structures etc. exhibits negative index of refraction. 15
- 16. NZIM Near Zero Index Material CATEGORY epsilon-near-zero and mu-very-large media mu-near-zero (MNZ) & epsilon-very-large (EVL) media double-zero media (DZR) 16
- 17. SNELL’S LAW 17
- 18. Reference Paper 1 Gain Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna using Near-zero Index Metamaterial (NZIM) Lens Hemant Suthar Debdeep Sarkar Kushmanda Saurav Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava 18
- 19. Reference Patch Antenna Schematic diagram of coax fed microstrip patch antenna: (a) Top view. (b) Side view; Lp= 16.5 mm, W p= 12.6 mm, Ls= 60 mm, Ws= 50mm, Coaxial Feed Operation Frequency 5.2 Ghz Impedance bandwidth of 4.25% (5.08 GHz - 5.3 GHz) Peak realized gain of 5.6 dBi. 19
- 20. Unit Cell NZIM unit cell: (a) Top surface, (b) Bottom surface; ax= ay=4.5 mm, L1 = 4.2 mm, L2 = 1.725 mm, L3 = 1.2 mm W1 = 4.3 mm, W2 = 3.5 mm, W = 0.25 mm. Structure printed on both sides Substrate FR4 thickness 0.8mm It’s a NZIM near zero index material Enhances the gain of the reference antenna 7.65dB 20
- 21. Patch antenna with NZIM superstrate Height of superstrate = 35 mm 21
- 22. Extracted real and imaginary part of refractive index for the proposed NZIM unit cell |S11| v/s frequency for the reference patch antenna and proposed antenna with single layer NZIML. (b) Gain v/s frequency 22
- 23. Extracted real and imaginary part of permittivity and permeability for the proposed NZIM unit cell Simulated radiation pattern of reference patch antenna and patch antenna loaded with single layer NZIML (a) E-plane. (b) H-plane. 23
- 24. Reference Paper 2 A Compact Gain Enhancement Patch Antenna Based On NZIM Superstrate. Jinxin li Tayab A Qingsheng Zeng 24
- 25. Reference Patch Antenna Schematic diagram of coax fed microstrip patch antenna: Top view and side view ; L= 59.7 mm, W = 39.8 mm, Ls= 150mm, Ws=150mm, hs=12mm. Coaxial Feed Operation Frequency 2.44 Ghz Impedance bandwidth of 3.25% (2.42 GHz - 2.46 GHz) Peak realized gain of 2.3 dBi. 25
- 26. ● This structure is designed to act as near zero refractive index metamaterial at 2.44 GHz ● Superstrate diagram ● Unit cell diagram NZIM UNIT CELL DESIGN 26
- 27. STRUCTURE UNIT CELL AND SUPERSTRATE Unit-cell dimension of unit cell: ● a= 140mm, b= 105mm ● Length of each side of unit cell is 35mm. ● The thickness of layer is 1.575 mm. ● Substrate is RT/duroid 5880 (εr= 2.2). 27
- 28. Patch Antenna Based On NZIM Superstrate • Compact high-gain patch antenna based on near-zero index metamaterial (NZIM) superstrate lens operating at 2.44 GHz is proposed. • A single layer NZIM superstrate with unit-cell periodicity of 3 × 4 is designed and suspended above a patch antenna at a very close distance of 0.097 λ. • The proposed single layer NZIM superstrate provides a gain enhancement of 2.3 dB at 2.44 GHz to a conventional patch antenna. 28
- 29. Refractive index enhancement respect to the frequency. 29
- 30. ● Simulation results show that the NZIM superstrate could converge the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna to enhance the radiation gain 30
- 31. Reference Paper 3 Microstrip Antenna Gain Enhancement by Metamaterial Radome with More Subwavelength Holes Kai-Shyung Chen, Ken-Huang Lin, Hsin-Lung Su 31
- 32. JERUSALEM CROSS STRUCTURE UNIT CELL •This structure is designed to act as near zero refractive index metamaterial at 3.5 GHz. •Unit cell diagram: 32
- 33. JERUSALEM CROSS STRUCTURE UNIT CELL Unit-cell dimension of Jerusalem unit cell: • a = 23 mm, b = 20 mm, c = 19 mm, •d = 1mm. The thickness of each layer is 0.8 mm. •Substrate is FR4 (εr= 4.4). •the separation between each layer is 1.6mm. 33
- 34. JERUSALEM CROSS STRUCTURE UNIT CELL •Oprerating mechanism: 34
- 35. JERUSALEM CROSS STRUCTURE UNIT CELL •A large number of positive and negative charges assemble in the ends of the metal strip. •it would cause the E-field that is distributed as shown in Figure. •E-field distribution phenomenon would form a vortex to collect the electromagnetic wave and collimate the electromagnetic wave passing through this subwavelength hole 35
- 36. JERUSALEM CROSS STRUCTURE UNIT CELL Refractive index enhancement respect to the frequency 36
- 37. PATCH ANTENNA PATCH ANTENNA DIMENSION: 19.6mm*19.6mm Thickness of substrate=1.6mm Ground plane =69mm*69mm Operating frequency=3.5GHz Peak gain of patch antenna =4.39DBi 37
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- 39. JERUSALEM CROSS STRUCTURE UNIT CELL Gain and directivity enhancement of the patch antenna using The Jerusalem structure metamaterial radome which has 9 holes and 4 holes. 39
- 40. Reference Paper 4 BROADSIDE GAIN AND BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USING A MNZ- METASURFACE KWOK L. CHUNG SARAWUTH CHAIMOOL 40
- 41. Unit-cell and 4 4 cells (p = 20, L1 = 18, L2 = 16, d = 1, unit: mm) UNIT CELL 41
- 42. Side view of the metasurfaced patch antenna (h1 = 1.6, h2 = 6.0, h3 = 0.8, unit: mm, FR4: P1 = P3 = 4.2) and top view of the patch only (L = 28, W = 29, unit: mm) Side View 42
- 43. Photograph of the source patch and the MNZ- metasurface. 43
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- 47. SIMULATIONS 47
- 48. PATCH ANTENNA 48
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- 52. UNIT CELL [DOUBLE ‘S’] 52
- 53. S21 parameter 53
- 54. S11 parameter 54
- 55. Thank you !! 55
Editor's Notes
- #7: Pendry showed that the negative permittivity could be achieved by aligning metallic wires along the direction of a wave whereas negative permeability by placing split ring with its axis along the direction of propagation of wave.
- #18: If a source is embedded in a substrate with zero index of refraction, then according to Snell's law, the exiting ray from substrate will be very close normal to the surface. Then, all the refracted rays will be in almost the same direction around the normal.
- #21: Through proper control of design parameters the near-zero index frequency region can be matched to the resonant frequency band of antenna 7*7 unit cell,
- #22: H is approximately λ0/2, where λ0 is the operating wavelength of the MPA.
- #23: Both results are after simulations after nzim peak gain is 7.65 dBi Without it was 5.6dbiand if we use double layer it will come 8.26dbi
- #24: Both results are after simulations after nzim peak gain is 7.65 dBi Without it was 5.6dbi
- #27: Electric permittivity (ε) and magnetic permeability (μ) are the two basic parameters of metamaterials.
- #41: GAIN BAND_IDTH AND IMPEDENCE BAND_IDTH NOT BEEN ACCOUNTED...
- #42: SNELLS LAW 2.45GHZ PATCH IS DESIGNED 3 TYPES OF NEAR ZERO
- #43: 0.049lamda
- #44: ENHANCEMENT ON BROADSIDE DIRECTIVE AND BAND_IDTH OF PATCH ANTENNA REDUCING BACK RADIATION
- #45: E’=17.4 U’=0.02 N’=0.77
- #46: 8.1 Dbi 2.1 Dbi 6 db gain enhancement 10db band_idth is 2% increased to 15% Gain of >7db is arranted in this range
- #47: Half po_er beam _idth D=10log(30000/(______) 6.4 Dbi 9.5 Dbi Refrative index = D(lambda)(square)/4(pi)A Front to Backard radiation enhanced by 5.2 db.
- #49: PATCH ANTENNA WITH DESIGN AT 2.25GHz
- #51: S11 PLOT
- #52: RADIATION PATTERN
- #53: RADIATION PATTERN
- #54: RADIATION PATTERN
- #55: RADIATION PATTERN