Gender in Value Chains
- 1. Gender in value chains June 15, 2012 Graham Thiele, Gordon Prain, Anne Rietveld, Holger Kirscht and Sarah Mayanja CRP RTB
- 2. Summary Many value chains complex gender based division of labour • women playing major roles as processors and traders • gender “invisible” for researchers, planners, policy makers Value chain development (VCD)- poor job at handling gender Why do value chains matter? Why does gender matter in VCD? Why are VCD methods gender blind? What should we do?
- 3. Value chain Policy makers: local govts. Input provider Farmer Wholesaler Processor Retail Customer Service providers: INIAs, NGOs, Extension services
- 4. Why do value chains matter? Improve market Driver of innovation access and small process eg poundability farmers livelihoods Deliver improved nutritional benefits
- 5. Value chain development (VCD) “strengthen the relations between smallholders and other chain actors, including input providers, buyers, and processors, for the development of new or increased value adding to existing product lines” Donovan and Stoian
- 6. Why does gender matter in VCD? 1. Women and men differentiated roles/ demands, if not addressed undermine effectiveness Eg cassava poundability 2. Social justice: equal distribution of advantages, assets and benefits between men & women 3. Business: gender inequity is missed business opportunity 4. RTBs: women key roles in post harvest and processing - bulkiness and perishability
- 7. Poundability: who cares? Why does gender matter in VCD? 1. Equitable and inclusive development should include gender, at very least shouldn’t worsen gender inequity 2. Women and men have differentiated roles, and demands which if not properly addressed undermine effectiveness of VCD • Eg poundability of cassava key trait highly preferred by women 3. RTBs: women play key roles in post harvest and processing linked with bulkiness and perishibility
- 8. Oyo, Nigeria, gari producers
- 9. Oyo, Nigeria, gari producers
- 10. Oyo, Nigeria, gari sellers
- 11. Mechanized gari production: implications for gender equity?
- 12. VCD example: Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) Combines collective action & innovation processes among market chain actors Helps market chain actors express their needs to R&D organizations Facilitates long-term partnership among farmers, market chain actors and service providers (PPP)
- 13. Innovation process replicated and extended in Peru COMO Research Creative idea
- 14. Toolbox Toolbox • GIZ, RUTA and CATIE have made a major effort to gather some 100 tools that, this way or another, deal with value chain development from a gender perspective (see http://ruta.org/toolbox/ Some favourable gender ). linked outcomes
- 15. Review of VCD guidelines: ICRAF 2012 Methodological guideline Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) (Bernet, Thiele & Zschocke 2011) l e al VC Analysis wer Making VC Work Better for the Poor: A Toolbook for Practitioners of y (M4P 2008) d the Value Chain Development for Decent Work lude and Muzira 2009) (Herr ValueLinks Manual (GTZ 2008) e c onc W n: “ lind” ova r b Guidelines for rapid appraisals of agrifood chain performance in development countries n Don ende (da Silva asode Souza Filho 2007) J and lly g ba sica Chain-wide learning for inclusive agrifood market development (IIED 2008) Using a value chain approach to design a competitiveness strategy (USAID no date) Participatory Market Chain Analysis for Smallholder Producers (Lundy et al. 2007) The operational guide for the making markets work for the poor (M4P) approach (DFID 2008)
- 16. Why are methods gender blind? 1. VCD emphasizes exploiting a market opportunity rather than equity or strengthening household livelihoods 2. VCD seeks to improve the articulation of VC and sharing of benefits among existing actors not bringing in new actors 3. Lack of practical tools and proven experience for gender-responsive VCD 4. Few gender specialists have worked on VCD
- 17. What should we do? 1. Gender overlay on existing methods 2. Gender analysis 3. Toolkits: gender tools at different stages of VCD • resolve ‘blockages’ and ‘engender’ the chain 4. Pursue change jointly across CRPs not piecemeal VC by VC • link with existing initiatives
- 18. PMCA: gender overlay Sarapura 2012
- 19. Gender analysis in VCD Mayoux and Mackie 2008
- 21. Wrap up 1. Misfit between importance of gender and VCD methods 2. Options to improve methods 3. Quick fix not enough 4. Gender aware VCD specialists – CRPs collaborate to build capacity 5. Build on practical experience, real examples and comparative case studies (meta analysis): •role for CRP 2 on value chains?
- 22. Thank you