GENERATOR AND IMPROVED COIL THEREFOR HAVINGELECTRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
- 1. (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US2014/0111054A1 US 201401 11054A1 Heins (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 24, 2014 (54) GENERATORAND IMPROVED COIL (52) U.S. Cl. THEREFOR HAVINGELECTRODYNAMIC CPC. H02K3/00 (2013.01); H02K53/00 (2013.01) PROPERTIES USPC ..................................... 310/195; 74/DIG.009 (71) Applicant: Thane C. Heins, Almonte (CA) (57) ABSTRACT (72) Inventor: Thane C. Heins, Almonte (CA) The present invention relates to electrical generators and, in (21) Appl. No.: 14/059,775 particular, to improvements to efficiency in electromechani cal energy conversion in electrical generators and electric (22) Filed: Oct. 22, 2013 motors. The regenerative acceleration generator coil accord ingtothepresentinventiontakesadvantageofthestructureof Related U.S. Application Data a high impedance multiple-loop salient pole winding or low (60) Provisional application No. 61/717,767, filed on Oct. impedance bi-filar windings to create a positive armature 24, 2012. (accelerative) reaction rather than a negative (decelerative) s reaction as exhibitedby priorart generators which only have Publication Classification low impedance multiple loops ofwire making up their rotor armature. The generator of the present invention reverses (51) Int. Cl. these negativeeffectsbydelayingcurrentflowinthecoil until HO2K 3/00 (2006.01) the rotating magnetic field reaches TDC. 135 degrees degrees
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- 3. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 2 of 10 US 2014/0111054 A1 Fig. 4 135 degrees degrees
- 4. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 3 of 10 US 2014/0111054 A1 ( "Fl320 n/F2 N Fig. 7 Figare 8c: Figure &d Fig. 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d
- 5. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 4 of 10 US 2014/0111054 A1 Direction : ofmagnets Fig. 9 Direction of magnets Fig. 10
- 6. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 5 of 10 US 2014/0111054 A1 Direction --- of magnets Fig.11 Fig. 12 Directics of magnets Fig. 13
- 7. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 6 of 10 US 2014/0111054 A1 135 degrees Fig. 14 irectics of magnets Fig. 16
- 8. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 7 of 10 US 2014/0111054 A1 Fig. 18
- 9. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 8 of 10 US 2014/0111054 A1 Fig. 20 Fig. 21
- 10. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 9 of 10 US 2014/0111054 A1 Fig. 22 Fig. 23
- 11. Patent Application Publication Apr. 24, 2014 Sheet 10 of 10 US 2014/0111054 A1 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26
- 12. US 2014/011 1054A1 GENERATOR AND IMPROVED COL THEREFOR HAVINGELECTRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 0001. Thepresentinventionrelatestoelectricalgenerators and, in particular, to improvements to efficiency in electro mechanical energy conversion in electrical generators and electric motors. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 0002 Faradays Law governs induction in the motion ofa closed current bearing conducting loop through a magnetic field. This law is formulated, in simpleterms, in regard to the motion of Such a loop across the field lines of a uniform magnetic field, which is notthecase when multiple loops are in close proximity to one anotherand are rotating through a field inside a generator. 0003. Many applications ofknown motor control theory have developed to adjust or compensate for this negative unwanted(armaturereaction)departurefromthesimplecase. 0004 Lenz’s Law is a law ofphysics which governs the conventional coils resistive and decelerative armature reac tion and is an extension ofNewton's Third Law which states that, forevery action there is an equal and opposite reaction. 0005. Whereelectricgeneratorsareconcernedthisapplies when a conducting loop is moved through a magnetic field and said loop is connectedto a load Such thatelectric current flows in the closed loop circuit. 0006. This electric current flow produces a magnetic field aroundtheloopwhichcreatesacounter-electromotivetorque which impedes the loop's progress through the magnetic field. 0007 Additional external torque must therefore be applied to the rotation ofthe loop to keep it moving through the magnetic fieldor rotation will cease andpowerdelivered to the load will also cease. 0008. The magnitude ofthe generators induced resistive magnetic field aroundthe loop is directly proportional to the magnitude ofcurrent flowing in the loop and to the load. 0009. It is also important to note that the generatorcoils induced repelling magnetic field (equal and opposite reac tion) is simultaneous and in an identical time frame to the action causing it i.e. the approaching magnetic field which producestheinducedVoltagein the coilas wellasthecurrent flow and external magnetic field. 0010. The load resistance that is connected to the loop plays an important role in dictating how much current can flow through the loop. 0.011 Nocurrentflows with an infinite resistance, no-load condition and maximum current flows with an infinite load, short circuit condition. 0012 Variations ofload magnitude vary the current flow through the loop and dictate what magnitude of external torqueincrease mustbeappliedtoovercometheloopsarma turereaction (internally-inducedelectromagnetic resistance). 0013 Whenageneratorisoperatingina no-loadcondition androtatingataspecifiedspeed,aVoltageisbeing inducedin the generator's coils but there is an open circuit, infinite resistance connected to the loop and the loop rotates freely through the magnetic field because no current can flow through it and no armature reaction is created and minimum externaltorque mustbe appliedto the looptokeep it rotating. 0014 When an on-load resistive load is connected to the loop, current begins to flow in the loop and a decelerative Apr. 24, 2014 armature reaction results in which a self-induced resistive electromagnetic counter-electromotive torque is produced. 0015 This requires additional torque to be suppliedto the loopto Sustainpowerto theloadandto overcomethecounter electromotivetorque created by the loops induced magnetic field which opposes the loop's rotation inside the magnetic field. 0016. Multiple loads connected to generators are con nected in parallel with the cumulative total approaching an infinite load/short circuit/maximum current flow/maximum armature reaction condition as described by Ohm’s Law where: 0017 Loads vary with regard to the phase angle differen tial (power factor) that they create between the voltage and current sine waves where the maximum loadpowerfactoris createdbyaworst casescenario ofapurely resistiveloadand a power factor of 1 or Voltage and current in phase with one another. 0018 All load applications implied herein pertain to the worst case scenario andare ofapurely resistive nature trans ferring maximum power form the generatorto the load. 0019 Faraday's Law and Lenz’s Law apply equally to a cagewoundrotor(loop)rotatingthroughauniformstationary magnetic field (or vice versa) and a salientpole round stator coilwith an externally rotating magnetic field (or vice versa). This invention applies to both cases. 0020. The Regenerative Acceleration Generator (ReCien X) coil accordingto thepresentinvention,takesadvantage of the structure ofa high impedance multiple-loop salient pole winding orlow impedance bi-filar windings to create aposi tive armature (accelerative) reaction rather than a negative (decelerative) one as per all typical generators which only have low impedance multiple loops ofwire making up their rOtOr armature. 0021 All conventional generators operate as inductors and electromagnets when Supplying power to a load. As inductors they store energy in the external electromagnetic field around the coil, and as electromagnets they simulta neously create a counter-electromagnetic-torque (armature reaction) whichalways opposes thegenerators rotating mag netic field direction and always in the same time domain. 0022 AS electromagnets, the conventional generator coil produces a magnetic field with the same polarity and in the sametimedomainastheapproaching magneticfieldwhich in turn instantly resists the rotors approaching magnetic field and resists its departure equally vigorously when the current in the coil changes direction and the coils magnetic field polarity is reversed. 0023 For all intents and purposes, the duty cycle ofcur rent flow in a conventional generator coil is 360 degrees, meaning it isalwaysflowing except verybrieflyatTop Dead Centre(TDC)whenfallstoZero verybrieflybeforeitchanges direction and producing resistive internal forces. 0024 Forexample when the rotor's North magnetic pole approaches the conventional generator coil the Voltage induced in the coil increases which in turn increases the current flowing through the load which in turn increases the coils induced repelling North pole magnetic field/armature reaction. See FIGS. 8 a,b,c,d.
- 13. US 2014/011 1054A1 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 0025. The RegenerativeAcceleration (ReCien-X)Genera tor coil takes advantage ofthe structure ofthe multiple-coil salient pole winding by utilizing specially wound wire coil configurations to store potential energy internally and elec trostaticallybrieflyinsidethecoilasvoltage ratherthanexter nally andinstantaneously intheelectromagnetic fieldaspera conventional generator coil. 0026. It is theconventional generatorcoilsinduced resis tive electromagnetic field that manifests itself instantly between thegeneratorcoilandthe approaching rotormagnet which is responsible for the negative deceleration effects created by all typical generators when Supplying power to a load. 0027 Reducing or even eliminating this negative effect would have an overall benefit ofincreasing the generators efficiency by mitigating the internally created electromag netic resistance and reducing the additional external torque (and energy) which is always required to overcome it. 0028. The ReCien-X does not reduce or eliminate these negativeeffectsbutreversesthem insteadby delayingcurrent flow in thecoiluntil the rotating magnetic field reachesTDC. 0029. Incomparisontotheconventionalcoil designwhich employs large gauge windings with the aim of minimizing losses within the coil (q.v.) the ReGen-X coil can use rela tively small gauge wire, which leads to many more turns being used in a ReGen-X coil than in a conventional coil. 0030. A bi-filar wound coil may also be employed which reduces the turns ratio and coils internal resistance to that closely resembling a conventional coil. Ifa non bi-filargen eratorcoilwinding isemployedastepdowntransformermay also be required. 0031 Oneconsequenceofbothofthesecoil windingtech niques/design characteristics is to raise the self-induced capacitanceofthe coil while modifying its higherexcitation frequency behavior (as described in further detail below) to create a delayed and accelerative armature reaction. 0032. AtTDCan approachingmagnetic field isascloseas it is going to get to a generator coils core and it is at this position that the maximum Voltage or electro-motive-force (EMF) is induced in the coil. 0033. When the coil is connected to a load in an on-load condition, the result is maximum current flow and maximum electromagnetic field energy stored externally around the coil, with maximum electromagnetic resistance being pro duced. 0034. This necessitates a maximum additional torque and work to be supplied externally by the prime mover ifsystem deceleration avoidance is desired. Also at TDC, the induced current in the coil is changing direction and the repelling magnetic field changes polarity to a maximum magnitude attractive magnetic field which opposes the rotor magnets departureaway fromthecoilscore,again necessitatingaddi tional externally applied torque and powerto keep the rotat ing magnetic field moving away without deceleration. 0035) Ifthecurrentflow intheconventionalgeneratorcoil can be delayed untilTDC oreven after itas per the ReGenX coil then Lenz’s Law, Newton's Third Law and the Law of Conservation ofEnergy nolongerapplyinthesimple manner as expected to the operation ofthe conventional coil because their foundations are based on unrestricted and continuous current flow in the same time domain. 0036). If current flow can be delayed until after TDC, Lenz’s Law canevenprovideareversedaccelerative on-load Apr. 24, 2014 effect than is commonly expected with the decelerative on load effect. (For the purposes ofthis discussion typical time delaysregardingcorehysteresis do notapply). Ifcurrentflow in the generator coil can be delayed until after the rotating magneticfieldhasalready movedpastthecoilscoreatTDC, the rotors magnetic field can approach the coil unimpeded and without the effects normally prescribed to it by the usual applicationofLenz’s Law (i.ean equalandopposite resistive reaction in the same time domain) to generator behavior because this simple interpretation ofLenz’s Law's operation is dependent on continuous current flow in a generator coil and an instantaneous repelling magnetic field. 0037. The premise behind the operation ofthe Regenera tive Acceleration Generator (ReCien-X) coil is that the gen erator coils delayed current flow and subsequent delayed electromagnetic field can assist (rather than resist) the gen erator rotor's rotating magnetic field's approach to the gen erator coil and departure away from the generator coil by delayingcurrent flow in thecoil untilafterTDCby 45 degrees when compared to a conventional generator coil. The ReGen-X coiloperation is similarto thatofa capacitorwhere energy is stored internally in theelectrostatic field inside the coil between the wires rather than in the external magnetic fieldasperaconventionalgeneratorcoil which operatesasan inductor. 0038. This internally-stored, delayed and then instanta neously released magnetic field is responsible for the ReGen-Xgeneratorcoilsacceleratingandassistiveforceand Lenz’s Law reversal when Supplying powerto a load. 0039 Embodiments ofthepresent invention arebased on this observation and many further refinements will become apparent as described in detail below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 0040 FIG. 1: The parasitic capacitance that exists across the windings ofan inductor. 0041 FIG. 2: The Time Constant Rise Time in a Series Inductor Circuit. The ReGenX coils inductance contributes to thecoils risetimepostTDCwhichinturncontributes tothe 45 degree current time delay. 0042 FIG. 3: A Rotating Magnetic Field Approaching a StationaryStatorCoil,TDCtothatCoilandMovingPastsaid Coil. 0043 FIG. 4: A rotating North Pole magnet field approaching a stationary coil which is connected to a load at a certain frequency F. 0044 FIG. 5: Theoscilloscope current waveform through a purely resistive load (PF=1) for a conventional generator coil (A) and a ReGenX coil (B) with the same rotor magnet and identical rotor magnet relative positioning. 004.5 FIG. 6: RotorMagnetic FieldatTDCandApproach and Departure Frequencies ofRotor Magnet. 0046 FIG. 7: Discharging Delayed Regenx Coil's Induced Magnetic Field Accelerating Rotor's North Pole Magnetic Field WhileAttractingtheApproachingSouth Pole Magnetic Field. 0047 FIG. 8: 8A, B, C, D. Examples of Rotating Coil Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field 0048 FIG.9: Stage 1 Conventional GeneratorCoil North Pole Magnetic Field Approaching Coil 0049 FIG.10:Stage2ConventionalGeneratorCoilNorth Pole Magnet Receding From Coil 0050 FIG. 11: Stage 1 ReGenX Generator Coil, North Pole MagnetApproaching Coil
- 14. US 2014/011 1054A1 0051 FIG. 12: Isolation Oscilloscope Shot Showing ReGenX Coil Current 45 Degree Delay 0052 FIG.13: ReGenXCoil(B)CurrentSineWavePeak ing PostTDC 0053 FIG. 14: Isolation Oscilloscope Shot Showing ReGenX Coil Current 135 Degree Delay 0054 FIG. 15: Stage 3 ReGenX Generator Coil, North Pole Rotor Magnetic Field Being Accelerated Away From Coil's Core Post TDC and South Pole Rotor Magnet Being Accelerated Toward ReGenX Coil's Core 0055 FIG. 16: Shows the relative positioning between ReGenX generatorcoils to maximize Flux Harvesting. 0056 FIG. 17: Flux Harvesting BetweenTwo Coils 0057 FIG. 18: Flux Harvesting Between Four ReGenX Coils 0058 FIG. 19: Flux Harvesting Example of Flux Direc tionsWith Regardto DischargingMotorFluxand Rotor Flux GeneratorDirectionandRegen-XCorePenetrationDirection with Salient Coils 0059 FIG. 20: Flux Harvesting EmployingA Concentric E Core on No Load 0060 FIG.21: showsaConcentricEcorewitha ReGen-X salient coil mounted on the middle fingerofthe E core, with a conventional coil wrappedaround the ReCien-X coil on the outer E core fingers. 0061 FIG. 22: shows the rotor flux paths for a ReGen-X Toroid Core application on no load. 0062 FIG. 23: Bi-Coil Toriod Core ReGenX Generator Coils On Load 0063 FIG. 24: Bi-Filar Wound Coil 0064 FIG. 25: Bi-FilarWound Parallel Connected Coil 0065 FIG. 26: Bi-FilarWound Series Connected Coil BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 0066. The moment when the equivalent rotating magnet representing the coil310 is neitherapproaching norreceding from the stator magnet/coil 320 is referred to as top dead center or TDC as shown in FIG. 3. At TDC the maximum potential energy (EMF/voltage) is induced in the generator coil.AtTDC,thegenerator'srotatingmagnetic fieldisneither approaching nor receding from the coil and as far as the generator coils inductive reactance is concerned (AC resis tancetocurrentflow) itis zero. However,theinstantjustprior to TDC, maximum current is flowing in the coil and maxi mum electromagnetic resistance is being produced. 0067. As the generator's rotor transitions though TDC, it moves through a region ofmaximum coil-induced, repelling electromagnetic resistance (rotor magnet approaching just prior to TDC) to Zero induced electromagnetic resistance (directly atTDC) to maximum induced attractive or resistive electromagnetic field as the rotor magnet attempts to move away fromjustpast TDC. 0068. This is depictedin FIGS. 8 a,b,c,dat theapex ofthe sine wave at the TDC position (AC current sine wave apex). The current flow in the coil must cease at TDC just prior to moving in the other direction, not unlike the action of a pendulum. When the current flow ceases, the resistive forces produced by the coil and the effects usually expected as a consequenceofLenz’s Lawalsomustceasebecausethey rely on current flow to exist and manifest themselves. 0069. InageneratorcoilatTDC,the normalconsequences ofLenz’s Law are Suspendedand therefore many limitations to the present system normally expected from Newton’s Third Law are suspended because current flow in the coil Apr. 24, 2014 stops justpriorto changing directionpost-TDC whereallthe expected rules of generator dynamics resume functioning. Whilecurrent flow inthe conventional coil ceases at TDC the effects are not manifested due to theconventional coils time COnStant. 0070. In the conventional generator coil, current flow ceasesatTDCbutinthe ReGen-Xcoil maximum current flow exists because at TDC, theAC impedance ofthe coil is at its minimum, and the induced Voltage in the coil is at its maxi mum. At TDC, the maximum induced Voltage in the ReGen-X coil can be dissipated through the coil via current flow which creates a maximum delayed magnetic field of maximum magnitude having the same repelling polarity as the now recedingrotormagnetic fieldandanattractingpolar ity to the opposite approaching magnetic pole on the rotor. 0071. When compared to a conventional generator coil wherethe maximumrepelling magneticfieldoccursjustprior to TDC and just post TDC the ReCenX generator coils maximum repelling magnetic field occurs at 45 degrees past TDC. In essence the rotor's magnetic field isalready pastthe coils core and already moving away when current flow and repelling magnetic field peakand assist its departure. 0072 The inventor ofthe present generator has observed thatall prior artgenerators exhibitthebehavior(see FIG. 4b) in that the rotating loop, in the close (in the angular sense) neighbourhood parallel to the field lines of the external, or stator, field, exhibit no inductive behavior whatsoever because no magnetic field lines are being cut. In such a neighborhood, hereinafter referred to as top dead center or TDC, theflow ofcurrentintheloopceaseswith respect tothe conventionalcoil,justpriortochangingdirectionandthusthe Lenz effects have no consequence. The coil's impedance to current flow is only governedby the DC resistivebehaviorof theloopofwireandtheresistanceoftheloadconnectedtothe loop. Where the ReGen-X coil is concerned, however, maxi mum current flows because the otherwise highly restrictive impedance to current flow is minimized.AtTDCthe rotating magnetic field is neitherapproaching norrecedingand atthis moment the total coil inductive reactance drops to Zero and thetotalimpedance ofthecoil drops tothelow DC resistance ofthe coil because the total coil impedance is determinedby frequency ofoperation as shown below. 0073 Total Inductive Reactance(X)ofa GeneratorCoil: where: X, is the total inductive reactance F is the operating frequency ofthe coil L is the inductance ofthe coil As can be deduced from the above equation, as the operating frequency ofthe coil is increased, the coils inductive reac tance must also increase. Total Impedance (Z) ofa GeneratorCoil: 0.074 where: X is the total inductive reactance ofthe coil R is the DC resistance ofthe coil windings X is the capacitive reactance ofthe coil As can be deduced from the above equation, as the inductive reactance ofthe coil is increased, the total impedance ofthe coil must also increase.
- 15. US 2014/011 1054A1 0075. Ifwe employ Ohm’s Law which states that: I=W/ZT We can deduce that, as the coil impedance increases, the current flow decreases accordingly. 0076. At TDC with regards to the ReGen-X COIL. V. duced is maximum, Z is minimum, I is maximum and the coils induced magnetic field is also maximum. With regards to a conventional generator coil, current I is Zero at TDC because at that exact moment it is changing direction, but maximumjustpriorandjust postTDC. AtTDC the induced Voltage in any generator coil is maximum. Consequently, maximum Voltage and lowest coil impedance coexist simul taneously atcertain points duringtheAC cycleofthepresent invention.Generatorsofthepriorartall dothisbutthebehav ioris not noticeablebecause coilimpedanceis designedtobe minimized. 0077. At TDC, the ReGen-X coil's delayed maximum magnitude magnetic field pushes away on the now already receding rotor magnet, while attractingthe nextapproaching opposite pole magnet on the rotor. 0078 1. The present invention is a generator coil with Sufficient inductance, impedance and self-induced capaci tance when operated at a Sufficient frequency which will, in the regions prior to TDC, disallow current to flow in the coil or to store energy externally around the coil in the electro magnetic field as an inductor, but will force the coil to store useful energy internally in theelectrostatic fieldcapacitively. 0079 At the moment ofTDC, this maximum internally stored energy is released as a magnetic field of identical polarity to the receding rotor magnetic field with its full instantaneousforcebeingexerteduponthemagnetpoleatthe 45 degree markbecausethecoils capacitively stored Voltage and resultantcurrent flow takes timedue to the ReGenXcoils time constant. 0080 i. The receding magnetic field is accelerated away from the coil faster than it otherwise would be. ii.The nextoppositemagnetic poleon the rotoris attractedto the coil by the additional force. iii. Electric current delivers power to the load. iv. The energy required to be delivered by the prime mover decreases accordingly. V. More power can be delivered by the ReGen-X coil over a conventional coil without overheating danger because the ReGen-X coils dutycyclehasbeen significantly reducedand the coil has time to dissipate heat between the AC current pulses. 0081. The ReCien-X coil has more than six different modesofoperationwhichcanbeemployedatanytimeandin any combination with a plurality of coils via electronic or manual Switching ofthe coil configurations such as: i. Parallel wound, parallel connected bi-filar wound motor coil. Five known benefits result: ii.Parallelwound,seriesconnectedbi-filarwoundmotorcoil. iii. Parallelwound, parallelconnectedbi-filarwoundconven tional (system decelerating) coil. iv. Parallel wound, series connected bi-filarwound ReGen-X (system accelerating) coil. V. High Impedance ReCien-X coil. vi.Any oftheaboveemployedinconcertwithastepuporstep down transformer. Apr. 24, 2014 I0082 ReGenX Coil Flux Harvesting I0083. 2. In a further embodiment, when operated as a plurality ofsalient orindependent coils, subject to particular positioning ofthe coils, (as described ingreaterdetailbelow) the discharging flux from the ReGen-X coil can becollected intotheadjacentcoils operatingas ReGen-X coils orconven tional coils and the net flux in the coils is additive, including the rotorfluxplus theinduced flux fromothercoils, compris ing a mode hereinafter referred to as flux harvesting. I0084 3. In yet anotherembodiment ofthe present inven tion, flux harvesting as described above also applies in a ReGen-X coiladjacentto a motorcoil suchthatthe discharg ing magnetic field form the motorcoil can be collected in the ReGen-X coil and the net power consumption by the motor coil reduced significantly. Information in the appendix attached hereto provides an explanation ofwhy an inductor behaves as a capacitor at certain frequencies. I0085. An idealinductorwould notbehavelikeacapacitor, butinthe real worldthereare no idealcomponents. Basically, any real inductorcan bethought ofan ideal inductor thathas a resistorin series with it (wire resistance) anda capacitor in parallel with it (parasitic capacitance). Now, where does the parasitic capacitance come from? an inductor is made out of a coil ofinsulated wire, so there are tiny capacitors between the windings (since there are two sections ofwire separated by an insulator). Each section of windings is at a slightly different potential (because of wire inductance and resis tance). As the frequency increases, the impedance of the inductor increases while the impedance of the parasitic capacitordecreases,soatSomehigh frequencytheimpedance of the capacitor is much lower than the impedance of the inductor,which meansthattheinductorbehaveslikeacapaci tor. Theinductoralsohasitsownresonancefrequency.Thisis why some high frequency inductors have their windings far apart—to reduce the capacitance. I0086 Capacitors have two conductive plates separate by an insulator. The turns of wire in a coil can also create a capacitor because between each turn ofwire there are two conductors separated by an insulator, which can be air, enamel, ceramic, etc. When the right frequency is applied to the inductor, the inter-turn capacitance can create a resonant circuit.Thisinter-turn capacitance onlyhappens withACand not DC because inductors are a short with DC. FIG. 1 shows the parasitic capacitance that exists across the windings ofan inductor. The Non-Ideal Inductor I0087. In general, inductors are more problematic than capacitors. Theparasitic elements are: 1) resistance within the leads and the wire ofthe inductor, 2) capacitance between the leads and between the loops of wire, and 3) the equivalent resistance corresponding to core losses (if the inductor uses a ferromagnetic core). DETAILED DESCRIPTION I0088 As statedabove, Faradays Law governs induction in the motion of a closed current-bearing conducting loop through a magnetic field.This law only applies simply (with out geometrical modification) with regard to the motion of Such a loop across the field lines ofauniform magnetic field.
- 16. US 2014/011 1054A1 0089. Ina typical generatoror motor, multiple loopsare in close proximity to one another and are rotating through the stator magnetic field or are placed on salient generatorcoils. The net induced magnetic fields produced around each cur rent-bearing wire produces a negative effect according to Lenz’s law which states that “when an EMF (voltage) is generatedbyachangein magneticfluxaccordingto Faradays Law, the polarityofthe induced EMF is such that itproduces acurrent (whenthecoilisconnectedtoaload)whoseinduced magnetic field polarity opposes the change which produces it.” FIG. 27shows how the induced magnetic fieldinsideany loop of wire always acts to try to keep the magnetic flux through the loop constant. The attached appendix gives a pertinent explanation, of Faraday's Law. 0090 Conventional Coil Operation with an Approaching Magnetic North Pole 0091. As a magnetic North pole approaches a coil, its magnetic field intersecting with the coil increases and causes an electromotive force (EMF or voltage) to be induced acrossthe coil,inaccordancewith Faraday's Law and Lenz’s Law,asgiven by Equation (1.1), where wetakeadvantage of the fact that since flux de for a coil is given by d NAB where B represents magnetic fieldperpendicularto the coil and the number ofturns ofthe coil Nand perpendiculararea A remain constant, to obtain the second form given e=-dop/dt=-NAd/Bidt (1.1) 0092. This EMF in turn causes an electric current to flow through any loadconnected acrossthecoilas well as through the coil windings 310, as shown in FIG. 6. A ferrous core placedcoaxially inthecoilactstoconcentrate,magnify,resist (core hysteresis, reluctance) and guide the flux through the centre ofthe coil. 0093. In accordance with Lenz’s Law, the induced EMF acts to resist the change in magnetic field in the Coil, and hence the current flowing in the coil acts So as to attempt to maketheend ofthe coil nearest to the approaching magnet a magnetic North pole as is indicated by the - sign in Equa tion (1.1) and illustrated in FIG. 6. This induced EMF con tinuestobegenerated(alongwith itsassociated current)until the magnet is at its minimum distance from the centre ofthe core (TDC). It is worth noting at this point that the present convention forthedesign ofcoils foruse in generators is that theirinternal DCresistance is minimized(through usingwire of a relatively large diameter) with the aim of minimizing Joule-heating losses in them. 0094) Joule-heatingisafunctionofcurrentflowduty cycle andthedutycycleofaconventionalcoil is 100%,ora full360 degrees ofthe sine wave with theslightestexception atTDC when the current stops briefly only to resume flowing in the opposite direction. The ReCien-X coil avoids Joule-heating problems because, when operated above the critical mini mum frequency, the ReCien-X coil current flow duty cycle is restricted only to the small moment at TDC and the coil has time to cool over the remainderofthe duty cycle. 0095 72 Conventional Coil Operation with a Receding Magnetic North Pole 0096. As the magnetic Northpole715 passes its minimum distance from the centre ofthe core and starts to recede from the coil, its magnetic fieldintersecting withthecoil decreases and again causes an electromotive force (EMF) to be induced across the coil, in accordance with Faraday's Law and Lenz’s Law, asgivenby Equation(1.1).This EMFinturn Apr. 24, 2014 causesanelectric current to flow through any load connected across the coil as shown in FIG. 7. 0097. In accordance with Lenz’s Law, the induced EMF once more acts to resist the change in magnetic field in the coil, and hence the current flowing in the coil acts So as to attemptto maketheend ofthe coil nearesttotheapproaching magneta magnetic South pole 710 as is indicated by the - sign in Equation (1.1) and illustrated in FIG. 7. This means thatthecurrentflows throughthecoil intheoppositedirection to that shown in FIG. 6. 0098. This process continues while the next pole on the rotor (a magnetic South pole)approaches (thecoils coreand is resisted in its attemptto do so) its minimum distance from thecentreofthecore,andthenthecurrentreversesonce more until a North pole is at the minimum distance position. This process is continually repeated in the conventional coil whereby the conventional coils direction ofcurrent flow is always producing an externally-induced magnetic field around the coil which resists the rotor magnet’s departure from the coil while simultaneously resisting the opposite pole's approach with an infinitesimally small respiteatTDC when the current direction changes. 0099 ReGen-X Coil Construction 0100. Incomparisontotheconventionalcoil designwhich employs large gauge windings with the aim of minimizing resistivelosseswithinthecoil (q.v.)the ReCien-Xcoilcan use relativelysmallgaugewire,andthisleadsto many moreturns being used in a ReGen-X coil than in a conventional coil. A consequence ofthis design characteristic istoraisetheinduc tance ofthe coil so thatabove acertain frequencythe current flow is delayed until TDCwhilethe self-inducedcapacitance is increased. The high inductance, high impedance, high DC resistancevariantofthe ReGen-Xcoilproducesalargerepel ling magnetic fieldanduseful increases ofkinetic energy and motive force into the system but they do not deliver much useableelectricalenergybecauseitisprimarily consumedby the high DC resistance ofthe coil itself. 0101 The same “acceleration under load’ effects can be achieved equally well by employing the bi-filar coils as pre viously described without requiring Small gauge wire, or a large turns ratio. This IPvariationprovides largeadditions of positive motive force?kinetic energy into the system with useable electrical power being delivered to a load. 0102 Atacertaincriticalexcitation frequency (), thereac tance ofthe coil due to its: 1. InductanceX, becomes relatively largein magnitude; and, 2. Mutual capacitancebetween turns,X, becomes relatively Small in magnitude. 0103) The capacitance between individual wire turns of the coil, called parasitic capacitance, does not cause energy lossesbutcan change thebehaviorofthecoil. Eachturn ofthe coil is at a slightly different potential, so the electric field between neighboring turns stores charge on the wire, so the coil acts as ifit has a capacitor in parallel with it. At a high enough frequency this capacitance can resonate with the inductanceofthecoilformingatunedcircuit,causingthecoil to become self-resonant. 0104 For example, an inductor often acts as though it includes a parallel capacitor, because of its closely spaced windings. When a potential difference exists across the coil, wires lying adjacent to each other at different potentials are affectedby each other's electric field. Theyactlike theplates ofa capacitor, and store charge. Any change in the Voltage across the coil requires extra currentto charge and discharge
- 17. US 2014/011 1054A1 these Small capacitors. When the Voltage changes only slowly, as in low-frequency circuits, the extra current is usu ally negligible, but when the Voltage changes quickly the extra current is larger and can be significant. 0105. Theinventor'sproposition is thatthis means (forall practical purposes) that once being excited ata frequency of above(), thecoilceases to functionasan inductorandbegins to function as a capacitor. 0106 Theexcitation frequencyofthe coil () isa function ofthe numberofpolepairs n,andtheangularvelocity ofthe rotor (), as shown in Equation (2.1). (Deno). (2.1) 0107 While () is of the same order as (), or less, the ReGen-X coil operates in Substantially the same manneras a conventional coil. Above co, however, carefully considering the rate ofchange of magnetic flux in the core is the key to understanding the operation ofthe coil. 0108. Thecoilofthepresentinvention operatesatahigher frequencythanconventionalcoils,with coilsofhigherinduc tance and, in some embodiments, employs parallel wound seriesconnectedbi-filarwindings which increase coilimped ance and self-induced capacitance by 200% or more. 0109. Above a certain critical minimum frequency the ReGen-X coil does notallow current to flow through the coil or the load until TDC. In doing so, the ReCien-X coil delays the repelling magnetic field normally produced by the coil until the rotor magnetic field is already moving away from TDC. A good mechanical analogy would be an air compres Sor blowing air into a balloon. Like a magnetic or electric field, pressure,beingaper-unitarea force, does not represent energy untilitisexertedoveradistanceandotherwisemaybe regarded as potential energy. As long as the inflow pressure exceeds the airpressure being built up inside theballoon, the balloon will continue to inflate. At TDC, or any transition points 90, 180, 270 and 360 degrees, (see FIG. 5) the inflow pressure is instantly reversed and the balloons stored air pressure is released in the same direction as theair compres sor's forced air direction and the net air force equals the balloon'sstoredpotential+thepotentialdeliveredbythecom pressor. 0110. The “air pressure' being stored inside the balloon corresponds to Voltage potential stored inside the generator coil. The“compressor correspondstotheprime movercaus ing the rotormagnetto movetowardthecoilthus inducingan electromotive pressure in the coil. If, however, the pump's inflow pressureceasestheairpressure insidethe balloon will begin to deflate theballoon. Theonly difference between the conventional coil and the ReGen-X coil is that the ReGen-X coilballoonscenario isactuallya vacuum whichSuckstheair out ofthe air compressor into the balloon without any back pressure and less work being required by the compressor to deliver air into the balloon and then releases it, and then Sucking it inagain. The conventional coil (balloon) isalways fightingthecompressor—andasthepressure(voltage)builds insidetheballoon(coil)moreand moreworkis requiredtobe delivered by the compressor. 0111. It is worth noting again that at TDC in a conven tional coil there is no relative motionbetween thegenerators rotor magnetsandthe coil,andthereis no induced Voltage in the coil or current flow at the instant the current is changing direction, but due to the rise and decay time constants ofthe inductor coil it is not noticeable because the coils time con stant prevents the current from instantly decaying down to Apr. 24, 2014 Zero. FIG. 2 shows the Time Constant Rise Time in a Series Inductor Circuit. The ReGenX coils inductance contributes to thecoils risetimepostTDCwhichinturncontributes tothe 45 degree current time delay. 0112 An inductor(alsochoke,coilorreactor)isapassive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field. For comparison, a capacitor stores energy in an electricfield,anda resistordoes notstoreenergy butrather dissipates energy as heat. Any conductorhas inductance. An inductoristypically madeofawireorotherconductorwound into a coil, to increase the magnetic field. 0113. When the current flowing through an inductor changes it creates a time-varying magnetic field inside the coil, a Voltage is induced, according to Faradays law ofelec tromagnetic induction, which by Lenz’s law opposes the changeincurrentthatcreatedit. Inductorsareoneofthebasic components used in electronics where current and Voltage change with time, due to the ability ofinductors to delayand reshape alternating currents. 0114 Inductance(L) resultsfrom the magneticfieldform ing around a current-carrying conductor. Electric current throughtheconductorcreatesa magnetic fluxproportionalto the current. A change in this current creates a corresponding change in magnetic flux which, in turn, by Faradays law generatesan electromotiveforce(EMF) in theconductorthat opposes this change in current. Thus inductors oppose changes in current through them and the higher the induc tancevalue thelongerthecoil takes toallow currentto flow in the circuit. Conventional generatorcoils employ coils oflow inductance whereas the ReGen-X coil has inductance values and time constants that can be five times greater. This has an important role to play in the coils ability to allow current to flow through the coil. 0115 The effect ofan inductor in a circuit is to oppose changes in currentthrough it by developing a Voltage across it proportional to the rate ofchange ofthe current. The rela tionship between the time-varying Voltage V(t) across an inductor with inductance L and the time-varying current i(t) passing through it is described by the differential equation: 0116. When there is a sinusoidal alternating current (AC) through an inductor, a sinusoidal Voltage is induced. The amplitude ofthe voltage isproportional to the productofthe amplitude (I) of the current and the frequency (f) of the Current. di(t) = 27 flocos(27 ft) v(t) = 2itfLIcos(2 ft) In this situation, the phase of the current lags that of the voltage by JL/2. 0117 Ifan inductorisconnected to adirectcurrent source with value I via a resistance R. (see FIG. 4C) and then the current source is short-circuited, the differential relationship
- 18. US 2014/011 1054A1 above shows that the current through the inductor will dis charge with an exponential decay: 0118. The delay in the rise/fall time (FIG. 4D) of the circuit is in this case caused by the back-EMF from the inductor which, as the current flowing through it tries to change,preventsthecurrent(andhencetheVoltageacrossthe resistor) from rising or falling much faster than the time constant ofthe circuit. Since all wires have some self-induc tance and resistance, all circuits have a time constant. As a result, whenthepowerSupplyis Switchedon,thecurrentdoes not instantaneously reach its steady-statevalueV/R.The rise instead takes several time-constants to complete. AtTDC the coil is neitherapproaching nor receding from the stationary coil, thereforef=0andcoil total impedance Z-coil DC resis tance R (only). No X (inductive reactance) component exists because it is frequency dependent. 0119 ReGen-XCoil OperationAboveCritical Frequency with an Approaching Magnetic North Pole 0120. The situation as a magnetic North pole approaches the Regen-X coil with a speed that means In this situation the magnetic flux in the corehas a relatively high, positive rate ofchangeandthis means thatbecause the inductance ofthe ReCien-X coil is relatively high the reac tance ofthe coil is also high (X, (), 27tf) leadingto ahigh overall impedance(ZX+R,+X)and so there isarela tively low current flow in the coil and load. Instead, the majority ofthe energy contained in the magnetic field in the core/coilcombination(W=LI/2)remainsinthecore.(Where the usual circuit variable names are used; ffrequency, L.in ductance, I:current, R:resistance, Subscripting i.e. DC means Zero-frequency etc.) 0121 Coil Operation Above Critical Frequency with a Coaxial Magnetic North Pole 0122. At theinstantthe magnetiscoaxial with thecoil the situation isas illustrated in FIG.9. Because the rateofchange ofthemagnetic flux is instantaneously Zero,theimpedanceof the coil drops rapidly and magnetic field in the core is dis charged back towards the rotor, repelling the passing North magneticpole andattractingthe next South magnetic pole in theseries. It ispostulatedby theinventorthatin this situation Lenz’s law applies in the opposite sense and so the EMF generated by the coil is defined by Equation (2.2). ex=+dop/dt-NAdB/dt (2.2) 0123. AtTDCthereis nohorizontalmotionandno vertical motion as far as the coil is concerned. At TDC there is no relative motion thus no changing flux inside the coil core becauseit isalready maximum.AtTDCjustpriorto the rotor magnetbeginning to move away from the stationary coil the maximum coil-induced Voltage can then be dissipated through the low DC resistance ofthe coil, producing a maxi mum repelling magnetic field which accelerates the rotor magnet’sdeparturewhilesimultaneouslyattractingtheoppo site pole rotor magnetic field now moving into position. At TDC+T (locationofrotating“N” in FIG. 3)forthereactive oscillation in the coil, exists again. Flux change is uniform if RPMisuniform thereis no maximum changeinflux. How everflux magnitudeincreasesastherotormagnetapproaches the stationary coreand it peaks atTDC. AtTDC flux magni tudeis maximum insidethecoil core. Coil-induced Voltageis also maximum. Apr. 24, 2014 0.124. The drawings (SEE FIG. 4) show that the induced flux predominates below the critical minimum frequency (). resulting ina single sinusoidal wave intheequivalentcircuit. Above (), the coil produces an AC pulse at TDC (See FIG. 4b) which is very narrow butstilla sine wave. On the rotorof the present invention, the alternating magnetpoles are virtu ally touching each other for maximum frequency and the frequency at TDC, i.e. neither approaching nor receding. Thereis no relative movement so thefrequency mustbe zero if no movement exists. In orderto reducetheamountofenergy requiredto rotatethe rotor and, therefore, reducetheamountofenergy required to generate electric power, the distortion ofthe magnetic flux across the pole faces must be eliminated or at least reduced. In fact thepresentinvention does notdirectly reduceorelimi nate it, but instead reverses it by delaying it by 180 degrees. 0.125 FIG. 4 shows a rotating North Pole magnet field approaching a stationary coil which is connected to a load at a certain frequency F. In this condition a conventional gen erator coil will decelerate the rotor magnets speed of approach and reduce the frequency of the coils induced current. Initially when the ReGenX coil is connected to a load, current flows in the coil but it is delayed by 45 degrees so the full repelling forces as dictated by Lenz’s Law and Newton's Third Law are not manifested—as shown in the oscilloscope shots in FIG. 5. 0.126 FIG. 5 shows the oscilloscope current waveform through a purely resistive load (PF=1) for a conventional generatorcoil (A)anda ReCenXcoil (B)withthe same rotor magnetand identical rotormagnet relativepositioning.At90 degrees (TDC) the rotor magnet is Top Dead Centre to both theconventional and ReGenXcoils core and isjustabout to move past the coils cores. The conventional coil is experi encing the maximum repelling resistive force as can be exerted by the conventional coils induced magnetic field becausethe current magnitude is also maximum.AtTDCthe ReGenXcoils stored voltageis released through thecoiland the load and the coils Time Constant delays its immediate manifestation. The ReCienX coil's current is delayed by 45 degreesand does not fully manifestitselfuntilthe 135 degree mark which is postTDC. I0127. At post TDC (post 90 degrees) the rotor's rotating magnetic field has already moved past the coils cores and whenthedelayedcurrentfinallypeaksatthe 135 degree mark the ReCienX coils repelling magnetic field also peaks. The resultis the rotormagnet’s departureaway from the ReGenX coilscoreisacceleratedby theforcesexertedbythe ReGenX coilscurrentmagnitudeandresultantinduced magnetic field on the rotors magnetic field. The current frequency is increased from F1 to F2 as shown in FIG. 6 as is the rotors speed and the mechanical power in the generator's drive shaft. I0128. TheReGenXgeneratorcoilattractstheapproaching South Pole rotor magnetic field while simultaneously repel ling the rotor's North Pole magnetic field as it moves away from TDC. F1 and F2 can also be looked at as the resultant externally applied forces required to move the rotor magnet toward and away from the coils core. In a conventional generator coil scenario the externally applied mechanical energy must be increased to compensate and overcome the resistive repelling forces the generator coil applies on the approaching rotor magnetic field (F1) and the attracting forces as the rotor magnetic field tries to move away. In the ReGenX generator coil operation the externally applied
- 19. US 2014/011 1054A1 mechanical force can be reduced in proportion to theattract ing force (F1) and repelling force (F2). As can be seen from the various diagrams in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d. TDC can occur at 0, 90, 180 or 270 degrees depending on where the sine wave is triggered on the oscilloscope. In every case, at TDC the rotating loop is parallel to the generator stators magnetic lines offorce. Conventional GeneratorCoil Operation, Stage 1 and Stage 2 0129 FIG.9 showswhathappenswhenaNorthPolerotor magnetapproachesaconventional coil which is connectedto a load, current flows to the load and the coil produces both a repelling resistive electromagnetic force as seen by the approaching rotor magnet as well as an attractive resistive electromagnetic fieldas seen by the receding magnetic field. Theneteffectis moreexternally appliedforce mustalwaysbe applied to the rotor magnets to keep them approaching the coil or they will decelerate and eventually stop if the load current is great enough. The higher the current magnitude flowing in the coil the stronger the coils induced magnetic field and the more force must be applied to the rotor. 0130. When the North Pole rotor magnetic fieldbegins to move away from the coils core as shown in FIG. 10, the currentflow directionchanges directionaswellandthecoils induced resistive magnetic field changes from a repelling magneticfieldtoanattractingmagnetic fieldwhichresiststhe North Pole rotor's departure. 0131 ReGen-X GeneratorCoil Operation, Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3 0.132. In Stage 1 as shown in FIG. 11, when the rotors magnet field approaches the ReGen-X coil above a certain critical minimum frequency the coil impedance delays cur rentflow inthecoilanditdoes notpeakuntiltherotormagnet passesTDC. TDC is the pointin time when the rotor magnet is neither approaching nor receding the coil and it is essen tially stationary. FIG. 5 shows the current sine wave in the ReGenX coil (B) which is minimal prior to TDC and maxi mum afterTDC. When the rotor magneticfieldapproaches a ReGenXcoilabovethecoilscritical minimumfrequencythe currentis delayedandtheresultantrepellingmagnetic fieldis minimal as shown in the isolation diagram below FIG. 12. 0133 FIG. 12 shows the current sine wave for a conven tional generator coil (A) which peaks at the 90 degree mark (TDC).The resistiverepelling magnetic fieldproducedbythe coil increases in magnitude until it peaks at 90 degrees and then changes direction to a maximum magnitude resistive attracting magnetic field after the 90 degree mark when the current flow in the coil also changes direction. The current flowing in the ReCenX generator coil on the other hand is smallpriortothe90degreemarkand doesnotpeakuntilafter TDC or until the rotor magnet is already moving away from the coils core. The NET result is the post 90 degree (accel erative) repelling forces are greater than the pre 90 degree (decelerative) repelling forces exerted by the ReCenX coils induced magnetic field on the rotor's rotating magnetic field androtoraccelerationoccursunderload. FIG.13 showsStage 2 forthe ReCienXgeneratorcoil whentherotormagnetic field is TDC, neither approaching nor receding from the coils COC. 0134. At TDC the impedance ofthe coil drops to the low DC resistanceofthe coil while theinduced voltage inthecoil is ata maximum. The maximum induced Voltage can now be dissipated through the coils low DC resistance which pro duces maximum currentflow throughthecoilandto theload. Apr. 24, 2014 The ReCienX coil's current flow is delayed by the coils inductance rise time as shown in FIG. 2. and maximum cur rent flow and corresponding maximum magnetic field pro duced around the coil does not fully manifest itselfuntil 45 degrees postTDC. Once the rotor's magnetic field begins to move away from the coils core at TDC the ReCenX coils delayedandpeakingmagneticfieldrepelsandacceleratesthe rotor magnetic field in the same direction as its original tra jectory and accelerates its departure away from the coil at a faster rate than it otherwise would be. I0135 FIGS. 14 & 15 show Stage 3 for the ReGenX coil operationwherethe rotor'srotatingmagneticfieldhas moved past the coils core at TDC. When the ReGen-X coil dis charges its delayed magnetic field which is the samepolarity as the receding rotor magnet it accelerates the magnets departure at a faster rate while simultaneously attracting the oppositepole onthe rotorwhich is now moving intoposition. Theneteffectislessexternallyappliedforcecan beappliedto the rotor magnets to keep them approaching the coil as opposed to a conventional generator coil which requires an increase in eternally applied force. The higher the current magnitudeflowinginthe ReCien-Xcoilthestrongerthecoils induced magnetic field and the less force is required to keep the rotor rotating and the generator producing electrical energy. 0.136 Coil Positioning with Regards to Flux Harvesting with a Plurality ofSalient ReGenX Generator Coils and or Conventional Generator Coils I0137 The ReCienXgeneratorcoilhastheuniqueabilityto convert rotor magnetic flux to electrical energy as well as discharging magnetic flux from an adjacent ReGenX orcon ventional generatorcoil and or motorcoil. When a ReGenX generator coil is placed in the vicinity ofanother ReGenX generator coil and the first ReGenX coil is connected to a load, the induced voltage in the second coil will be increased by a certain amountbecausethefirst coils induced magnetic field is being discharged and entering the second ReGenX coil in the same magnetic direction. The effect is that the net flux penetrating the second coils core will be increased according to the magnitude ofthe magnetic coupling coeffi cient between the two coils and vice versa. 0.138. Whenthesecond ReGenXcoilisplacedonload, the powerdelivered to the loadby the first coil will be increased due to the flux harvesting feature ofthe ReCienX generator coil. Ifa conventional generatorcoil replaces the second coil inthescenario abovethe sameeffect willoccur. Ifa motorcoil replaces the secondcoilthe motorcoilsfluxwillbecollected in thefirst ReGenXgeneratorcoilas dictatedby themagnetic coupling coefficient between the two coils. 0.139 FIG. 16 shows the relative positioning between ReGenX generator coils 1610 & 1615 to maximize Flux Harvesting. 0140. When the motor coils 1620, as shown in FIGS. 16-19 receive electric current in the correct direction, the current creates a magnetic field around the motor coil with a North pole polarity 1910 which causes the North Pole rotor magnets to accelerate away from the motor coils. When the ReGen-X coils discharge their stored electro-magnetic-en ergy intothe loadwhichisphysicallyconnectedtothem,they also create a magnetic field around the coil which has the same polarity as the already receding North pole rotor mag net 0.141. The adjacent ReGen-X coils discharging flux is also collected in all the available ReGen-X coils and vice
- 20. US 2014/011 1054A1 versa. The discharging flux from the motor coils (M) enters the ReCien-Xgeneratorcoilinthesamedirectionas theNorth pole rotorflux, andthe two flux magnitudes areadditive. The ReGen-X coils electrical power output to the load is increased by the magnitude ofthe motor flux which is col lected in the ReGen-X coils core. 0142 FIG.20 shows aConcentric Ecore witha ReGen-X salientcoil mountedon the middlefingerofan Ecore, with a conventional coil wrapped around the ReCien-X coil on the outer E core fingers. The conventional coil in this embodi ment is used to Supply power to a load while creating con ventional armature reaction. Rotor flux enters the E core via the North pole rotor magnet on the middle E core fingerand returns to the rotors' Southpoles via theouter Ecorefingers. The flux directions are reversed when the South pole rotor magnet is facing the E core’s middle finger. 0143 FIG.21 showsa Concentric E corewith a ReGen-X salient coil mounted on the middle fingerofthe E core, with a conventional coil wrappedaround the ReCien-X coil on the outer E core fingers. When the ReGen-X coil discharges its stored flux, it accelerates the North pole magnets departure while attracting the approaching South pole magnet on the rotor,andtherotorisaccelerated.ArecedingSouthpolerotor magnet produces the same flux direction in the core as an approaching North polerotormagnet.Thedischarging North pole flux from the ReCien-X coil enters the external coil fingers ofthe E coil in the same direction as theapproaching rotor magnet flux, and all the fluxes are additive. The output power delivered by the conventional coil to the load is increased by the net magnitude of flux produced by the ReGen-X coilandthatcollectedbytheconventional coil.The conventional coil in FIG. 21 can be substituted for a motor coil or vice versa while retaining the fluxharvesting features described in FIGS. 20 and 21. 014.4 FIG. 22 shows the rotor flux paths for a ReGen-X Toroid Core application on no load. (0145 FIG.23 shows theReGen-X coil induced fluxpaths fora ReGen-X Bi-coilToroidCoreapplication. The discharg ing flux(hash tagarrows) from coil 1 enters coil2 inthesame direction as the rotor flux path direction and vice versa. Becausethe induced fluxes are entering the coils in the same directionastherotorflux,all thefluxesarecumulativeandthe output power to the load is increased accordingly. 0146 Bi-Filarwoundcoiliscreatedby winding two wires around the core simultaneously. 0147 Theparallel connectedbi-filarwindingisemployed when the ReGen-X coil is to be used as a motor coil or a conventional generator coil because the inductive properties ofthiscoilareidentical tothatofaconventionally woundcoil. 0148 Connecting the bi-filarcoil into a series woundcoil increasesthe coils selfinduced capacitanceand changes the on-load characteristics (when operated above the minimum critical frequency) from a counter-electromotive-torquepro ducing coil to a complementary-electromotive-torque pro ducing coil which acceleratesthesystem ratherthan deceler ating it. FIG. 26 shows input wireA 2610, input wire B 2620 and output wireA 2630. I claim: 1. A generatorhaving a resistive coil wherein said genera tor is capable ofexhibiting acceleration under load. 2. A generator coil according to claim 1 comprising Suffi cient inductance, impedance and self-induced capacitance whenoperatedatasufficientfrequencyto, intheregionsprior to TDC, disallow current to flow in the coil and store energy Apr. 24, 2014 externally around the coil in the electromagnetic field as an inductor, but will force the coil to store useful energy inter nally in the electrostatic field capacitively until substantially the momentofTDC whereinthis maximum internally-stored energy is released as a magnetic field ofidentical polarity to the receding rotor magnetic field with substantially its full instantaneous force being exerted upon the magnet pole. 3. The coil ofclaim 2 furthercomprising at least one wire winding ofrelatively reducedgauge selectedto increase said Sufficient inductance, impedance and self-induced capaci tance and wherein the coil turns ratio is increased substan tially in proportion to the decrease in wire gauge 4. The coil ofclaim3 wherein the inductance ofthe coil is increased by an amount effective to modify the magnetic force between the coil and stator magnet by at least 1% 5.Thecoilofclaim2 whereinsaiddisallowingofcurrentto flow is achieved by employing bi-filar coils and while sub stantially maintaining the prior art DC coil resistance, wire gaugeand turns ratio 6. The coil ofclaim 4 wherein said inductance ofthe coil formsatunedcircuit with the capacitance ofthe coil causing it to become self-resonant. 7. The coil of claim 2 wherein said stored electrostatic energy is releasedtobeexerteduponthe statormagnetpoleat substantially the 45 degree mark 8.Thecoilofclaim5furthercomprisingdifferentmodesof operation which can be employed at any time and in combi nation with a plurality of coils via electronic or manual switching ofdifferent coil configurations. 9. The coil of claim 8 wherein said different modes of operation are selected from the list of i. Parallel wound, parallel connected bi-filar wound motor coil. ii. Parallel wound, series connected bi-filar wound motor coil. iii. Parallel wound, parallel connected bi-filar wound con ventional (system decelerating) coil. iv. Parallel wound, series connected bi-filar wound ReGen-X (system accelerating) coil. V. High Impedance ReCien-X coil. 10.Thecoil ofclaim 9furthercomprisinga step up orstep down transformer. 11.Thecoilofclaim 1 furthercomprising Flux Harvesting wherein, when operated as a plurality ofsalient or indepen dent coils, Subject to particular positioning of the coils, the discharging flux from said coil is collected into adjacent generator coils resulting in net additive flux in the coils, including the rotorfluxplus theinduced flux from othercoils 12.Thecoilofclaim 2wherein theimpedenceofthecoilis in therange 1-10 OHM 13.Thecoilofclaim 2wherein theimpedenceofthecoilis in therange 10-100 OHM 14.Thecoilofclaim 2wherein theimpedenceofthecoilis in therange 100-1000 OHM 15. The coil of claim 5 wherein said bi-filar windings increase coil impedance and self-induced capacitance in the range of1-10%. 16. The coil of claim 5 wherein said bi-filar windings increase coil impedance and self-induced capacitance in the range of 10-100%. 17. The coil of claim 5 wherein said bi-filar windings increase coil impedance and self-induced capacitance in the range of 100-1000%.
- 21. US 2014/011 1054A1 Apr. 24, 2014 10 18. The coil claim 11 further comprising a ReGen-X coil adjacent to a motor coil such that the discharging magnetic field from the motor coil is collected in the ReGen-X coil to reduce the net power consumption by the motor coil. 19. The coil ofclaim3 wherein the inductance ofthecoil is increased by an amount effective to modify the magnetic forcebetweenthecoilandstatormagnetintherange 1%-10% 20. The coil ofclaim3 wherein the inductance ofthecoil is increased by an amount effective to modify the magnetic force between the coil and stator magnet in the range 10%- 100%