Genetic Mapping & its applications in different field of science
- 1. Genetic Maping & its applications in different field of science By 2019-ag-5302 Khadeeja Parveen 2019-ag-5303 Esha Manzoor 2019-ag-5308 Sonia Hassan BSc Hons. Agri sciences 4th B UAF Sub campus Depalpur Okara Gene:. a unit of heredity that is passed downfrom one generation to the next and is used to determine a trait of the offspring. Gene Mapping:. The methods for determining a gene's locus and the distances between genes are referred to as gene mapping. The distances between distinct places inside a gene can also be described via gene mapping.
- 2. Introduction to Genetic Mapping:. Fact Sheet on Genetic Mapping Genetic mapping gives evidence that a condition passed down from parent to kid is linked to one or more genes, as well as information on which chromosome the gene is found on and where it is located on that chromosome. Main goals of HGP:. The Human Genome Project (HGP) had a number of objectives, one of which was to develop new, better, and less expensive technologies for identifying new genes and understanding their functions. Genetic mapping is one of these tools. Genetic mapping, also known as linkage mapping, can provide solid proofthat an illness passed down from parent to kid is linked to one or more genes. Mapping also reveals which chromosomethe gene is found on, as well as the precise location of the gene on that chromosome. Genetic maps have been effectively utilized to identify the gene responsible for single-gene hereditary illnesses like cystic fibrosis and Duchene muscular dystrophy, which are relatively rare. Genetic mapping can also help scientists find genes that are thought to play a role in the development of more prevalent diseases like asthma, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and psychiatric disorders.
- 3. Performance of DNA Markers in genetic mapping:. DNA markers don'tidentify the gene that causes the disease or trait on their own, but they can help researchers figure out where the gene sits on the chromosome. This is because the paired chromosomes that make up a person's genome swap sections of DNA when eggs or sperm mature. Consider recombination to be a shuffling process. A reproductive cell's single chromosomecarries some DNA inherited from the person's mother and some from his or her father. If a gene is close to a DNA marker, the gene and marker will almost certainly stay together through the recombination process,and they will almost certainly be passed on from parent to kid together. If each family member with a particular disease or trait also inherits a specific DNA marker, the gene responsible for the condition is very likely to be located near that marker. The greater the number of DNA markers on a genetic map, the more likely it is that at least one marker will be close to a disease gene, making it easier for researchers to pinpoint that gene. One of the HGP's first big accomplishments was the creation of dense maps of markers equally spaced across the whole human genome.
- 4. Researcherscreate a Genetic Mapping:. Researchers take blood or tissue samples from members of families with a common disease or trait to create a genetic map. The scientists isolate DNA from these samples using various laboratory techniques and study it for distinctive patterns that are only seen in family members who have the disease or characteristic. Markers are the distinctive patterns found in the chemical bases that make up DNA. Applications in different field of Sciences:. Genetic mapping is a method of determining which chromosomecontains which gene and pinpointing the exact location of that gene on that chromosome. Based on the distance between two genes, mapping can also be used to determine which gene is most likely to recombine. Applications of genomic information have led to: The use of genetic data has resulted in a greater understanding of rare disorders such as cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease. Technological advancements in genetic testing, such as DNA sequencing. New medication therapies that are targeted or personalized to an individual's genetic information are being developed.
- 5. Application in the field of Medical:. Using approaches such as prenatal testing, genetics can assist health-care workers in identifying some disorders in babies before they are born. Genetic technologies are also being employed to aid in the development of disease-specific medicines. To find single gene inherited disorder:. Genetic maps have been effectively utilized to identify the gene responsible for single-gene hereditary illnesses like cystic fibrosis and Duchene muscular dystrophy, which are relatively rare. Genetic mapping can also help scientists find genes that are thought to play a role in the development of more prevalent diseases like asthma, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and psychiatric disorders. Importance of genetic factors:. In order to learn more about promoting health and preventing sickness, it is necessary to understand genetic variables and genetic illnesses. Some genetic alterations have been linked to a higher risk of producing a child with a birth defect or developmental disability, as well as the development of diseases such as cancer or heart disease. Advantages of genetic mapping:. If you get a good result, you can lower your cancer risk by making some lifestyle adjustments. In-depth understanding of your cancer risk. Information to assist in making well-informed medical and lifestyle choices. Possibility of assisting in the education of other family members about potential risks.
- 6. Advantages Disadvantages Use in medicines Irreversible use in agricultural adaptations Religion Energy and environment Very expensive Forensics