Genetics and inheritance
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This document discusses genetics and inheritance. It introduces Gregor Mendel as the father of genetics, who discovered the basic principles of heredity through his experiments breeding pea plants. It describes Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment. It also discusses sex determination and inheritance of sex-linked genes, noting disorders in humans caused by recessive alleles on the X chromosome like color blindness, Duchene muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia.
Genetics and inheritance
- 2. Genetics- is the study of heredity Heredity-is the relation between successive genes. GENETICS
- 3. THE FATHER OF GENETICS
- 4. The father of Genetics is Gregory Mendel He discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding the garden peas in a carefully planned experiment. FATHER OF GENETICS
- 5. Cross pollination-Is the fertilization between different plants. True breeding-The organisms with only one variety type (white flowers can only produce white flowers). Hybridization-Mating two true breeding, contrasting varieties. FATHER OF GENETICS
- 6. Law of segregation states that two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes LAW OF SEGREGATION
- 7. TWO TYPES OF GENETIC CROSSES Monohybrid cross-A cross between 2 organisms where we only look an one pair of contrasting traits. Dihybrid cross-A cross between 2 organisms where we look at two pairs of contrasting traits at the same time.
- 10. Law of independent assortment states that each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation. LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
- 11. Two varieties of chromosomes: The larger X and the smaller Y SRY gene on the on the Y chromosome codes for testes development. Females are XX and Males are XY DERTEMINING SEX OF THE BABBY
- 12. THE DIAGRAM TO DERTEMINE THE SEX OF THE BABY
- 13. sex chromosomes have genes for many characters unrelated to sex gene located on either sex chromosome is called a sex-linked gene For a recessive sex-linked trait to be expressed • A female needs two copies of the allele • A male needs only one copy of the allele INHERITANCE OF SEX LINKED GENES
- 14. DISORDERS CAUSED BY RECESSIVE ALLELES ON THE X CHROMOSOME IN HUMANS:
- 15. Colour blindness Duchene muscular dystrophy Haemophilia DISORDERS CAUSED BY RECESSIVE ALLELES ON THE X CHROMOSOME IN HUMANS: