Geographical information system and remote sensing
- 1. Remote Sensing System Active & Passive, Imaging, Non imaging
- 2. Remote sensing is the information about the Earth's surface through the use of sensors that are not in direct physical contact with the object or area being observed. These sensors can be mounted on aircraft, satellites, or other platforms, and they collect data in the form of images, spectra, g Remote Sensing
- 3. Common applications of remote sensing include: 1. *Land cover mapping* 2. *Crop monitoring* 3. *Weather forecasting* 4. *Natural disaster management* 5. *Environmental monitoring* 6. *Urban planning* 7. *Geological exploration*
- 4. System active remote sensing Active remote sensing systems emit energy towards the target and measure the reflected or backscattered energy. These systems can operate day and night, regardless of weather conditions.
- 5. Types of Active Remote Sensing Systems: 1. _Radar_ (Radio Detection and Ranging): - Emits microwave radiation - Measures reflected radiation - Used for land cover classification, crop monitoring, and weather forecasting 2. _Lidar_ (Light Detection and Ranging): - Emits laser pulses - Measures reflected laser light - Used for topographic mapping, vegetation analysis, and atmospheric studies 3. _Sonar_ (Sound Navigation and Ranging): - Emits sound waves - Measures reflected sound waves - Used for underwater mapping and object detection 4. _SAR_ (Synthetic Aperture Radar): - Emits microwave radiation - Measures reflected radiation - Used for land cover classification, crop monitoring, and disaster management
- 6. Passive remote sensing systems measure the reflected or emitted energy from the Earth's surface without emitting any energy themselves. They rely on natural sources of energy, such as sunlight or thermal radiation.
- 7. Types of Passive Remote Sensing Systems: 1. _Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging_: - Measures reflected sunlight across various spectral bands - Used for land cover classification, crop monitoring, and mineral exploration 2. _Thermal Infrared Imaging_: - Measures emitted thermal radiation - Used for temperature mapping, heat loss detection, and environmental monitoring 3. _Optical Imaging_: - Measures reflected sunlight in the visible spectrum - Used for land cover classification, crop monitoring, and urban planning 4. _Radiometry_: - Measures the intensity of electromagnetic radiation - Used for atmospheric studies, ocean color monitoring, and land surface temperature mapping
- 8. Imaging remote sensing Imaging remote sensing involves capturing images of the Earth's surface using sensors mounted on aircraft, satellites, or other platforms.
- 9. These images can be used to: 1. _Observe_ natural phenomena (e.g., land cover, ocean currents) 2. _Monitor_ changes over time (e.g., deforestation, urbanization) 3. _Analyze_ spatial relationships and patterns (e.g., land use, climate)
- 10. Non imaging remote sensing Regular remote sensing involves capturing images of the Earth's surface, whereas non-imaging remote sensing focuses on measuring specific properties or parameters of the target area without generating images.
- 11. Types of Non-Imaging Remote Sensing: 1. _Radiometry_: Measures the intensity of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., temperature, brightness) 2. _Spectroscopy_: Measures the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation (e.g., chemical composition, mineral identification) 3. _Scintillometry_: Measures atmospheric turbulence and wind speed 4. _Lidar (non-imaging)_ : Measures distance, speed, and direction of targets (e.g., aerosol concentration, wind profiling)
- 12. THANK YOU