Geospatial Information Management
- 1. GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Prepared By Eng. Joud Khattab
- 2. Table of Content 1. What is GIS and GIM. 2. UN-GGIM: › History and Background. › Mandates, Aims, and Objectives. 3. GIS and NSO. 4. GIS for Development. 5. Geospatial Governments. 6. Reaching Developing Countries.
- 3. Geographic Information System A geographic information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information (maps, globes, reports, and charts). GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared.
- 4. Geospatial Information Management GIM encompasses the management, leadership, structures and practices required for the successful operation of GIS within an entity, nationally, regionally or globally.
- 5. UN-GGIM
- 6. International Mandate General Assembly UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Functional Commissions Statistical Commission Expert Bodies UN-GGIM
- 7. UN-GGIM United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM). A global initiative and Inter-Governmental Mechanism spearheaded by the United Nations which seeks to guide the making of joint decisions and set directions on the production and use of geospatial information within national and global policy frameworks.
- 8. UN-GGIM: Genesis In 2009, UNSD convened in New York, on the side of the 9th (UNRCC-A), an informal consultative meeting with geospatial information experts from different regions of the world, and discussed how to better coordinate the various regional and global activities on geospatial information and the related management issues. Subsequent to the consultative meeting, UNSD jointly with the UN Cartographic Section, convened 3 preparatory meetings on GGIM: The first in Bangkok in October 2009, prior to the 18th UNRCC-AP, the second in New York, in May 2010, and the third one in New York, in April 2011. In 2010, at the 18th (UNRCC-AP), and the 41st session of the UN Statistical Commission, the issue of GGIM was also discussed. The UN Secretariat was requested to initiate discussion and prepare a report for the approval of the ECOSOC on global coordination of GIM, including the consideration of the possible creation of a UN Forum on GGIM. In July 2010, ECOSOC requested the Secretary-General to submit to the Council at its 2011 substantive session a report on GGIM. This decision paved the way for subsequent GGIM preparatory activities.
- 9. UN-GGIM: Purpose 1. Working with Governments to improve policy, institutional arrangements, and legal frameworks. 2. Addressing global issues and contributing collective knowledge as a community with shared interests and concerns. 3. Developing effective strategies to build geospatial capacity in the developing countries. 4. The value of reliable, credible and authoritative geospatial information not fully realized by many governments. 5. The lack of an agreed set of readily available and authoritative global reference datasets by specific themes. 6. Inadequate marine environment and space-based information which is needed to expand the land information base. 7. Determine the best mechanisms to provide knowledge, education and support to the newest entrants into the national geospatial arena. 8. Need to promote data sharing, accessibility and dissemination.
- 10. UN-GGIM: Regional Entities Each UN-GGIM regional entity plays a vital role liaising with the UN-GGIM Secretariat on topics of interest and major developments in intervening periods between meetings of the Committee of Experts, facilitating regional development and discussion, and formally feeding into the Committee of Experts. UN-GGIM ASIA-PACIFIC UN-GGIM AMERICAS UN-GGIM ARAB STATES UN-GGIM EUROPE UN-GGIM AFRICA
- 11. UN-GGIM: Report “Future trends in geospatial information management: the 5- 10 year vision” Available in 6 official languages: (English, Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic)
- 12. GIS and NSO
- 13. Ordinary Statistics VS. GIS This is how we get the data from the statisticians in tabular format. Data is in a raw format not suitable for GIS system directly.
- 14. Ordinary Statistics VS. GIS Clean the initial data and mapped it spatially.
- 15. Ordinary Statistics VS. GIS
- 16. Connecting Geospatial and Statistical Communities
- 17. Decision Tree on the Usage of Geospatial Data for NSOs
- 18. GIS for Development Mapping A Sustainable World
- 19. Achieve The SDGs Through: ›Data Management. ›Analysis and Understanding. ›Enhanced Collaboration. ›Sustainable Design and Planning. ›Informed Decision-making. How? ›Officials & Scientists work together. ›Break down data silos & promote sharing. ›Citizen Engagement / Participation. ›UN Funding & Technical Assistance. ›Government Policy and Standards. Geospatial Technology Role in Achieving the 2030 SDGs
- 21. GIS for Development Alignments of the Goals with specific types of Earth observations and geospatial information. SDG with most opportunities:
- 22. GIS for Development SDG Targets and Indicators that can be supported by Earth observations
- 23. Integrating with the SDG The diagram indicates how The Millennium Earth Project can directly affect and address The SDG. The SDGs are separated into tiers based on how directly the goal can be addressed. Red indicates goals which can be addressed relatively directly as they deal with urban design. Yellow indicates goals which can be analyzed and addressed with secondary and tertiary interventions.
- 24. GIS for SDGs Case Studies
- 25. Group on EO Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) GEOGLAM is a global initiative, launched by the Group of Twenty (G20) Agriculture Ministers in 2011 (Paris). The main objective: “Enhance the community’s capacity to produce and disseminate timely, accurate, reliable and actionable information on food production by improving the use of remote sensing tools for crop production projections and weather forecasting”. GEOGLAM is relying on EO including satellite data at various spatial and temporal resolutions to monitor diverse croplands and rangelands. This collaborative initiative has at its core the “Coordination of EO Data,” working closely with CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) to access specific and relevant data for free from the world’s civil space agencies.
- 26. Group on EO Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) Crop Monitor for Early Warning: Crop Conditions in Africa and Yemen as of 28 January 2017. Areas which are in other than favorable conditions are shown with the affected crop.
- 27. Algal Bloom Early Warning Alert System The Algal Early Warning System (AEWS), is a collaboration between CSIRO and the New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries - Office of Water, to develop a remote sensing approach to monitoring algal blooms in inland waters across large spatial scales. Earth observation data are used to complement traditional methods for water quality monitoring. The Sentinel 2 (ESA, Copernicus Programe) and Landsat 8 (NASA) satellite sensors offer high resolution, wide scale and frequent monitoring of water quality in inland water bodies in support of early algal bloom alerts for water managers.
- 28. Algal Bloom Early Warning Alert System Time series of Landsat 7 and 8 turbidity images for Lake Hume using the algal bloom visualization system, covering the summer to autumn period mid-January to early July 2016.
- 29. Flood Prediction System Using the Global Satellite Map of Precipitation (GSMaP) Many countries in the Asia-Pacific region have suffered from floods caused by typhoons and heavy rains. The severity and frequency of floods are expected to increase with intensification of the hydrological cycle due to global warming. As one of the most powerful nonstructural measures against flooding, monitoring and warning systems have been implemented in the region, which combine satellite-based global precipitation data such as the (GSMaP) dataset with ground observations (rain gauges, water- level gauges) thereby improving prediction accuracy of extreme weather events; and strengthening capacities of both governments and communities for pre-and post-disaster actions. GSMaP provides estimates of precipitation within river basin areas, which often extend beyond national boundaries. Flood predictions are made using calibrated GSMaP data and river run-off models. Flood warnings are transmitted by mobile phone.
- 30. Flood Prediction System Using the Global Satellite Map of Precipitation (GSMaP)
- 31. Other Case Studies › SDG6: Mapping Extent and Annual Changes in the Global Mangrove Cover. › SDG6: Earth Observation for Water-related Ecosystem Monitoring. › SDG11: Mapping Urban Growth. › SDG11: Air Pollution Monitoring for Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements. › SDG14: Using Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring of the Great Barrier Reef. › SDG15: Mapping Forest Cover Extent and Change. › SDG15: Global Forest Observations Initiative & Space Agency Support to Forest Monitoring. › SDG15: Efforts Targeting Land Degradation to Achieve Neutrality.
- 32. GIS Global Portals 1. The SDG hub. 2. SDG dashboard from Esri. 3. Earth Observation portal. 4. Global land cover. 5. GEO Query: Download global data.
- 33. GIS Interactive Projects ESRI Story Maps Esri Story Maps let you combine authoritative maps with narrative text, images, and multimedia content. They make it easy to harness the power of maps and geography to tell your story. Projects: › Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data. › The Sustainable Development Goals. › GEO in Action. › The Millennium Earth Project (Proof of Concept). ARCGIS City Engine With City Engine Web Viewer, you can interact with 3D city scenes and other 3D scenes in a browser to do the following: 1. Navigate the scene by panning and zooming and changing perspective. 2. Choose specific layers to view. 3. Swipe the scene to reveal different proposals and scenarios. 4. Search scene content for features, attributes, and metadata. Projects: › Saint Raphael, Haiti. ` ` ` ` `
- 36. Future Role of Governments in Geospatial Data Provision and Management 1. The impact of change. 2. Bridging the gap: coordination and collaboration. 3. Developing a national geospatial information infrastructure. 4. Maintaining an accurate, detailed and trusted geospatial information base.
- 37. Linking gGovernance with SDG
- 38. Open and Free Access to EO Data
- 39. Collaboration and Citizen Engagement Author (GIS Admin, Planners) Serve (Web services and processautomation) Use (Sharing & Collaboration) Government Agencies ApprovedProject Content Shared Content GIS Data Community Engagement Geospatial Technology and Design Collaborators SDG Outcome Design Content
- 40. Public Private Partnership Evolving Integrated Geospatial Knowledge Platform
- 41. The Global Geospatial Market The geospatial industry is estimated to be worth USD 502 billion in 2016. Between 2012 and 2016, the industry grew at a CAGR of 10.9%. The rapid growth in the recent years can be attributed to quicker uptake among new user industries. Developing ecosystem of geospatial technologies and services is likely to result in robust future growth.
- 42. Global Geospatial Market and Impact
- 43. Geospatial Policy Environment: Maturity
- 44. Geospatial Knowledge in Public and Private Portals
- 45. Organization Connected to GIS › UN-GGIM. › Esri. › DigitalGlobe. › Group on Earth Observations (GEO)’s. › UN-SPIDER. › institute for conscious global change (ICGC). › UNitar Projects for GIS. › GISupport at ICRC. › Global Geodetic Reference Frame (GGRF). › Geo Spatial World. › GAF AF. › Africa GIS 2017. › Open Geospatial Consortium.
- 47. Reaching Developing Countries Developing countries and their partners collect and manage large amounts of geospatial data, but these data are often not easily accessible or are not well documented and organized in a standardized way The geospatial domain is currently in full swing. Organizations are increasingly using GIS and leveraging the power of geospatial intelligence to deepen their understanding of how communities and citizens use their lands and their need for services related. It is clear that while some industrialized countries are benefiting from the contribution of geospatial technologies, particularly for the support to the management of geographic information, developing countries are facing difficulties linked to less favorable political, institutional and human conditions. GIS are expensive technologies that confine developing countries to increased dependence on technology, training and knowledge.
- 48. Reaching Developing Countries: Access to Geo-information and Services Developing countries have real difficulties to access and especially to use these space technologies for various reasons: The system of governance (the appropriate use of these technologies is based on good governance). Most of the countries experiencing a real expansion of these technologies are those with a good governance system, and transparency in the management of public goods and the market economy are well structured. The excessive weight of politics in all areas to the detriment of development. This situation which gives free rein to drifts which seriously harm the emergence of a constructive dynamic. The problem lies between the will and the implementation.
- 49. Reaching Developing Countries: How to Reach Developing Countries? The approach that we think is useful and appropriate is that of integrating new space technologies, sector by sector with the support of Financial Technical Partners. Efforts should be made on methods and means of implementation with emphasis on partnership development, institutional capacity building and forum organization with strong involvement of politics. Particularly the need for mechanisms to support their efforts in the adoption and implementation of the existing internationally-agreed standards.
- 50. UN-GGIM Arab States GIS for Middle East
- 51. UN-GGIM Arab States The members of UN-GGIM: Arab States have been actively working together in order to develop this fledgling body. They have obtained active support and patronage from their respective governments and the main government bodies or associations responsible about geospatial information in their respective countries. To this effect there has been one plenary meeting of the member states during this period. The four working groups (WGs) have also continued their activities.
- 52. UN-GGIM AS: Objectives The UN-GGIM Arab States plays its role as the formal Arab chapter of the UN-GGIM initiative with the core objective of coordinating, facilitating and enhancing the regional cooperation in the realm of geospatial information management as well as cooperating with other regional and international entities for promoting best practices in geospatial information management in the region.
- 53. UN-GGIM AS: Operational Plan of Action Activity Task Status 1 Prepare and distribute the questionnaire on the basic geospatial data, specifications and standards to Member States Done 2 Grouping and sorting the questionnaire: existing / available baseline data and geographical criteria Done 3 Study the basic geospatial data, standards and technical specifications adopted in each country Done 4 Presentation and discussion of results (Tunisia: Proposal - Doha: Committee's endorsement) Done 5 Technical proposals (components of geospatial data infrastructure and standards to be adopted) Done 6 Adoption of the proposal approved by the Arab Committee (Technical Panel) Done 7 Preparation of a work plan for the second phase, relating to the establishment of geospatial data infrastructure (data and approved standards) Second Panel of the Arab Committee of UN-GGIM February 2017
- 54. GIS Platforms in Middle East (8 country from 22) Bahrain Egypt Kuwait Lebanon Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates
- 55. GIS For Development in Arab Countries Transport: United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi DOT Deploys Enterprise GIS to Serve Transportation Plans. Environment: Yemen Water. Crisis: Syria: Story map for Syria conflict. Syria: Syrian's Displaced People and Syrian Refugees. (UNHCR).
- 56. Recommendations 1. UN technical and financial assistance: UN should support the development of comprehensive, integrative information systems, preferably utilizing GIS, geospatial technology and geo-design processes to promote accomplishment of the SDGs. UN should assist governments and experts (scientists) to build platforms for sharing information for planning, monitoring implementation, and tracking accountability. 2. Government data-sharing policies and practices: Governments should promote a comprehensive and integrated platform for data sharing among all units and all stakeholders in society (businesses, civil society organizations, and community-based organizations). Governments should develop policies, provide information infrastructure and develop education/training programs for helping officials and citizens to use this government-wide and society-wide platform for sharing data. 3. Government promotion of citizen engagement: Governments should promote citizen participation in the collection, analysis and sharing of data from all sectors and between all levels. Governments should provide ways for every person in society to have a voice in the planning, monitoring implementation, and accountability processes.
- 57. “GIS are simultaneously the telescope, the microscope, the computer, and the Xerox machine of regional analysis and synthesis of spatial data” (Ron Abler, 1988)
- 58. THANK YOU