Geotechnical Engineering
- 2. Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering • All Civil Engineering begins with Geotechnical Engineering 2 ground
- 3. Definitions • Soil mechanics is a discipline that applies the principles of engineering mechanics to soils to predict the mechanical behavior of soil. • Geotechnical Engineering is the branch of civil engineering that deals with soil, rock, and underground water, and their relation to the design construction and operation of engineering projects (Coduto 1998)
- 4. Typical Geotechnical Project 4 Construction site Geo-Laboratory for testing Design Office for design & analysis Soil properties
- 5. WHAT IT IS INCLUDES ? • It includes investigating existing subsurface conditions and materials. • determining their physical/mechanical and chemical properties that are relevant to the project considered and assessing the risks posed by site conditions. • designing earthworks and structure foundations and monitoring site conditions, earthwork and foundation construction.
- 7. Shallow Foundations(B>=D) 7 bed rock firm ground ~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground ~ mostly for firm soils or light loads
- 9. Foundation Systems • Designing of Shallow Foundation Systems – Differential Settlement Leaning Tower of Pisa
- 10. Deep Foundations 10 bed rock weak soil P I L E ~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground ~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads
- 11. Foundation Systems Deep Foundation Systems: Driven Piles
- 12. Deep Foundations 12 Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway
- 13. Foundation Systems Deep Foundation Systems: Drilled Shafts
- 15. Earth Pressure and Retaining Walls • Reinforced Earth Walls (The Reinforced Wall Company 2003)
- 16. Retaining Structure Systems • Excavation Support Systems
- 17. Sheet Piles 17 ~ sheets of interlocking steel or timber driven into the ground, forming a continuous sheet ship warehou se sheet pile
- 18. Sheet Piles 18 ~ resist lateral earth pressures ~ used in excavations, waterfront structures ~ used in temporary works
- 19. Sheet Pile Walls (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
- 20. Cofferdam 20 ~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to prevent water seeping in
- 21. Tunneling 21
- 22. Earth Dams 22 ~ for impounding water soil Reservoir Clay core Shell
- 23. Landslides 23
- 24. Earthworks 24 ~ preparing the ground prior to construction
- 25. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls 25 ~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil
- 27. GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING • Characterization and remediation of Geo-environmental hazards (from Willmer 2001) MSW Landfill (from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute 2001)
- 28. Geoenvironmental Engineering 28 Waste Disposal in Landfills
- 29. Instrumentation 29 ~ to monitor the performances of earth and earth supported structures ~ to measure loads, pressures, deformations, strains
- 30. Soil Testing Standard Penetration TestVane Shear Test
- 31. Soil Testing Cone Penetration Testing
- 32. Soil Testing 32 Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory
- 33. GeoHazards
- 34. Geotechnical Engineering Problems • How will the groundwater conditions impact the engineering project? Teton Dam Failure (1975)
- 35. Geotechnical Engineering Problems• What will be the impact of excavations, grading, or filling? • Collapse of Nicoll Highway,Singapore, 2004
- 36. Geotechnical Engineering Problems• Are natural or proposed earth slope stable? (from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, 2001)
- 37. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering • Effects of earthquakes 1964 Niigata Earthquake 1967 Caracas Earthquake (from Kramer – www.ce.washington.edu 1996) (from Alshibli 2001)
- 38. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering • Effects of earthquakes 1995 Kobe Earthquake 1999 Chi Chi Earthquake (Boulanger and Duncan 2006)
- 39. GeoSolutions
- 40. Ground Improvement 40 Impact Roller to Compact the Ground
- 41. Ground Improvement 41 Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils
- 42. Ground Improvement 42 Big weights dropped from 25 m, compacting the ground. Craters formed in compaction
- 43. Soil Improvement • Stone Columns (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
- 44. Soil Improvement • Jet Grouting (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
- 45. Soil Improvement • Compaction Grouting (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
- 46. Soil Improvement • Chemical Injection (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
- 47. 47 Thou shall not wait till the last minute to involve Geotechnical Engineers.
- 48. Any Queries?
- 49. Stay Home, Stay Safe, Stay Healthy ḷḷḷ Thank You…