1) Duplicate content issues occur when there are multiple versions of similar or identical content available on the web through a site's internal URLs or across different sites.
2) Sources of duplicate content within a site include non-www versions of URLs, URLs with session IDs or parameters, and similar content on different pages.
3) To avoid duplicate content penalties from search engines, site owners should consolidate content by using 301 redirects, prevent indexing of non-essential duplicate pages, and manage expectations about syndicated or scraped content.