Ghyslaine ppt
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The document summarizes research detecting DNA regions associated with milk protein composition in dairy cattle. The study identified regions on chromosomes 6 and 11 that influence casein and beta-lactoglobulin levels. The chromosome 6 region affected all four casein fractions and explained some genetic variants in casein genes. The chromosome 11 region influenced beta-lactoglobulin levels and explained variants of the beta-lactoglobulin gene. Identifying these DNA regions provides opportunities to use genetic selection to improve milk quality and composition for cheese and other dairy products.
Ghyslaine ppt
- 1. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Gene detection for milk protein composition in dairy cattle Ghyslaine Schopen Thursday 12th March 2009
- 2. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Milk Genomics Initiative Aim: To identify opportunities to use genetic variation to improve milk quality characteristics Milk quality: Milk-fat composition Milk-protein composition Improve: Technological efficiency (production of cheese, butter) Innovative dairy products (e.g. promoting human health)
- 3. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Milk composition Cow milk contains a unique source of bio-active components and nutrient, among which proteins Six major milk proteins: Caseins: αS1-casein, αS2-casein, β-casein and к-casein Whey proteins: α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin Milk protein composition is important for the dairy industry: Caseins are important for the cheese production
- 4. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Heritabilities for milk protein composition Ranged from 0.25 for β-casein to 0.80 for β-lactoglobulin Schopen et al 2009 Journal of Dairy Science Genes contribute to the genetic variation, however, it is not known which genes cause the genetic variation
- 5. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Aim To detect DNA regions on the cattle genome which have an effect on a quantitative trait
- 6. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Resource population 873 cows 50 bulls 5 bulls 848 cows
- 7. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Material & Methods Milk sample Capillary zone electrophoresis Blood sample DNA analyses • 1912 • 398 • Pedigree • 1 • Winter • 1 Minutes -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 AU 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 AU 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 BSA56141 BSA114802 34243 a-lac943014 b-Lg-B2130515b-Lg-A1505886 1800076577877559 1163910 1373411 2897212 4386713 a-Cas-S2143209146167315 12240316 17162117 22288018 a-Cas-S1129719819 3363020 3980421 a-Cas-S053015322 34383233821324 k-Cas25819125 5743226 b-Cas-B5112327 10199528 b-Cas-A1109282729 865930 b-Cas-A2107159931 13083832 747633 1154334 1176735 2395336 3382437 3112738 1297539 212440 3170341 950742 2134343 2924844 2757745 PDA- 214nm 11891 Name Area Pk #
- 8. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Detection of DNA regions Using 1341 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic markers Ind 1 CACCGCGCCT GGTCCC G TTT TGGCTATTCT CACCGCGCCT GGTCCC G TTT TGGCTATTCT Ind 2 CACCGCGCCT GGTCCC A TTT TGGCTATTCT CACCGCGCCT GGTCCC A TTT TGGCTATTCT Genetic markers can be used to reconstruct the inheritance from parents to offspring
- 9. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre
- 10. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Variation between cows Trait Mean CV( % ) αs1 -Casein 33.62 5 αs2 -Casein 10.38 14 -Caseinβ 27.17 6 -Caseinк 4.03 14 -Lactoglobulinβ 8.35 14 -Lactalbuminα 2.44 13 Caseinindex 87.45 2 Protein % 3.51 9 β-lactoglobulin Numberofobservations % total protein Caseinindex = (αs1-Casein + αs2-Casein +β-Casein + к-Casein) / (αs1-Casein + αs2-Casein +β- Casein + к-Casein + β-Lactoglobulin + α-Lactalbumin) * 100 Schopen et al. (2009) Journal of Diary Science
- 11. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Detected DNA regions on the genome Significant regions (Pgenome< 0.05) at chromosome 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15 en 17 Chromosome 6: region affected all four casein fractions Chromosome 11: region affected β-lactoglobulin fraction
- 12. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Variance explained by DNA regions Chromosome Trait VQTL (%) 6 αS1 -casein 6.8 6 αS2 -casein 6.7 6 -caseinβ 3.6 6 -caseinк 7.9 11 -lactoglobulinβ 28.3
- 13. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Detected DNA region on chromosome 6 and 11 β-casein 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 cM Test-statistics к-casein 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 cM Test-statistics β-lactoglobulin 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 cM Test-statistics
- 14. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Detection of DNA regions Correct for known candidate genes e.g. β-casein, к-casein and β-lactoglobulin
- 15. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre β -lactoglobulin 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 4.0% 4.8% 5.6% 6.4% 7.2% 8.0% 8.8% 9.6% 10.4% 11.2% 12.0% 12.8% % of total protein Numberofobservations
- 16. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre β -lactoglobulin 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 4.0% 4.8% 5.6% 6.4% 7.2% 8.0% 8.8% 9.6% 10.4% 11.2% 12.0% 12.8% % of total protein Numberofobservations Total AA
- 17. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre β -lactoglobulin 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 4.0% 4.8% 5.6% 6.4% 7.2% 8.0% 8.8% 9.6% 10.4% 11.2% 12.0% 12.8% % of total protein Numberofobservations Total AB
- 18. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre β -lactoglobulin 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 4.0% 4.8% 5.6% 6.4% 7.2% 8.0% 8.8% 9.6% 10.4% 11.2% 12.0% 12.8% % of total protein Numberofobservations Total BB
- 19. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre β -lactoglobulin 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 4.0% 4.8% 5.6% 6.4% 7.2% 8.0% 8.8% 9.6% 10.4% 11.2% 12.0% 12.8% % of total protein Numberofobservations BB: 6.58% AB: 8.16% AA: 9.52%
- 20. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Detected region on chromosome 11 β-LG β-lactoglobulin 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 cM Teststatistic β-LG
- 21. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Detected DNA region on chromosome 6 β-casein 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 cM Test-statistics к-casein 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 cM Test-statistics Casein Casein
- 22. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Conclusion Detected DNA region on chromosome 6 and 11 which affected the milk protein composition The DNA region on chromosome 6 affected all four casein fractions and was partially explained by the genetic variants in the casein genes The DNA region on chrosomsome 11 affected β- lactoglobulin fraction and was partially explained by the genetic variant A and B in β-lactoglobulin
- 23. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Opportunities for genetic selection Cheese production (high casein%) Health Promoting (low fat %)
- 24. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Acknowledgements Farmers Partners: Milk Genomics Team www.milkgenomics.nl
- 25. Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre Thank You for your attention! With breeding it is possible to change the milk protein composition!!
Editor's Notes
- #3: &lt;number&gt; 16/03/15 Quality characteristics are mainly related to milk-fat and milk-protein composition. Improvements may imply technological efficiency, such as production of cheese or butter, where you can think of yield or colour. Improvements may also imply innovative products, such as products promoting human health. Some examples of products with beneficial effects on human health are given on the next slide.
- #7: &lt;number&gt; 16/03/15 Quality characteristics are mainly related to milk-fat and milk-protein composition. Improvements may imply technological efficiency, such as production of cheese or butter, where you can think of yield or colour. Improvements may also imply innovative products, such as products promoting human health. Some examples of products with beneficial effects on human health are given on the next slide.
- #10: &lt;number&gt; 16/03/15