GIS Day 2015 - New Light Technologies, Inc.
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GIS combines maps with databases to allow users to analyze geographic information and relationships. It represents real world features as points, lines, and polygons on maps and can overlay multiple data layers. Attributes associated with each feature allow users to perform spatial analysis and answer questions about locations and relationships between different features. GIS is used in many fields including transportation, natural resources, city planning, public health, and more to help with tasks like emergency response, business planning, and environmental analysis.
GIS Day 2015 - New Light Technologies, Inc.
- 1. Presented by Wednesday, November 18, 2015
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- 3. GIS is:GIS is: Plus a Map A database
- 4. A Database: A Map: 4
- 5. Most Databases Contain spatial data • Addresses • Map Coordinates (Latitude, Longitude)
- 6. Spatial Data at the School Student Addresses - Where do students live? What countries are students from? What is the best route to school?
- 7. Many Uses for GIS
- 8. Uses of GIS • Transportation – road networks, planning, routing • Natural Resources – animal tracking, habitat analysis • Geology & Geophysics – geologic mapping, earthquake, volcano, other hazards mapping, mining, oil and gas exploration • Environment – land use, water quality modeling • City Planning – road work planning, utility line routing • Fire and police emergency response, communication, routing • Business – where to locate stores, where are customers • Military – targeting, best route, terrain analysis • Disaster Planning and Response – identify flood zones, damaged buildings • Tourism – National Park maps, city maps, Metro map, etc. • Epidemiology/Public Health – patterns in disease outbreaks
- 9. Uses of GIS • Agriculture • Archaeology • Architecture and Landscape Architecture • Defense • Engineering • Journalism • Meteorology • Oceanography • Law Enforcement • Urban/Regional Planning • And much more
- 10. Geographic Analysis ∗ Helps answer questions such as: ∗ Where is it? ∗ What else is nearby? ∗ Where is the highest concentration of ‘X’? ∗ Where can I find things with characteristic ‘Y’? ∗ Where is the closest ‘Z’ to my location? ∗ How are different types of features related spatially 11
- 11. Early Example: London cholera epidemic 1854 Cholera deathCholera death Water pumpWater pump SohoSoho + GIS analysis showed that the disease outbreak was clustered around a specific water supply pump. 12
- 12. ∗ Roads ∗ Streams ∗ Land Surface Elevation ∗ Land Use ∗ Parcels ∗ Buildings ∗ Utilities - electric, gas, water, and sewer lines ∗ Events – crime, fire Each Feature type is represented as a single layer in a map. Map Features 13
- 13. Features are Represented as Points, Lines, and Polygons Points - simplest element Lines - set of connected points Polygons - set of connected points that closes on itself. We use these three spatial elements to represent real world features and attach locational information to them. 14
- 14. Overlaying Data Layers ∗ In a GIS, each layer represents one type of data. ∗ The layers are overlain on top of each other and are geographically aligned. 15
- 15. Five Data Layers “Alike” Features StatesRoads CapitalsRivers Lakes 16
- 16. Features and Attributes Data or information associated with a map feature are called ATTRIBUTES. The values in the Identify box at right are attributes of the selected point. 17
- 17. Spatial Analysis ∗ Simple Searches ∗ Select features by attributes ∗ Select features by location ∗ Buffering ∗ Proximity Analysis ∗ Network Analysis ∗ Surface Analysis ∗ Line of Site ∗ 3D Visualization 19
- 18. Examples of GIS
- 19. Cross Country Movement CCM (Cross Country Movement) Analysis allows the user to model the cost (e.g. time) it would take for a given object to travel from point A to Point B given the difficulty of the terrain. For example, if a tank had to travel from point A to point B and you knew how fast it could travel on certain road types, soil types, and slopes, you could model the travel cost.21
- 20. 3D Mine with Well Data 22
- 22. Site Location and Client Distance 24
- 23. Gold Mines in Virginia 25
- 27. Acknowledgements ∗ Esri ∗ Google ∗ Prof. Sumanta Das, Dept. of Civil Eng., MEFGI, Rajkot ∗ SlideShare ∗ University of Nebraska at Kearney ∗ The University of Texas at Dallas ∗ University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point ∗ Naval Post Graduate School 29
- 28. Thank You! 1100 H Street NW, Suite 700 Historic Gas Light Building Washington, DC 20005 info@newlighttechnologies.com Website: http://www.newlighttechnologies.com/ Dan Sandhaus dan.sandhaus@newlighttechnologies.com Gus Viteri CTO, Carlos Rosario School
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