Global hunger index dr.shrikant kalaskar
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The document summarizes the Global Hunger Index (GHI), which measures and tracks hunger globally using three indicators: undernourishment, child underweight, and child mortality. The GHI ranks countries on a 100-point scale based on these indicators. In 2012, 20 countries had alarming or extremely alarming hunger levels according to the GHI. While global hunger has declined since 1990 according to the GHI, it remains serious at a score of 14.7. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the highest hunger levels. The document also discusses how land, water, and energy scarcity pose challenges to ensuring sustainable food security.
Global hunger index dr.shrikant kalaskar
- 1. -Dr. Shrikant Kalaskar, MPH-SE -Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai
- 2. • “Hunger” is usually understood to refer to the discomfort associated with lack of food. FAO defines food deprivation, or “undernourishment,” specifically as the consumption of fewer than about 1,800 kilocalories a day—the minimum that most people require to live a healthy and productive life.
- 3. • The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger globally and by region and country. • The report, produced by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Welthungerhilfe, and Concern Worldwide, focuses on the threat of unsustainable land, water, and energy use to the food security of the world's economically poorest and most vulnerable.
- 4. • To raise awareness of regional and country differences in hunger • To show progress over time • To help learn from successes and failures in hunger reduction • To provide incentives to act and improve the international ranking • To focus on one major hunger-related topic every year
- 6. • While it would be desirable to assign more than one indicator to each of the dimensions defined above, data availability is limited, especially for the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (often referred to as “hidden hunger”). • Consequently, three indicators were selected that reflect vitamin and mineral deficiencies to some extent the three dimensions:
- 7. The Global Hunger Index is based on three equally weighted indicators: • Undernourishment: • Child underweight • Child mortality Proportion Prevalenc Mortality of the e of rate of population underweig children that is ht in undernour children under GHI ished (in under age age five %) five (in %) (in %) scor e 3
- 8. • This multidimensional approach offers several advantages. It reflects the nutrition situation not only of the population as a whole, but also of a physiologically vulnerable group—children—for whom a lack of nutrients leads to a high risk of illness, poor physical and cognitive development, and death. • In addition, by combining independently measured indicators, it reduces the effects of random measurement errors.
- 9. • The Global Hunger Index has the advantage of going beyond dietary energy availability, which is the focus of FAO’s measure of undernourishment. • The GHI’s broader conceptual basis better reflects the multidimensional causes and manifestations of hunger. • Inequitable resource allocations between households and also within households are taken into consideration since the latter affect the physical well-being of children. Sufficient food availability at the household level does not guarantee that all members benefit from it in equal measure
- 10. • Data on these indicators come from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), various national demographic and health surveys, and IFPRI estimates. • The 2012 GHI is calculated for 120 countries for which data on the three components are available and reflects data from 2005 to 2010—the most recent global data available on the three GHI components.
- 11. • The GHI ranks countries on a 100-point scale, with 0 being the best score (no hunger) and 100 being the worst, although neither of these extremes is reached in practice. • Values less than 5.0 reflect -low hunger, • Values between 5.0 and 9.9 reflect - moderate hunger, • Values between 10.0 and 19.9 indicate- a serious level of hunger, • Values between 20.0 and 29.9- alarming, and • Values of 30.0 or greater are - extremely alarming.
- 12. • Minimum and maximum values not observed in practice
- 14. • No complete data available for Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bhutan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Iraq, Myanmar, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Somalia
- 15. • According to the GHI, hunger on a global scale remains “serious.” Twenty countries have levels of hunger that are “alarming” or “extremely alarming.” • The 2012 world GHI fell by 26 per cent from the 1990 world GHI, from a score of 19.8 to 14.7. • South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the highest levels of hunger with regional scores of 22.5 and 20.7, respectively. • From the 1990 GHI to the 2012 GHI, 15 countries reduced their scores by 50 per cent or more. • In terms of absolute progress, Angola, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nicaragua, Niger, and Vietnam saw the largest improvements in their scores from the 1990 to
- 17. • In terms of absolute progress, Angola, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nicaragua, Niger, and Vietnam saw the largest improvements in their scores from the 1990 to 2012 GHI. • Haiti’s GHI score fell about one quarter from 1990-2001, but most of this improvement was reversed in subsequent years. The devastating 2010 earthquake, although not fully captured by the 2012 GHI because of insufficient data, pushed Haiti back into the category of “extremely alarming.” • With the exception of North Korea, all the countries in which the hunger situation worsened from the 1990 GHI to the 2012 GHI are in Sub-Saharan Africa. • More than 50 per cent of the population is undernourished in Burundi, Eritrea, and Haiti.
- 18. • The GHI has declined somewhat since 1990, but ... … it remains “serious” with 14.7 • South Asia reduced its GHI score significantly between 1990 an 1996, but ... … could not maintain this rapid progress • South Asia in the 1990s made more progress than Sub- Saharan Africa, but … … has fallen back since, its 2012 score now higher than that of Sub-Saharan Africa
- 21. • In the pursuit of agricultural and economic growth, natural resource scarcity and degradation have generally been afterthoughts. But recent developments in the land, water, and energy sectors have been wake-up calls. • As a result of increasing natural resource scarcity—owing to population growth, higher incomes, unsustainable resource consumption, poor policies, and weak institutions—sustainable food security is now inextricably linked to developments in the land, water, and energy sectors. • Resource scarcity is already having an impact on food security. • The world’s best arable land is under cultivation, and agricultural practices have led to the degradation of significant amounts of farmland.
- 22. • As a result of growing food price volatility and food price spikes, in part driven by land, water, and energy scarcity, many countries have started to rethink agriculture and food security strategies • This rethinking provides an opportunity to ensure that these strategies are aligned with plans in relation to land, water, and energy. • Improving Governance of Natural Resources • Scaling Up Technical Approaches • Addressing the Drivers of Natural Resource Scarcity
- 23. • We need to build a sustainable world, where the degradation of ecosystems is halted or reversed and all people have access to food, modern energy, and clean water and are empowered to use them for their own well- being.
- 24. • 2012 Global Hunger Index :The Challenge of Hunger Ensuring Sustainable Food Security under Land, Water, and Energy Stresses • FCND Discussion Paper 212 A Global Hunger Index: Measurement Concept, Ranking of Countries, and Trends Doris Wiesmann