Global positioning system
- 2. What is GPS? The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S.-owned utility that provides users with positioning, navigation, and timing services. This system consists of three segments: the space segment, the control segment, and the user segment. The U.S. Air Force develops, maintains, and operates the space and control segments.
- 3. The GPS space segment consists of a constellation of satellites transmitting radio signals to users. The United States is committed to maintaining the availability of at least 24 operational GPS satellites, 95% of the time. To ensure this commitment, the Air Force has been flying 31 operational GPS satellites for the past few years. Space Segment
- 4. Control Segment The GPS control segment consists of a global network of ground facilities that track the GPS satellites, monitor their transmissions, perform analyses, and send commands and data to the constellation.
- 5. User Segment • The U.S. military uses GPS for navigation, reconnaissance, and missile guidance systems. Civilian use of GPS developed at the same time as military uses were being established, and has expanded far beyond original expectations. There are civilian applications for GPS in almost every field, from surveying to transportation to natural resource management to agriculture.
- 7. How GPS works GPS satellites circle the Earth twice a day in a precise orbit. Each satellite transmits a unique signal and orbital parameters that allow GPS devices to decode and compute the precise location of the satellite. GPS receivers use this information and trilateration to calculate a user's exact location.
- 8. Essentially, the GPS receiver measures the distance to each satellite by the amount of time it takes to receive a transmitted signal. With distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine a user's position and display it electronically to measure your running route, map a golf course, find a way home or adventure anywhere.
- 9. To calculate your 2-D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement, a GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least 3 satellites. With 4 or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine your 3-D position (latitude, longitude and altitude). Generally, a GPS receiver will track 8 or more satellites, but that depends on the time of day and where you are on the earth
- 10. APPLICATIONS GPS is an essential element of the global information infrastructure. The free, open, and dependable nature of GPS has led to the development of hundreds of applications affecting every aspect of modern life. GPS technology is now in everything from cell phones and wristwatches to bulldozers, shipping containers, and ATM's.
- 11. GPS boosts productivity across a wide swath of the economy, to include farming, construction, mining, surveying, package delivery, and logistical supply chain management. Major communications networks, banking systems, financial markets, and power grids depend heavily on GPS for precise time synchronization. Some wireless services cannot operate without it.
- 12. GPS saves lives by preventing transportation accidents, aiding search and rescue efforts, and speeding the delivery of emergency services and disaster relief. GPS is vital to the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) that will enhance flight safety while increasing airspace capacity. GPS also advances scientific aims such as weather forecasting, earthquake monitoring, and environmental protection.
- 13. Finally, GPS remains critical to U.S. national security, and its applications are integrated into virtually every facet of U.S. military operations. Nearly all new military assets -- from vehicles to munitions -- come equipped with GPS.
- 14. ADVANTAGES • GPS is extremely easy to navigate as it tells you to the direction for each turns you take or you have to take to reach to your destination. • GPS works in all weather so you need not to worry of the climate as in other navigating devices. • The GPS costs you very low in comparison other navigation systems. • The most attractive feature of this system is its 100% coverage on the planet.
- 15. • It also helps you to search the nearby restaurants, hotels and gas stations and is very useful for a new place. • Due to its low cost, it is very easy to integrate into other technologies like cell phone. • The system is updated regularly by the US government and hence is very advanced. • This is the best navigating system in water as in larger water bodies we are often misled due to lack of proper directions.
- 16. DISADVANTAGES • Sometimes the GPS may fail due to certain reasons and in that case you need to carry a backup map and directions. • If you are using GPS on a battery operated device, there may be a battery failure and you may need a external power supply which is not always possible. • Sometimes the GPS signals are not accurate due to some obstacles to the signals such as buildings, trees and sometimes by extreme atmospheric conditions such as geomagnetic storms.
- 17. INTERESTING FACTS Official USDOD name for GPS is NAVSTAR The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978. A full constellation of 24 satellites was achieved in 1994. Each satellite is built to last about 10 years. Replacements are constantly being built and launched into orbit. A GPS satellite weighs approximately 2,000 pounds and is about 17 feet across with the solar panels extended. GPS satellites are powered by solar energy, but they have backup batteries onboard, in case of a solar eclipse. Transmitter power is only 50 Watts or less.
- 18. India’s progress in GPS • The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) with an operational name of NAVIC is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system that is being set up by India, that will be used to provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and the region extending to 1,500 kilometers around India. The NAVIC system consists of a constellation of 3 satellites in Geostationary orbit, 4 satellites in Geosynchronous orbit, approximately 36,000 kilometers altitude above earth surface, and two satellites on the ground as stand- by, in addition to ground stations. The project approved by government in 2006
- 19. India now has a constellation of its own — seven satellites that make up the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System that will work together to provide accurate services including terrestrial, aerial and marine navigation, mobile phone services, mapping and land surveying data, voice navigation for cars and disaster management.
- 20. New Innovations in the field of GPS • Mahindra has launched a mobile/tablet app or desktop based vehicle connect system for its vehicles in India. The new system has been rolled out first for commercial vehicles across Mahindra's portfolio. • Dcode Technology is running a Kickstarter project for a solar powered backpack with a built- in GPS tracker. • The technology is widely used all over the world to monitor fitness levels of footballers.
- 21. One way farmers are keeping food prices down and supply up is by using GPS technology in agriculture to guide their tractors and provide more precise data for planting and harvesting. Large-scale and smaller farms alike are combining GPS with other technology, such as geographic information systems, or GIS, to optimize factors such as soil treatments and proper irrigation for various types of crops.
- 22. • Google vision • Direct to eye GPS goggles • Satellite monitoring on your footwear • PetsCell • Sony GPS CS1 • Braille City Map • GPS HookUp • GPS steering wheel • GPS Hologram • CarConnect
- 23. Now operators of fleet GPS tracking equipment can keep up to date with mobile tracking. You can use an Apple iPad, iPhone, Android, Blackberry, or even a Kindle to track a live tracking device. Now you can keep an eye on your vehicle fleet whilst out of the office. Aside from these applications , there are many more beneficial and useful ones like Watches for Alzheimer’s and GPS glasses
- 25. THANK YOU Arjun Manjooran 1561382 Reference: www.gps.gov