Global Spatial Data - Challenges, Issues & Trends
- 1. GLOBAL SPATIAL DATA - CHALLENGES, ISSUES AND TRENDS Roger Longhorn Secretary-General, Global SDI Association (GSDI) gsdi.org / rlonghorn@gsdi.org Principal SDI Consultant, Compass Informatics Ltd, Dublin External expert, International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Marine SDI W.G. Steering Group, International Coastal Atlas Network (ICAN) IOC IODE Project
- 2. GSDI’S GLOBAL CONNECTIONS • GSDI Special Consultative status with UN ECOSOC, May 2014 • GSDI links to UN GGIM (UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management) • GSDI supports and promotes the GEO Data Management Principles • GSDI on Joint Board of GI Societies (JBGIS) • MoUs with FIG, ISPRS, ICA, ISDE, OSGeo (forthcoming) IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 2
- 3. FUTURE VISIONS INSPIRATION UN “Future Trends in Geospatial Information Management: The Five to Ten Year Vision” - Second Edition, 2015 • First edition produced in 2012/2013 • Trends are supported by similar studies conducted at regional (trans-national) and national level • e.g. RICS – ‘Our changing world: let’s be ready’ - April 2015 IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 3
- 4. TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Data creation, maintenance, management – and use ‘Everything happens somewhere’ (events) and ‘happens some time’ (temporal) and ‘everything is somewhere’ (location-based ‘things’ – tangible and intangible). ‘Cloud computing – benefits and risks – “bring processing to the data, not data to the processing.” Open Source – spreading ever more widely (cost, training and support issues) Open Standards – issues resolved in the geo world? Professional data creation and maintenance Non-professional data creation and use IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 4
- 5. “FUTURE TRENDS IN GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: THE FIVE TO TEN YEAR VISION” “Governments need to see foundation geospatial information for its ‘value’, not for where it has come from or who owns it.” “Geospatial information needs to be treated as an essential component in decision-making processes, not just as a commodity that can be sold.” • Many mind-sets still need changing. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 5
- 6. microUAVs – a disruptive technlogy Growth of use in past 12 – 24 months & forecast growth (2010-2020): o global market for UAVs in 10 (2020) years will be approximately $22 billion (U.S. = 75–80% of the market). Impediments: o Regulation and policy disparity across nations (commercial use prohibited). o Privacy issues still not addressed or resolved. o Safety issues not addressed (yet – see collision stories). o ‘Official’ use versus ‘private’ use is confusing policy makers & impeding policy development. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 6
- 7. SATELLITE IMAGERY • Imagery is down in price. • Improved coverage, resolution, and timeliness – more players. • Advances in automated image processing methodology and software. • Technology offers global coverage & near 24/7. • Impact of microsatellites and clusters, example: DMCii. • Imagery companies become information companies. • “there is no value in a pixel” IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 7
- 8. SPATIAL APPS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES • Lack of underpinning spatial knowledge of developers leading to unintended results. • Lack of knowledge of IPR in data, software & services – or paying attention to licensing issues. • IPR in Open Source & Open Data • Apps development is an uncontrolled aspect of the software industry – both good and bad aspects. • New tools put apps development into the hands of everyone. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 8
- 9. TECHNOLOGY VERSUS POLICY GAP FOR SPATIAL DATA • Technology advances much more rapidly than ability of policy and regulation to keep up. • Policy makers do not always fully understand the technology – or take trends (rapid and near future evolution of technology) into account when changing policies or making new regulations. • Regulating ‘technology’ is not the same as regulating ‘data’ or products or services created using the technology. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 9
- 10. SMART CITIES AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS • Global challenges created by increased urbanisation in radically different environments • By 2050, 80% of a forecast global population of 9 billion will live in cities. • “The greatest challenge to mankind since we became social”. • Connectivity through the Internet of Things (IoT) and social media. • Need Open Data & Open Platforms to permit ready integration of datasets from multiple sources and disciplines – hence – ‘citySDI’. • Data integration issues are yet to be resolved, but will be both standards and software dependent. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 10
- 11. INTEGRATING GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION • Integrating from multiple data sources (and types) • Radically different types of data can be ‘spatial’ • Integrating from multiple data owners/custodians (access & IPR) • Standards required – what standards & who produces these? • Statistical data as a driver • Global involvement of statistical offices in SDI development • Integrating for the global 2020 Round of Censuses • Other drivers (e.g. disaster monitoring and management) IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 11
- 12. BIG DATA CHALLENGES • IDC report forecasts a forty to fifty-fold increase in data we capture between 2010 and 2020, to 40 zettabytes (a zettabyte = 21 zeros!) • or … “six terabytes of data will be stored for each of the world’s inhabitants by 2020, equivalent to the text contained in three million books” • How is different data collected? (vastly different data types involved) • Can it be combined? (integrating methodologies) • Who owns it or is official custodian? (for access and permission to use; licensing; preservation; maintenance; …) IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 12
- 13. GLOBAL RESPONSE TO BIG DATA CHALLENGES • RDA (Research Data Alliance) • Big Data Analytics Interest Group (130 members globally) • Big Data Analytics (methodologies and tools needed) • Big Data skills shortages – arrival of the ‘Big Data Scientist’ • Advances in Artificial Intelligence and machine learning • Research funding! • Encouraging Public Private Partnerships (PPP) • Moving from Big Data to Smart Data. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 13
- 14. BIG DATA INITIATIVES IN EUROPE • Socio-economic targets: • up to 30% of the global data market for European suppliers, • 100,000 new data-related jobs in Europe by 2020, • 10% lower energy consumption, better health-care outcomes and more productive industrial machinery. • European Big Data Value Association includes data providers, data users, data analysts and research organisations. • 2.5 billion euro PPP partnership agreement, operational from January 2015 • Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 14
- 15. LEGAL AND POLICY ISSUES & DEVELOPMENTS • Awareness of the data issues within the GI community. • Funding in a changing world – government v. industry v. PPP. • Open Data and Open Source software – impact. • Licensing, pricing and data ownership/custodianship. • Privacy challenges – relating to technology (microUAVs) and data use. • Liability and data assurance (data quality challenges). • Global disparities between legal and policy frameworks. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 15
- 16. SKILLS REQUIREMENTS AND TRAINING MECHANISMS • Skills for effective organisations • ‘Information Management’, not just ‘GIS’ • Analytical skills, not just programming • Extracting value from Big Data (analytics challenges) – Big Data Scientists • Education and advocacy • When to start skills development – primary, secondary, tertiary schooling? • Educational funding requirements. • Investing in research and development – very uneven playing field globally. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 16
- 17. ROLE OF THE PRIVATE INDUSTRY AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL SECTORS - ACADEMIA, NGOs, CITIZENS • Mapping & services that are for - and accessible to - the masses. • Citizen-centric mapping and location services. • Future role of the Private Sector? • Open Data / Open Source issues. • Value adding, IPR and the ‘bottom line’. • Apps development. • Standards development and adoption. (e.g. OGC as an example) • Future role of civil society (VGI and crowdsourced geospatial data)? IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 17
- 18. FUTURE ROLE OF GOVERNMENTS IN GEOSPATIAL DATA PROVISION AND MANAGEMENT • Bridging the gap: coordination and collaboration with industry, academia and citizens. • Marine spatial information (IHO Marine SDI Working Group & S-100). • Developing national SDIs – the scorecard today. • Maintaining accurate, detailed and trusted ‘official’ geospatial information. • Ensuring accessibility to spatial data for all sectors of society – businesses, citizens, academia. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 18
- 19. FUTURE TRENDS – MY PREDICTIONS • Crowdsourcing will continue to grow as advances in technology and apps development permit ever more data to be collected by ‘non-professionals’. • microUAVs and associated image processing technology will transform access to and use of spatial data globally – while adding to the glut of Big Data! • User-friendly apps development tools will lead to exponential growth in apps, especially for mobile devices. • Ever more government data will become fully ‘open’, globally – free and unrestricted access and use (by popular demand). • IPR issues will continue to plague the geo information industry. • AI developments in other disciplines will be taken up by spatial tools developers. IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 19
- 20. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION! IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 20 Roger Longhorn Secretary-General, Global SDI Association (GSDI) gsdi.org / rlonghorn@gsdi.org
- 21. RESOURCES / REPORTS – FUTURE TRENDS IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 21 • UN GGIM Report: “Future Trends in geospatial information management: the five to ten year vision” - Second Edition, 2015 http://ggim.un.org/docs/meetings/GGIM5/Future%20Trends%20in%20Geosp atial%20Information%20Management%20%20the%20five%20to%20ten%20yea r%20vision.pdf • RICS report - Our changing world: let’s be ready - April 2015 http://www.rics.org/be/knowledge/research/insights/futuresour-changing- world/
- 22. RESOURCES / REPORTS - BIG DATA CHALLENGES IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 22 • RDA (Research Data Alliance) - Big Data Analytics - https://rd- alliance.org/groups/big-data-analytics-ig.html; https://rd- alliance.org/groups/big-data-analytics-ig/wiki/rda-big-data-analytics-interest- group-charter.html; • Worldwide Big Data Technology and Services - 2012-2015 Forecast - http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/worldwide-big-data- technology-and-services-2012-2015-forecast (PDF report) • NESSI - Networked European Software and Services Initiative - (http://www.nessi-europe.eu/default.aspx?page=home) • Data Value Chain - https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/elements-data- value-chain-strategy • (UK) Big Data Analytics - An assessment of demand for labour and skills, 2012- 2017 - http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/big-data-analytics- assessment-demand-labour-and-skills-2012-2017
- 23. RESOURCES / REPORTS - BIG DATA TO SMART DATA IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 23 • http://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/home/pictures-of-the- future/digitalization-and-software/from-big-data-to-smart-data-why-big-data- has-to-become-smart-data.html • http://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/home/pictures-of-the- future/digitalization-and-software/from-big-data-to-smart-data-facts-and- forecasts.html
- 24. RESOURCES / REPORTS - microUAVs IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 24 • Links: http://unmanned-aerial.com/small-uav-coalition-pushes-congress-for-micro-uav- provision/; http://www.faa.gov/news/press_releases/news_story.cfm?newsId=18295; http://www.forbes.com/sites/gregorymcneal/2014/12/22/industry-proposes-a-micro- drone-rule-as-regulatory-deadline-looms/ • UK - http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11541504/Where-is-the-legal-line-in- flying-drones.html • Canada - http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/general-recavi-uav- 2265.htm?WT.mc_id=21zwi • George Cho paper (34 pp) on UAV policy (2013): http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/JlLawInfoSci/2013/10.html.
- 25. RESOURCES / REPORTS - SATELLITE IMAGERY IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 25 • http://www.space.si/en/automatic-optical-satellite-data-processing-chain/ • http://www.gdacorp.com/satellite-image-processing • https://www.gaf.de/content/data-processing • DMCii - http://www.dmcii.com/?page_id=9275
- 26. RESOURCES / REPORTS - EU POSITION ON OPEN DATA IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 26 http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/open-data-0 Communication on Open Data - http://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0882:FIN:EN:PDF Legislation on re-use of public sector information (PSI) - https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/legislative-measures Non-legislative measures supporting open PSI - https://ec.europa.eu/digital- agenda/en/non-legislative-measures-facilitate-reuse Open Data Portals - https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/open-data- portals
- 27. RESOURCES / REPORTS - OECD OPEN DATA IRLOGI WORKSHOP - GIS IRELAND 2015 - 1-2 OCTOBER 2015 27 • OECD Open Government Data project http://www.oecd.org/gov/public-innovation/opengovernmentdata.htm • Working Paper “Open Government Data: Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives” – http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/open-government- data_5k46bj4f03s7-en