![Journal Article 2
Extreme weather events and climate change
2011 has been a year of unparalleled extremes: 14 disastrous weather events have resulted in over a billion
dollars in property damage – an all-time record breaking number – and their estimated $53 billion price tag
doesn’t include health costs. As shown recently, in a first-of-its-kind study published in the journal Health Affairs1,
when health-related costs of extreme events are calculated, the total tally increases substantially and will likely
continue to climb due to climate change. 7 of the 2011 extreme events – a record-high number – are the type
expected to worsen due to climate change.
Climate scientists are saying that these events may be part of a troubling trend influenced by climate change 2. This
trend has also been identified by the international reinsurance company MunichRe [PDF]; they concluded that
from 1980 through 2011, the frequency of extreme events in the U.S. is rising.3 A newly-released analysis by
international climate scientists (IPCC)4 concluded that climate change will amplify extreme heat, heavy
precipitation, and the highest wind speeds of tropical storms.
We need to be prepared. Emergency planning must incorporate risks from climate change. For example, maps
describing flooding zones need to account for increased risks caused by extreme rainfall and sea level rise
resulting from climate change. While these plans are made at the local level, the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) must also prioritize addressing and preparing for climate change by providing guidance and
resources to state and local governments.
1. Protect your family from extreme weather:
2. Stay informed – subscribe to local emergency alerts and watch for updates. Make sure to have a battery
powered radio or other device in the event you lose power.
3. Stay connected – check on relatives, friends and neighbors.
4. Plan ahead – have an evacuation plan and emergency supplies on hand. Click here for information
on how to be aware and be prepared for a natural disaster. Also see the Red Cross, the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), or the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) lists for
what you need.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/globalwarmingcausesandeffects-120805014958-phpapp02/85/Global-warming-causes-and-effects-35-320.jpg)
Global warming causes and effects
- 1. GLOBAL WARMING : CAUSES AND EFFECTS
- 2. Introduction What is Global Warming? The rise of average temperature of earth’s atmosphere and the oceans.
- 3. Basic Questions of Global Warming 1. What causes the earth’s climate to change? 2. What are the effects of Global Warming to humanity? 3. How do we overcome this problem?
- 4. Q1 Answers. 1. Green House Effects Example : carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane, Ozone, Nitrous oxide, Sulfur Hexafluoride, Hydrofluorocarbons and etc.
- 5. Green house gases acts like a mirror which reflect a part of heat radiation back to the earth.
- 6. Are you for real buddy???
- 7. Of course dude! Check out the tables. Next Slide
- 8. Fig. 1: Cause for global warming: Carbon dioxide emissions in million tons per year over the last 200 years. (graph taken from http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Global_Carbon_Emission_by_Type _png)
- 9. Fig 3: From which sectors do the major greenhouse gas emissions come from? The lower part of the picture shows the sources individually for the gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, respectively. (Graph from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greenhouse_Gas_by_Sector.png)
- 10. Q1 Answers And the 2nd cause is, 2. Deforestation the state of being clear of trees.
- 11. What did you just say??
- 12. In Other Words, It is an activity of cutting out trees in the forests in with the purpose of development of that particular place, resourcing the raw material to process goods like papers.
- 13. Therefore, Massive deforestation could lead to less carbon dioxide (CO2) being absorbed (for photosynthesis process) and causing much more of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
- 14. Hmm.. I wonder how it looks like when a forest is completely destroyed.
- 15. Pictures of Deforestation Activities
- 17. I’m freaking out already, can we move on to the effects already please??
- 18. Effects 1. Rise In Sea Levels Worldwide This happens due to the melting of two massive ice sheets in Antartica and Greenland
- 19. Brown’s (2008) study indicates that if the Greenland ice sheet were to melt, it would raise the sea level up to 7 meters while the melting of West Antartic ice sheet would raise the sea level 5 meters. Even just a partial melting would have dramatic changes on the sea level
- 20. Well, that does not sound so bad.
- 21. Not that bad? Try press next and check out the pictures buddy.
- 22. Pictures of Melting of The Ice Sheets
- 25. Effects The severity of storms such as hurricanes and cyclones is increasing, 2. More Killer Storms and research published in Nature found that (quoting) :
- 26. “Scientists have come up with the firmest evidence so far that global warming will significantly increases the intensity of the most extreme storms worldwide. The maximum wind speeds of the strongest tropical cyclones have increased significantly since 1981, according to research published by Nature this week. And the upward trend, thought to be driven by rising ocean temperatures, is unlikely to stop at any time soon”
- 27. Wow! That sounded like the it really is dangerous! We got pictures for this one to show you too.
- 28. Pictures of Storms Hurricane Ivan Hurricane Katrina
- 29. View of cyclone from the sattelite
- 31. Hi, my name is Friday and I have a conclusion of all this The earth is too old to stand mess for you. up through this phenomena. Therefore, we, as the khalifa living in it are responsible to ensure the beauty of the world can be enjoyed by our kids in the future. If we, as the soon- to-be-forefathers do not find a way to overcome this problem, imagine how would the future generation survive with a climate that is hotter than it already is now?
- 32. References • http://www.wikihow.com/Take-Action-to- Reduce-Global-Warming • http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?i d=10-solutions-for-climate-change • http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natura l-disasters/hurricane8.htm • http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080903/full/ news.2008.1079.html • http://sustainablog.org/2009/06/melting-ice- could-lead-to-massive-waves-of-climate-ref
- 33. Journal Article 1 Global Warming Causes and Effects Global warming is a topic that is catching a lot of attentions because people are starting to see its catastrophic effects. Unfortunately, many of them are getting their information from certain medias and politicians that don’t have good knowledge about the causes of global warming. These sources did an excellent job brainwashing the public to believe that man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main cause of global warming. If man-made CO2 was the main cause of global warming, then how come temperatures declined from 1940 through 1970? This was a time when the industrial revolution was in high gear and CO2 levels were rising because of it. CO2 made by nature does play a significant role for trapping heat to warm the planet but man-made CO2 doesn’t because it accounts for less than 3 percent of the total CO2 level in the atmosphere. So, why are certain medias and politicians spending so much time and money to convince the public that CO2 is the main cause of global warming? The answers are usually the same when politicians are involved. It is all about power, control and money. Their hidden agenda is to put a worldwide tax on the public to help them achieve whatever they are trying to achieve. I can assure you that it is probably not good, otherwise they would not be lying to the public. You don’t have to look far to realize that CO2 is not the main cause of global warming. There are many gases that are more destructive than CO2 when it comes to trapping heat from the sun. Methane gas is one of them, it can trap 20 times more heat than CO2. One of the top contributors of methane gas is livestock. Raising animals for the purpose of satisfying our meat eating habits generate more greenhouse gases than all the motor vehicles in the world combined. Fortunately, methane gas can only stay in the atmosphere for about 8 years. The bad news is, more methane gas is being released into the atmosphere faster than it is disappearing. In fact, methane gas has doubled since pre-industrial times while CO2 has only risen about 30 percent. Unless we reduce our meat consumption, methane gas will keep on rising to dangerous levels. This will increase the Earth’s temperature, resulting in more violent storms and floods. Below is a quote from a Yale physicist named Noam Mohr. (cont)
- 34. (cont) With methane emissions causing nearly half of the Planet’s human-induced warming, methane reduction must be a priority. By looking at other facts and analyzing them with CO2, it is clear that global warming is more of a natural phenomenon and human activities are not the major contributors for global warming. Even Dr. James Hansen, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies suggested that CO2 emissions are not the main cause of atmospheric warming. Out of all the sources that contribute to global warming, the sun may be the most powerful. Take the sun away and the Earth will freeze for eternity. Ask yourself this question, if CO2 is the main cause of global warming, then why is Mars and the other planets warming up too? Sunspot activities were high in the early 1980s up to the late 1990s. Some scientists believed that this is the main reason why the Earth and other planets are heating up. Scientists from Nasa say that Mars has warmed by about 0.5°C since the 1970s. This is similar to the warming experienced on Earth over approximately the same period (timesonline.co.uk. April 29, 2007). The sun is one the biggest contributors when it comes to keeping the Earth warm and may even be the main cause of global warming. According to data collected by scientists, sunspot activities correlates to the rise and fall of temperatures on Earth. In the mid 1600s through the early 1700s, there were very little observed sunspots. This period was also very cold, also known as the Little Ice Age. Rick C. Hodgen wrote a great article explaining how Dr. Willie Soon, an astrophysicist from Harvard, explained how sunspots affects Earth’s climate. If Dr. Soon is right, within a few years, Earth’s temperature should start cooling slightly because of the lack of sunspot activities. Modern science does a pretty good job explaining how things work but it does have many flaws. Because nature works in mysterious ways, using one specific answer to solve a problem may not be the best way to go. I’m sure there are many other major factors in the universe that contribute to global warming, such as the galactic plane, planet alignment and consciousness.
- 35. Journal Article 2 Extreme weather events and climate change 2011 has been a year of unparalleled extremes: 14 disastrous weather events have resulted in over a billion dollars in property damage – an all-time record breaking number – and their estimated $53 billion price tag doesn’t include health costs. As shown recently, in a first-of-its-kind study published in the journal Health Affairs1, when health-related costs of extreme events are calculated, the total tally increases substantially and will likely continue to climb due to climate change. 7 of the 2011 extreme events – a record-high number – are the type expected to worsen due to climate change. Climate scientists are saying that these events may be part of a troubling trend influenced by climate change 2. This trend has also been identified by the international reinsurance company MunichRe [PDF]; they concluded that from 1980 through 2011, the frequency of extreme events in the U.S. is rising.3 A newly-released analysis by international climate scientists (IPCC)4 concluded that climate change will amplify extreme heat, heavy precipitation, and the highest wind speeds of tropical storms. We need to be prepared. Emergency planning must incorporate risks from climate change. For example, maps describing flooding zones need to account for increased risks caused by extreme rainfall and sea level rise resulting from climate change. While these plans are made at the local level, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) must also prioritize addressing and preparing for climate change by providing guidance and resources to state and local governments. 1. Protect your family from extreme weather: 2. Stay informed – subscribe to local emergency alerts and watch for updates. Make sure to have a battery powered radio or other device in the event you lose power. 3. Stay connected – check on relatives, friends and neighbors. 4. Plan ahead – have an evacuation plan and emergency supplies on hand. Click here for information on how to be aware and be prepared for a natural disaster. Also see the Red Cross, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), or the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) lists for what you need.
- 36. Journal Article 3 Individual and Collective Solutions Global warming may be one of the greatest threats to our planet. The impact of global warming, which is already being felt, is expected to intensify in the years ahead. Fortunately nurses can take personal action to address the challenge of global warming by making choices in their homes, workplaces, communities, and legislatures. In homes nurses can make smart choices by buying energy-efficient appliances and cars and opting for public transportation when available. In the workplace nurses can strive to reduce, reuse, and recycle in order to decrease the health care impact on the environment. Nurses can also promote the safest, most advanced methods of waste disposal, never opting for incineration, which is a polluting and outdated method of waste disposal. Nurses can also join local communities, faith communities, and organizations that are already working to reduce global warming. The experiences of the Maryland nurses, described above, illustrates how nurses can work with legislators at any level to create and implement policies that will lead to fewer carbon emissions from cars, good public transportation, sustainable communities, and renewable energy. Messages from nurses are accepted as credible and compelling since nursing is a very trusted profession. As nurses begin to understand and see the effects of global warming, their advocacy roles as well as their roles in health planning and care delivery will evolve. Conclusion It is important that nurses grasp the effects of global warming and advocate for policies and practices which will decrease the global warming process. This article has provided a brief overview of global warming and climate changes, discussed effects of climate change on health, considered the factors which contribute to climate changes, and reviewed individual and collective efforts related to reducing global warming. It is hoped that this article will assist nurses and other health care providers decrease the negative effects of global warming and thus improve the health of all people who live on the planet called Earth.