Go: What's Different ?
- 1. GO: What’s Different ? Tarun Vashisth 28th Sep 2018
- 2. Contents • Programming Languages • History • Challenges • Concurrency • Object Oriented Design • Type system and more • Presence • References
- 3. Languages
- 4. History • 1950’s: Fortran, Lisp, Algol, Cobol • 1960-70’s: B, Pascal, C, Prolog, SQL • 1980’s: C++, Ada, Matlab, Erlang, Perl • 1990’s(Internet age): Haskell, Python, VB, R, Ruby, Java, PHP, JavaScript • 2000’s: ActionScript, C#, D, Groovy, Scala, Clojure, Go, Rust, Kotlin, Swift • CULTURE ?
- 5. Challenges: Hardware limitations • A fundamental turn towards concurrency in software • Well, 3GHz CPUs -> 2004 and today -> MacBookPro@2.7GHz.
- 6. Challenges: Hardware limitations • Resort to multicore • Cannot scale indefinitely • Comes with synchronization overhead between the operations. • Increase transistor per unit area on chip?
- 7. Challenges: Multithreaded design • Traditional programming languages -> 90’s -> traditional single- threaded processes. • Multi-threading • Messy, complicated and expensive. • Significant setup and teardown costs. • We cool ?
- 8. Challenges: Multithreaded design • Real problem: • Concurrent execution • Threading-locking • Race conditions • Deadlocks. • Go: Designed keeping in mind multiple cores • Famous paper “Communicating Sequential Processes” by C.A.R. Hoare
- 9. Node.js: I don’t block • Relatively easy to write and run • Awesome V8 engine • Event loop with promises • NodeJS is single-threaded. • It cannot directly use multi-core CPUs even though it is possible to spawn different processes on several threads.
- 10. Node.js single threaded model
- 11. Go • 2009 at Google by Rob Pike, Ken Thompson, Robert Griesemer. • Primary motivation: Shared dislike of C++ • Slow compile times • Standard Library offers no real support for Unicode • Code bloat etc.. • Go is targeted as a modern C and especially as a replacement for C++.
- 12. Go • Rethinks the traditional object-oriented development • Effectively use all of the cores on your expensive server • Go has a concise syntax with few keywords to memorize • Fast complier: compiles to machine code • Built in concurrency. NO to special threading libraries
- 14. Go • Simple and effective type system • Garbage collector: don’t have to manage your own memory. • Spend less time waiting for your project to build • Looks at the library that you directly include, rather than traversing the dependencies of all the libraries that are included in the entire dependency chain like Java, C, and C++. • Taste: Objected Oriented and Functional Programming
- 16. Concurrency • Concurrency vs Parallelism ? • Concurrency: Programming as the composition of independently executing processes. • Parallelism: Programming as the simultaneous execution of (possibly related) computations. • Concurrency is about dealing with lots of things at once. • Parallelism is about doing lots of things at once. • Concurrency is about structure, parallelism is about execution.
- 18. Go supports concurrency • Go provides: • concurrent execution (goroutines) • synchronization and messaging (channels) • multi-way concurrent control (select) • Goroutines come with built-in primitives to communicate safely between themselves (channels). • A single goroutine can run on multiple threads. Goroutines are multiplexed into small number of OS threads. • Goroutine is very cheap: 2kb vs 1MB(Java)
- 19. Objected Oriented Design • No Inheritance ! No multi Inheritance problem. • Go developers simply embed types to reuse functionality in a design pattern called composition • Interface: Allows you to model behavior
- 20. Type System and more • Short variable declaration operator (:=) • type interface{} • Structs • Anonymous function • defer: To schedule a function call to be executed right after a function returns.
- 21. Type System and more • Receiver type for method declarations • Main() and Init() • Standard library • Built in Testing, Benchmarking, Packing, Tooling
- 22. Presence • Google • Uber • SoundCloud • Walmart • Docker • Bitly • BBC • Basecamp • DigitalOcean • StackExchange • Mozilla • Lyft • Blockchain startups • Facebook • Twitter • YouTube • Apple • Dropbox • Github • Games like Farmville • IBM • CoreOS • GitLab • InfluxData • Intel • Medium
- 24. References: • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(programming_language) • https://talks.golang.org • https://hackernoon.com/why-go-ef8850dc5f3c • Go in Action by Bill Kennedy • https://medium.com/exploring-code/why-should-you-learn-go- f607681fad65 • https://hackernoon.com/golang-or-the-future-of-the-dev- 984c2f145bbe • https://gist.github.com/ungerik/3731476
- 25. THANK YOU