GOAT BREED AND MANAGEMENT ONE.ppt
- 1. LMTC Kannur
- 25. 1 year
- 26. 1 ½ years
- 27. 2 years
- 28. 2 ½ years
- 32. TEATHERING
- 33. GRAZING
- 34. INTENSIVE
- 35. CONCENTRATE
- 36. ROUGHAGE
- 37. Breeding and reproduction • Goats are seasonal in their breeding habits. • Goats are most fertile in the fall. • Seasonality varies by breed and goat. • Estrus cycle lasts ~21 days. • Pregnancy lasts about five months. • Goats usually give birth to 2 to 3 kids. • Litter size is affected by breed, age, season, and nutrition. • Doe determines number of offspring; buck determines sex of offspring.
- 38. Kidding • Most does kid on their own without the need for help. • Most kids nurse on their own without the need for help. • It’s best to leave doe and kids alone unless there is a problem. • Check doe if no progress 1 hour after water bag breaks. • After 30 minutes of trying to help with a difficult birth, seek qualified help. • Make sure kids get adequate colostrum within 24 hours. • Feed week kids via esophageal tube
- 39. A healthy goat . . .vital signs Rectal temperature 102-104°F Heart rate (beats) 60-90 per minute Ruminations 1-2 per minute Respiratory rate (breaths) 15-30 per minute Packed cell volume (blood hematocrit) 22-28% avg. 28% FAMACHA© score < 3
- 40. Common health problems • Internal parasites • Digestive/Nutritional • Respiratory complex • Reproductive • Hoof • Skin • Chronic
- 41. Internal parasites (worms) Primary health problem affecting small ruminants It is normal for goats to have some parasites. Goal is to control, not eradicate parasites. Due to long-time overuse and misuse of anthelmintics, parasites have developed resistance to all of anthelmintics. Resistance varies by drug, animal, and farm. Safeguard, Ivermectin have most
- 42. Gastro-intestinal parasites #1 health problem affecting small ruminants Round worms Barber pole worm Ostertagia Trichostrongyles • Lungworms • Tapeworms • Liver flukes • Meningeal (deer) worm Coccidia
- 43. The FAMACHA© System for assessing anemia and barber pole worm infection in small ruminants Clinical Category Color PCV Deworm? 1 Red > 28 No 2 Red-Pink 23-27 No 3 Pink 18-22 ? 4 Pink-White 13-17 Yes 5 White < 12 Yes sheep goats
- 44. Digestive / nutritional / metabolic • Scours (diarrhea) – Infectious – Non-infectious • Enterotoxemia • Urinary calculi • Acidosis • Bloat • Polioencephalomalacia • White muscle disease • Floppy kid syndrome • Pregnancy toxemia • Milk fever • Poisonous plants
- 45. Scours (diarrhea) • Infectious – Bacterial – Viral – Protozoa • Non-infectious – Parasites – Nutritional – Stress
- 46. Respiratory complex • Infectious – Bacterial pneumonia • Non-infectious – Dust – Poor ventilation – Nasal bots – Lung worms – Stress • Secondary
- 47. Hoof • Foot rot (in hoof) – Infectious – Two bacteria – Contagious – Foul odor • Foot scald (between toes) – Environmental – One bacteria – Not contagious
- 48. Skin • External parasites – Mites – Ticks – Lice – Nose bots • Sore mouth
- 49. Reproductive • Dystocia • Abortion – Infectious • Chlamydia • Vibro • Toxoplasmosis – Environmental • Metabolic – Pregnancy toxemia inadequate energy consumption – Milk fever low blood Ca • Mastitis – Chronic – Acute