gold nano particles
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The document discusses the use of gold nanoparticles for cancer detection and treatment. It describes how gold nanoparticles can be functionalized with antibodies to detect specific cancer types by binding to protein markers on cancer cells. Laser-activated gold nanoparticles may also be used to destroy cancer cells through localized heating. The document also mentions potential applications for targeted drug delivery and angiogenesis inhibition. Overall, the document outlines how the optical and structural properties of gold nanoparticles can be exploited for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
![ Add 20 ml of 1.0 mm chloroauric acid(HAuCl4 to
a 50 ml beaker, solution is rapidly stir and boil.
To the rapidly-stirred boiling solution, quickly add
2 ml of a 1% solution of trisodium citrate
dihydrate[Na3C6H5O7
.2H2O]. The gold sol
gradually forms as the citrate reduces the gold(III).
Remove from heat when the solution has turned
deep red.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofgoldnanoparticles-150408025104-conversion-gate01/85/gold-nano-particles-7-320.jpg)
gold nano particles
- 1. BY Shahanoor Momin (M.PHARM) Guided by Mrs. Maushumi Kulkarni ALLANA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Pune
- 2. Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs), also called gold colloids. In a study published in the July 2007 issue of Analytical Chemistry, scientists from Purdue University use of gold nanoparticles to detect cancer cells and breast cancer. Lasers that react with gold nanoparticles could be used to destroy cancer cells. Or nanoparticles could be used as targeted drug delivery systems. procedure works by identifying the proteins found on the exteriors of cancer cells. Different types of cancer used to detect like oral cancer, breast cancer, and these cancer have different proteins on their surfaces that serve as unique markers.
- 3. Gold nanoparticles shaped like rods, use specialized antibodies to latch onto the protein markers for breast cancer. Gold nanorods could be used to detect cancer stem cells. After the nanorods bind to proteins in a blood sample, and they scatter light . Each protein-nanorod combination scatters light in a unique way, allowing for precise diagnoses. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles. Colloidal gold was used to make ruby glass (vide infra), that “gold must be present in such a degree of communition that it is not visible to the human eye”
- 4. Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems enable unique approaches for cancer treatment. Nanoparticles have optical, Magnetic, Chemical and structural Properties that set them apart from bulk solids with potential application in medicine. Gold (Au) Nanoparticles exhibit a combination of physical, chemical, Optical & Electronic properties.
- 6. Au+3 ions are reduced to neutral gold atoms, where citrate ions act as both a reducing agent and a capping agent. This formation of gold nanoparticles can be observed by a change in colour since small nanoparticles of gold are red and big particle are yellowish colour. The presence of this colloidal suspension can be detected by the reflection of a laser beam from the particles.
- 7. Add 20 ml of 1.0 mm chloroauric acid(HAuCl4 to a 50 ml beaker, solution is rapidly stir and boil. To the rapidly-stirred boiling solution, quickly add 2 ml of a 1% solution of trisodium citrate dihydrate[Na3C6H5O7 .2H2O]. The gold sol gradually forms as the citrate reduces the gold(III). Remove from heat when the solution has turned deep red.
- 8. The presence of a colloidal suspension can be detected by the reflection of a laser beam from the particles. Because a laser pointer emits polarized light, the pointer can be oriented such that the beam appears to disappear. When the beam from the laser is visible in one view, it is invisible in the view perpendicular to the first.
- 9. Before the addition of the reducing agent, the gold is in solution in the Au+3 form. When the reducing agent is added, gold atoms are formed in the solution, and their concentration rises rapidly until the solution exceeds saturation. Particles then form in a process called nucleation. The remaining dissolved gold atoms bind to the nucleation sites and growth occurs.
- 10. A colloid is a homogeneous dispersion of particles in a solution which are so small as to not settle out easily A sol is a specific type of colloid characterized as a solid dispersed in a liquid The particles experience the constant buffeting of Brownian motion which also helps to keep them in suspension. Formulation of Au nanoparticle is a three step process: 1. nucleation, 2. growth, and 3. coagulation.
- 11. Nucleation is the creation of nuclei upon which growth can occur This is a redox reaction: oxidation of the citrate ion produces the necessary reducing reagent for the gold: acetone dicarboxylic acid The acetone dicarboxylic acid is the limiting reagent for nucleation The formation of this molecule in the solution creates an induction period before which no product can be seen The nature of the nucleation curve is evidence of an autocatalytic reaction
- 12. Growth is the addition of more gold particles to the existing nuclei. The process of growth stops when all of the gold is used. The rate of growth is a first order in the gold nuclei size.
- 13. Creation of the larger gold particles, such as 20 nm, requires a coagulation of multiple (smaller) twins of various shapes A conglomeration of multiple nuclei into particles can be large enough to disturb the stability and fall out of the colloid Control of the coagulation process during preparation determines the size, structure, and size distribution of the particle
- 14. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels is essential for the growth and progression of tumors. Angiogenesis is also important for the promotion and maintenance of other diseases like neoplasia and rheumatoid arthritis. Nanogold particles binds to heparin binding growth factor like VEGF165 and bFGF and inhibit their activity and prevent progress of diseases. But GNPs does not inhibit the activity of non heparin-binding growth factors like VEGF121 and Endothelial Growth Factor (EGF)
- 15. Gold nanoparticle is simple for diagnosis. It is less invasive. It is provides increased contrast for diagnosis of oral cancer. It is nontoxic to human beings. It does not photobleaching or blinking which is inherent to many other fluorophores.
- 16. Opticle signal of nanoparticles may not be as strong as quantum dot. It exhibits difficulties like biocompatibility, in vivo kinetics, and tumour target efficacy. It leads to acute and chronic toxicity. Reticuloendothelial system gets affected in presence of gold nanoparticle.
- 17. APPLICATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES The peptide functionalised gold nanoparticles that we synthesised are very effective in the deliberate activation or inhibition of angiogenic genes. As compared to other metallic nanostructure , GNPs provide advantage of their simple and fast preparation and bioconjugation. The researchers also found that the gold particles could be used as effective tools in cellular nanosurgery.
- 18. Gold nanoparticle detect the various cancer like breast cancer, oral cancer , respiratory cancer, and other diseases like neoplasia and rheumatoid arthritis. The functionalized gold nanoparticles selectively attach to the aggregate of amyloidal protein formed in Alzheimer Disease. The microwaves of certain frequency are irradiated on the sample. Resonance with the gold nanoparticles increases the local temperature and destroy the aggregate.
- 19. Gold Nanotechnology in the age of innovation is gold for good.
- 20. Parvesh Sharma, Scott C Brown, NiclasBengtsson, et al. Gold- nanoparticle. Helcher, H. H.AurumPotabileoder Gold Tinstur; J. HerbordKlossen: Breslau and Leipzig, 1718. WeiboCai, Ting Gao, Hao Hong, et al. Applications of goldnanoparticles in cancer nanotechnology. Nanotechnology, Science and Applications 2008;1:17-32. Huang X, El-Sayed IH, Qian W, El-Sayed MA. Cancer cell imaging and photo thermal therapy in the nearinfraredregion by using gold nanorods. J Am ChemSoc 2006;128:2115–20.Gold Nanorod Antennas for Ultra selective Tumor Ablation. Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 2000;407:249^57. RisauW. Angiogenesis and endothelial cell function.Arzneimittelforschung1994;44:1141^6.