Google Sheets Basic to Advanced Formulas Book.docx

Spreadsheet Software: Programs like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets that help you keep
track of numbers and organize information.
Worksheet: A single page in a spreadsheet. It’s a grid of boxes where you can put data. In
Google Sheets, these pages are called “sheets.”
Spreadsheet [Google Sheets]: A file with one or more pages (sheets) in it.
Workbook [Excel]: A file with multiple pages (worksheets) inside it.
Cell: A small box in a worksheet where you can enter data or formulas.
Cell Reference: The address of a cell, shown by a letter and a number. For example, D7
means the cell in column D and row 7.
Cell Range: A group of connected cells. It’s described by the start and end points. For example,
A1:C3 includes all cells from columns A, B, and C, and rows 1, 2, and 3. This helps with
calculations or formatting many cells at once.
Formula: A set of instructions that does math. It starts with an equal sign (=) and can include
numbers, symbols, and cell addresses.
Basic Formulas
1. SUM(range)
○ Adds all numbers in the specified range.
○ Example: =SUM(A1:A10) adds all values from cells A1 to A10.
2. AVERAGE(range)
○ Calculates the average of numbers in a range.
○ Example: =AVERAGE(B1:B10) returns the average of values from cells B1 to B10.
3. MIN(range)
○ Finds the smallest number in a range.
○ Example: =MIN(C1:C10) returns the smallest value in C1 to C10.
4. MAX(range)
○ Finds the largest number in a range.
○ Example: =MAX(D1:D10) returns the largest value in D1 to D10.
5. COUNT(range)
○ Counts the number of numerical values in a range.
○ Example: =COUNT(E1:E10) returns the count of numbers in the E1 to E10 range.
6. COUNTA(range)
○ Counts all non-empty cells in a range.
○ Example: =COUNTA(F1:F10) counts the number of non-empty cells in the F1 to
F10 range.
7. IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
○ Tests a condition and returns one value if true, another if false.
○ Example: =IF(G1>50, "Pass", "Fail") returns "Pass" if G1 is greater than 50,
otherwise "Fail".

Intermediate Formulas
8. VLOOKUP(search_key, range, index, [is_sorted])
○ Looks for a value in the first column of a range and returns a value in the same
row from another column.
○ Example: =VLOOKUP("Apple", A1:C10, 2, FALSE) looks for "Apple" in column A
and returns the value from the 2nd column.
9. HLOOKUP(search_key, range, index, [is_sorted])
○ Similar to VLOOKUP but searches horizontally across the first row of a range.
○ Example: =HLOOKUP("Price", A1:F10, 3, FALSE) finds "Price" in the first row and
returns the value from the 3rd row.
10. INDEX(range, row, [column])
○ Returns the value of a cell at a given row and column number in a specified
range.
○ Example: =INDEX(A1:C10, 4, 2) returns the value in the 4th row and 2nd column
of A1.
11. MATCH(search_key, range, [search_type])
○ Returns the relative position of an item in a range.
○ Example: =MATCH("Banana", A1:A10, 0) returns the position of "Banana" in the
range.
12. CONCATENATE(value1, value2, ...)
○ Joins multiple values together.
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("Hello ", "World!") returns "Hello World!".
13. TEXT(value, format)
○ Formats a number as text using a specified format.
○ Example: =TEXT(1234.567, "$#,##0.00") returns "$1,234.57".

Advanced Formulas
14. ARRAYFORMULA(formula)
○ Applies a formula to a range of cells instead of a single cell.
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 * B1:B10) multiplies corresponding values
in A1
and B1.
15. IMPORTRANGE(spreadsheet_url, range_string)
○ Imports a range of data from another Google Sheets document.
○ Example: =IMPORTRANGE("https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/xyz",
"Sheet1!A1:B10") imports data from another sheet.
16. QUERY(data, query, [headers])
○ Runs a SQL-like query on a dataset.
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT A, B WHERE C > 50") selects columns A and
B where column C is greater than 50.
17. SPARKLINE(data, [options])
○ Creates a mini chart in a cell.
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10) creates a line chart for data in A1.
18. OFFSET(reference, rows, cols, [height], [width])
○ Returns a reference that is offset from a given starting point.
○ Example: =OFFSET(A1, 3, 2) returns the value in the cell 3 rows down and 2
columns right of A1.
19. FILTER(range, condition1, [condition2, ...])
○ Filters a range of data based on a condition.
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, B1:B10 > 100) returns rows where column B is
greater than 100.
20. ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(range, num_rows, num_cols)
○ Restricts the number of rows and columns in an array.
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(A1:C10, 5, 2) limits the range to the first 5 rows
and 2 columns.
21. IMPORTXML(url, xpath_query)
○ Imports data from a web page using the XPath query language.
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://example.com", "//h1") extracts all <h1> tags
from the web page.
22. TRANSPOSE(array_or_range)
○ Flips a vertical range to horizontal or vice versa.
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:B10) converts the rows into columns.
Note: Other advanced formulas are available on the details page beyond just the ones
mentioned above! (i.e. COUNTIF, SUMIF, AVERAGEIF, etc.)

Date-Based Formulas
1. TODAY()
○ Returns the current date.
○ Example: =TODAY() would return today's date, such as 2024-08-30.
2. NOW()
○ Returns the current date and time.
○ Example: =NOW() would return the current date and time, such as 2024-08-30
14:35:00.
3. DATE(year, month, day)
○ Creates a date from individual year, month, and day components.
○ Example: =DATE(2024, 8, 30) returns 2024-08-30.
4. YEAR(date)
○ Extracts the year from a date.
○ Example: =YEAR("2024-08-30") returns 2024.
5. MONTH(date)
○ Extracts the month from a date (1 for January, 12 for December).
○ Example: =MONTH("2024-08-30") returns 8.
6. DAY(date)
○ Extracts the day of the month from a date.
○ Example: =DAY("2024-08-30") returns 30.
7. WEEKDAY(date, [type])
○ Returns a number representing the day of the week (1 for Sunday to 7 for
Saturday by default).
○ Example: =WEEKDAY("2024-08-30") returns 6 (Friday if Sunday is the first day of
the week).
8. EDATE(start_date, months)
○ Adds or subtracts a specific number of months from a date.
○ Example: =EDATE("2024-08-30", 3) returns 2024-11-30, which is 3 months later.
9. EOMONTH(start_date, months)
○ Returns the last day of the month, after adding or subtracting a specified number
of months.
○ Example: =EOMONTH("2024-08-30", 1) returns 2024-09-30 (last day of the next
month).
10. DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)
○ Calculates the difference between two dates in terms of days, months, or years.
○ Example: =DATEDIF("2020-01-01", "2024-08-30", "Y") returns 4 (years).
11. WORKDAY(start_date, days, [holidays])
○ Calculates the date after a specific number of working days (excluding
weekends).
○ Example: =WORKDAY("2024-08-30", 10) returns 2024-09-13, skipping
weekends.
12. NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date, [holidays])
○ Returns the number of working days between two dates (excluding weekends).

○ Example: =NETWORKDAYS("2024-08-01", "2024-08-30") returns 22 (if there are
no holidays).
13. TEXT(date, format)
○ Formats a date as text in a specific format.
○ Example: =TEXT("2024-08-30", "MMMM DD, YYYY") returns "August 30, 2024".
14. WEEKNUM(date, [type])
○ Returns the week number of the year for a date.
○ Example: =WEEKNUM("2024-08-30") returns 35, as it’s the 35th week of the
year.
15. ISOWEEKNUM(date)
○ Returns the ISO week number of the year for a date (ISO standard starts on
Monday).
○ Example: =ISOWEEKNUM("2024-08-30") returns 35.
Important Notes:
● On the actual page, more details are provided. Different CASE-based formulas and
other important formulas are explained there, beyond just those mentioned above.
● Ultimate Learning Flow: Theory + Use Cases + Examples/Practical Based
Learning.
Arithmetic Operators Use Cases
1. Addition (+)
○ Example: =A1 + B1
○ Explanation: Adds the values in A1 and B1 together.
2. Subtraction (-)
○ Example: =A1 - B1
○ Explanation: Subtracts the value in B1 from A1.
3. Multiplication (*)
○ Example: =A1 * B1
○ Explanation: Multiplies the values in A1 and B1.
4. Division (/)
○ Example: =A1 / B1
○ Explanation: Divides the value in A1 by the value in B1.
5. Exponentiation (^)
○ Example: =A1 ^ 2
○ Explanation: Raises the value in A1 to the power of 2 (squares the value in A1).
6. Modulus (MOD)
○ Example: =MOD(A1, B1)
○ Explanation: Returns the remainder when A1 is divided by B1.
7. Sum of a Range
○ Example: =A1 + A2 + A3 + A4
○ Explanation: Adds multiple values together.
8. Adding a Constant Value
○ Example: =A1 + 10

○ Explanation: Adds the value in A1 to a constant number (10 in this case).
9. Subtraction with Negative Results
○ Example: =A1 - 100
○ Explanation: Subtracts 100 from A1, which can result in a negative value.
10. Combined Operations
○ Example: =A1 + B1 - C1 * D1 / E1
○ Explanation: Performs multiple arithmetic operations in one formula. The order
follows the BODMAS (Brackets, Orders, Division/Multiplication,
Addition/Subtraction) rule.
Comparison Operators Use Cases
1. Equal To (=)
○ Example: =A1 = B1
○ Explanation: Checks if the value in A1 is equal to the value in B1. Returns TRUE
if they are equal, otherwise FALSE.
2. Not Equal To (<>)
○ Example: =A1 <> B1
○ Explanation: Checks if the value in A1 is not equal to the value in B1. Returns
TRUE if they are not equal, otherwise FALSE.
3. Greater Than (>)
○ Example: =A1 > B1
○ Explanation: Checks if the value in A1 is greater than the value in B1. Returns
TRUE if true, otherwise FALSE.
4. Greater Than or Equal To (>=)
○ Example: =A1 >= B1
○ Explanation: Checks if the value in A1 is greater than or equal to the value in
B1. Returns TRUE if true, otherwise FALSE.
5. Less Than (<)
○ Example: =A1 < B1
○ Explanation: Checks if the value in A1 is less than the value in B1. Returns
TRUE if true, otherwise FALSE.
6. Less Than or Equal To (<=)
○ Example: =A1 <= B1
○ Explanation: Checks if the value in A1 is less than or equal to the value in B1.
Returns TRUE if true, otherwise FALSE.
7. Text Comparison
○ Example: ="apple" = "apple"

○ Explanation: Checks if two text strings are equal. Returns TRUE if they match
exactly, otherwise FALSE.
8. Date Comparison
○ Example: =A1 > TODAY()
○ Explanation: Checks if the date in A1 is after today’s date. Returns TRUE if the
date is in the future, otherwise FALSE.
9. Number Range Check
○ Example: =AND(A1 > 10, A1 < 20)
○ Explanation: Checks if the value in A1 is between 10 and 20. Returns TRUE if
both conditions are satisfied.
10. Conditional Formulas
○ Example: =IF(A1 >= 100, "Pass", "Fail")
○ Explanation: Uses a comparison operator to evaluate if A1 is greater than or
equal to 100. Returns "Pass" if true, otherwise returns "Fail".
11. Comparison with Boolean Values
○ Example: =A1 = TRUE
○ Explanation: Checks if A1 contains the boolean value TRUE. Returns TRUE if
true, otherwise FALSE.
12. Complex Conditions Using IF
○ Example: =IF(A1 > B1, "A1 is larger", "B1 is larger or equal")
○ Explanation: Compares A1 and B1, and returns different text based on the
result.
13. Array Comparison
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A5 > B1:B5)
○ Explanation: Compares the values in the range A1
with corresponding values in B1
, returning an array of TRUE or FALSE based on the comparison.
14. Sum of Positive Values Only
○ Example: =SUMIF(A1:A10, ">0")
○ Explanation: Adds only the positive numbers in the range A1
.
15. Division with Error Handling
○ Example: =IF(B1 = 0, "Error", A1 / B1)
○ Explanation: Checks if B1 is 0 to avoid division by zero errors, and if true,
returns "Error", otherwise performs the division.

Mixed Use of Arithmetic and Comparison Operators
Note: Please review the information below after finishing the advanced formula section.
1. Complex Condition with Arithmetic
○ Example: =IF(A1 + B1 > 100, "High", "Low")
○ Explanation: Adds A1 and B1, then checks if the sum is greater than 100. If true,
returns "High"; otherwise, returns "Low".
2. Checking Calculated Values
○ Example: =IF(A1 * 2 >= 50, "Large", "Small")
○ Explanation: Multiplies A1 by 2 and checks if the result is greater than or equal
to 50. If true, returns "Large"; otherwise, returns "Small".
3. Using Multiple Comparisons Together
○ Example: =IF(AND(A1 > 0, B1 <= 10), "Valid", "Invalid")
○ Explanation: Checks if A1 is positive and B1 is less than or equal to 10. If both
are true, returns "Valid"; otherwise, returns "Invalid".
4. Logical Testing of Multiple Criteria
○ Example: =IF(OR(A1 + B1 > 10, C1 * D1 < 5), "Condition Met", "Condition Not
Met")
○ Explanation: Uses both addition and multiplication in a logical test. Returns
"Condition Met" if either condition is satisfied.
5. Conditional Discounts Based on Arithmetic Results
○ Example: =IF(A1 * B1 > 1000, A1 * B1 * 0.9, A1 * B1)
○ Explanation: Applies a 10% discount if the product of A1 and B1 is greater than
1000, otherwise returns the regular product.
Use Cases for the SUM Formula
1. Basic Sum of a Range
○ Example: =SUM(A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Adds all the values in the range A1 to A5.
2. Sum of Specific Cells
○ Example: =SUM(A1, B1, C1)
○ Explanation: Adds the values in cells A1, B1, and C1.
3. Sum of Multiple Ranges
○ Example: =SUM(A1:A5, B1:B5)

○ Explanation: Adds the values from both ranges A1
and B1.
4. Sum with Numbers and Cell References
○ Example: =SUM(10, A1, B1)
○ Explanation: Adds the value 10, the value in cell A1, and the value in cell B1.
5. Sum with Ignoring Text
○ Explanation: Automatically ignores any text or non-numeric values in the range
and adds only numbers.
6. Sum with Conditions (using IF inside an Array Formula)
○ Example: =SUM(IF(A1:A5 > 10, A1:A5, 0))
○ Explanation: Adds only the values greater than 10 in the range A1.
7. Summing a Dynamic Range
○ Example: =SUM(INDIRECT("A1:A" & C1))
○ Explanation: Dynamically sums the range A1 to the row specified in cell C1.
8. Sum with Constant Values
○ Example: =SUM(5, 10, 15)
○ Explanation: Adds the constants 5, 10, and 15, resulting in 30.
9. Sum with Blank Cells
○ Explanation: Adds all numeric values in A1
and ignores blank cells.
10. Sum of Array Formula
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(SUM(A1:A5 * B1:B5))
○ Explanation: Multiplies corresponding values in ranges A1
and B1, then sums the result.
11. Sum with Error Handling (using IFERROR)
○ Example: =SUM(IFERROR(A1:A5, 0))
○ Explanation: Adds the values in A1
and treats errors as 0.
12. Sum with Dates (used in financial calculations)
○ Explanation: Adds any numeric date values in the range A1
(typically useful in date-based calculations).
13. Sum Across Sheets
○ Example: =SUM(Sheet1!A1:A5, Sheet2!A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Adds values from the range A1
across two different sheets.
14. Sum in a Filtered Range (using SUBTOTAL)
○ Example: =SUBTOTAL(9, A1:A10)
○ Explanation: Adds only the visible rows in a filtered range (function code 9
represents SUM in SUBTOTAL).
15. Sum with Negative Numbers
○ Explanation: Adds both positive and negative numbers in the range A1.

16. Summing Entire Columns or Rows
○ Example: =SUM(A:A)
○ Explanation: Adds all the values in the entire column A.
17. Sum with Named Ranges
○ Example: =SUM(MyRange)
○ Explanation: Adds all the values in the named range MyRange.
18. Summing with Logical Operators (using SUMIF)
○ Example: =SUMIF(A1:A10, ">10")
○ Explanation: Adds the values in A1
that are greater than 10.
19. Sum with Different Cell Formats (e.g., Currency)
○ Explanation: Adds values even if they are formatted as currency, percentages,
etc.
20. Sum of Cells with Specific Criteria (using SUMIFS)
○ Example: =SUMIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10, ">5", C1:C10, "<10")
○ Explanation: Adds the values in A1 where corresponding values in B1 are
greater than 5 and C1 are less than 10.
Use Cases for the AVERAGE Formula
1. Basic Average of a Range
○ Example: =AVERAGE(A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Calculates the average of the values in the range A1 to A5.
2. Average of Specific Cells
○ Example: =AVERAGE(A1, B1, C1)
○ Explanation: Calculates the average of the values in cells A1, B1, and C1.
3. Average of Multiple Ranges
○ Example: =AVERAGE(A1:A5, B1:B5)
○ Explanation: Calculates the average of values from both ranges A1
and B1.
4. Average Ignoring Blank Cells
○ Explanation: Calculates the average of the numeric values in A1
, ignoring any blank cells.
5. Average with Text Ignored
○ Explanation: Automatically ignores any text or non-numeric values in the range
and averages only numbers.
6. Average with Error Handling (using IFERROR)
○ Example: =AVERAGE(IFERROR(A1:A5, 0))
○ Explanation: Calculates the average of values in A1
, treating errors as 0.
7. Average with Conditions (using AVERAGEIF)
○ Example: =AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, ">10")

○ Explanation: Averages the values in A1
that are greater than 10.
8. Average with Multiple Conditions (using AVERAGEIFS)
○ Example: =AVERAGEIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10, ">5", C1:C10, "<10")
○ Explanation: Averages the values in A1
where corresponding values in B1
are greater than 5 and C1
are less than 10.
9. Average of Filtered Data (using SUBTOTAL)
○ Explanation: Averages only the visible rows in a filtered range (function code 1
represents AVERAGE in SUBTOTAL).
10. Average with Dynamic Range
○ Example: =AVERAGE(INDIRECT("A1:A" & C1))
○ Explanation: Dynamically averages the range A1 to the row number specified in
cell C1.
11. Average Across Sheets
○ Example: =AVERAGE(Sheet1!A1:A5, Sheet2!A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Averages values from the range A1
12. Average with Named Ranges
○ Example: =AVERAGE(MyRange)
○ Explanation: Averages all the values in the named range MyRange.
13. Average of Entire Column or Row
○ Example: =AVERAGE(A:A)
○ Explanation: Averages all the numeric values in the entire column A.
14. Weighted Average (using SUMPRODUCT and SUM)
○ Example: =SUMPRODUCT(A1:A5, B1:B5) / SUM(B1:B5)
○ Explanation: Calculates the weighted average of A1
based on the weights in B1.
15. Average of Dates
○ Explanation: Calculates the average date if A1
contains dates, giving you a midpoint date.
16. Average with Array Formula
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(AVERAGE(A1:A5 * B1:B5))
○ Explanation: Calculates the product's average of corresponding values in A1
and B1.
17. Average with Time Data
○ Explanation: Calculates the average of time values in A1
, useful for computing average durations.
18. Average with Data Converted from Text to Numbers

○ Example: =AVERAGE(VALUE(A1:A5))
○ Explanation: Converts text-formatted numbers in A1
to actual numbers and then calculates the average.
19. Average of Non-Contiguous Cells
○ Example: =AVERAGE(A1, A3, A5)
○ Explanation: Averages non-contiguous cells A1, A3, and A5.
Use Cases for the MIN Formula
1. Basic Minimum of a Range
○ Example: =MIN(A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value in the range A1 to A5.
2. Minimum of Specific Cells
○ Example: =MIN(A1, B1, C1)
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value among cells A1, B1, and C1.
3. Minimum of Multiple Ranges
○ Example: =MIN(A1:A5, B1:B5)
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value from both ranges A1
and B1.
4. Minimum Ignoring Blank Cells
○ Explanation: Finds the minimum value in A1
while ignoring any blank cells.
5. Minimum with Text Ignored
○ Explanation: Automatically ignores text or non-numeric values and finds the
smallest number in the range.
6. Minimum with Error Handling (using IFERROR)
○ Example: =MIN(IFERROR(A1:A5, 0))
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value in A1
, treating errors as 0 to avoid calculation issues.
7. Minimum with Conditions (using IF in Array Formula)
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(MIN(IF(A1:A10 > 10, A1:A10)))
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value in A1
that is greater than 10.
8. Minimum of Filtered Data (using SUBTOTAL)
○ Explanation: Finds the minimum of the visible rows in a filtered range (function
code 5 represents MIN in SUBTOTAL).
9. Minimum with Dynamic Range
○ Example: =MIN(INDIRECT("A1:A" & C1))
○ Explanation: Dynamically finds the smallest value from range A1 to the row
number specified in cell C1.
10. Minimum Across Sheets
○ Example: =MIN(Sheet1!A1:A5, Sheet2!A1:A5)

○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value in the range A1
11. Minimum with Named Ranges
○ Example: =MIN(MyRange)
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value in the named range MyRange.
12. Minimum of Entire Column or Row
○ Example: =MIN(A:A)
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value in the entire column A.
13. Minimum with Dates
○ Explanation: Finds the earliest date if A1
contains date values.
14. Minimum with Array Formula
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(MIN(A1:A5 * B1:B5))
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value resulting from multiplying corresponding
values in A1
and B1.
15. Minimum with Time Data
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest time value in A1, useful for determining the
shortest time.
16. Minimum with Non-Contiguous Cells
○ Example: =MIN(A1, A3, A5)
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value among the non-contiguous cells A1, A3,
and A5.
17. Minimum with Data Converted from Text to Numbers
○ Example: =MIN(VALUE(A1:A5))
to actual numbers and finds the minimum.
Use Cases for the MAX Formula
1. Basic Maximum of a Range
○ Example: =MAX(A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Finds the largest value in the range A1 to A5.
2. Maximum of Specific Cells
○ Example: =MAX(A1, B1, C1)
○ Explanation: Finds the largest value among cells A1, B1, and C1.
3. Maximum of Multiple Ranges
○ Example: =MAX(A1:A5, B1:B5)
○ Explanation: Finds the largest value from both ranges A1
and B1.
4. Maximum Ignoring Blank Cells

○ Explanation: Finds the largest value in A1
5. Maximum with Text Ignored
○ Explanation: Automatically ignores text or non-numeric values and finds the
largest number in the range.
6. Maximum with Error Handling (using IFERROR)
○ Example: =MAX(IFERROR(A1:A5, 0))
, treating errors as 0 to avoid calculation issues.
7. Maximum with Conditions (using IF in Array Formula)
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(MAX(IF(A1:A10 > 10, A1:A10)))
that is greater than 10.
8. Maximum of Filtered Data (using SUBTOTAL)
○ Explanation: Finds the maximum of the visible rows in a filtered range (function
code 4 represents MAX in SUBTOTAL).
9. Maximum with Dynamic Range
○ Example: =MAX(INDIRECT("A1:A" & C1))
○ Explanation: Dynamically finds the largest value from range A1 to the row
10. Maximum Across Sheets
○ Example: =MAX(Sheet1!A1:A5, Sheet2!A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Finds the largest value in the range A1
11. Maximum with Named Ranges
○ Example: =MAX(MyRange)
○ Explanation: Finds the largest value in the named range MyRange.
12. Maximum of Entire Column or Row
○ Example: =MAX(A:A)
○ Explanation: Finds the largest value in the entire column A.
13. Maximum with Dates
○ Explanation: Finds the latest date if A1
contains date values.
14. Maximum with Array Formula
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(MAX(A1:A5 * B1:B5))
○ Explanation: Finds the largest value resulting from multiplying corresponding
values in A1
and B1.
15. Maximum with Time Data

○ Explanation: Finds the latest time value in A1, useful for determining the longest
duration.
16. Maximum with Non-Contiguous Cells
○ Example: =MAX(A1, A3, A5)
○ Explanation: Finds the largest value among the non-contiguous cells A1, A3,
and A5.
17. Maximum with Data Converted from Text to Numbers
○ Example: =MAX(VALUE(A1:A5))
to actual numbers and finds the maximum.
Use Cases for the COUNT Formula
1. Basic Count of Numbers in a Range
○ Example: =COUNT(A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Counts the number of numeric values in the range A1 to A5.
2. Count of Specific Cells
○ Example: =COUNT(A1, B1, C1)
○ Explanation: Counts how many of the specific cells A1, B1, and C1 contain
numbers.
3. Count Across Multiple Ranges
○ Example: =COUNT(A1:A5, B1:B5)
○ Explanation: Counts the numeric values across both ranges A1
and B1.
4. Count Ignoring Blank Cells
○ Explanation: Counts the number of numeric values in A1
5. Count Ignoring Text
○ Explanation: Counts only the numeric values in A1
, ignoring any text or non-numeric data.
6. Count with Error Handling (using IFERROR)
○ Example: =COUNT(IFERROR(A1:A5, ""))
○ Explanation: Counts the number of numeric values in A1
while treating errors as blank cells.
7. Count with Dynamic Range
○ Example: =COUNT(INDIRECT("A1:A" & C1))
○ Explanation: Dynamically counts numeric values from range A1 to the row
8. Count Across Sheets
○ Example: =COUNT(Sheet1!A1:A5, Sheet2!A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Counts numeric values in the range A1
9. Count of Entire Column or Row
○ Example: =COUNT(A:A)

○ Explanation: Counts all the numeric values in the entire column A.
10. Count with Named Ranges
○ Example: =COUNT(MyRange)
○ Explanation: Counts all the numeric values in the named range MyRange.
11. Count with Non-Contiguous Cells
○ Example: =COUNT(A1, A3, A5)
○ Explanation: Counts how many of the non-contiguous cells A1, A3, and A5
contain numeric values.
12. Count with Logical Conditions (using COUNTIF)
○ Example: =COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">10")
○ Explanation: Counts how many values in A1
are greater than 10.
13. Count with Multiple Conditions (using COUNTIFS)
○ Example: =COUNTIFS(A1:A10, ">5", B1:B10, "<10")
○ Explanation: Counts how many values in A1
are greater than 5 and the corresponding values in B1
are less than 10.
14. Count of Filtered Data (using SUBTOTAL)
○ Explanation: Counts the number of numeric values in visible rows only when
filtering is applied (function code 2 represents COUNT in SUBTOTAL).
15. Count Dates in a Range
○ Explanation: Counts the number of date values in the range A1
, as dates are considered numbers in Google Sheets.
16. Count of Numbers Mixed with Text
○ Explanation: Counts only the numbers in A1
, even if the range contains both text and numeric values.
17. Count of Numbers with Time Data
○ Explanation: Counts the number of time values in A1
, as times are considered numbers in Google Sheets.
18. Count of Array Formula Results
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(COUNT(A1:A5 * B1:B5))
○ Explanation: Counts the results of multiplying corresponding values in A1
and B1
, assuming the result is numeric.
19. Count with Data Converted from Text to Numbers
○ Example: =COUNT(VALUE(A1:A5))
○ Explanation: Converts text-formatted numbers to actual numbers and counts
them.
Use Cases for the COUNTA Formula

1. Basic Count of Non-Blank Cells in a Range
○ Example: =COUNTA(A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Counts the number of non-blank cells in the range A1 to A5,
regardless of whether they contain text, numbers, or other data types.
2. Count of Specific Cells
○ Example: =COUNTA(A1, B1, C1)
○ Explanation: Counts how many of the specific cells A1, B1, and C1 are not
empty.
3. Count Across Multiple Ranges
○ Example: =COUNTA(A1:A5, B1:B5)
○ Explanation: Counts non-blank cells across both ranges A1
and B1.
4. Count Including Text and Numbers
○ Explanation: Counts all cells that contain any data, including both text and
numeric values, in the range A1.
5. Count Ignoring Blank Cells
○ Explanation: Counts the number of non-blank cells in A1
, ignoring any blank cells entirely.
6. Count with Dynamic Range
○ Example: =COUNTA(INDIRECT("A1:A" & C1))
○ Explanation: Dynamically counts the number of non-blank cells in range A1 to
the row number specified in cell C1.
7. Count Across Sheets
○ Example: =COUNTA(Sheet1!A1:A5, Sheet2!A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Counts the number of non-blank cells in the range A1
8. Count with Named Ranges
○ Example: =COUNTA(MyRange)
○ Explanation: Counts the number of non-blank cells in the named range
MyRange.
9. Count of Entire Column or Row
○ Example: =COUNTA(A:A)
○ Explanation: Counts all non-blank cells in the entire column A, including text,
numbers, and other data types.
10. Count with Non-Contiguous Cells
○ Example: =COUNTA(A1, A3, A5)
○ Explanation: Counts the number of non-blank cells among the non-contiguous
cells A1, A3, and A5.
11. Count of Non-Numeric Data
○ Explanation: Counts all non-blank cells in A1
, including cells that contain text, dates, and other non-numeric data.
12. Count with Filtered Data (using SUBTOTAL)
○ Explanation: Counts the number of visible non-blank cells in a filtered range
(function code 3 represents COUNTA in SUBTOTAL).

13. Count with Data Containing Dates
○ Explanation: Counts the number of non-blank cells that contain date values in
A1.
14. Count of Mixed Data Types
○ Explanation: Counts all non-blank cells in the range, including cells with text,
numbers, dates, and even boolean values.
15. Count of Non-Blank Cells with Array Formula
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(COUNTA(A1:A5))
○ Explanation: Uses an array formula to count non-blank cells in A1.
16. Count Non-Blank Cells with Formulas
○ Explanation: Counts non-blank cells that contain formulas, even if those
formulas return blank-looking results such as an empty string.
17. Count with Error Handling (using IFERROR)
○ Example: =COUNTA(IFERROR(A1:A10, ""))
○ Explanation: Counts the number of non-blank cells in A1
, treating errors as blank cells.
18. Count Across Multiple Data Types
○ Explanation: Counts all non-blank cells, whether they contain text, numbers,
booleans, or dates.
Use Cases for the IF Formula
1. Basic Conditional Check
○ Example: =IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No")
○ Explanation: Checks if the value in A1 is greater than 10. If true, returns "Yes";
otherwise, returns "No".
2. Check for Equality
○ Example: =IF(A1 = "Open", "Proceed", "Stop")
○ Explanation: Returns "Proceed" if A1 equals "Open", otherwise returns "Stop".
3. Check for Blank Cells
○ Example: =IF(A1 = "", "Empty", "Filled")
○ Explanation: Checks if A1 is blank. If true, returns "Empty"; otherwise, returns
"Filled".
4. Check for Non-Blank Cells
○ Example: =IF(A1 <> "", "Data present", "No data")
○ Explanation: Returns "Data present" if A1 is not blank, otherwise returns "No
data".
5. Nested IF for Multiple Conditions
○ Example: =IF(A1 > 90, "A", IF(A1 > 75, "B", IF(A1 > 60, "C", "D")))
○ Explanation: Returns "A" if A1 is greater than 90, "B" if greater than 75, "C" if
greater than 60, and "D" otherwise.
6. IF with AND for Multiple Conditions

○ Example: =IF(AND(A1 > 10, B1 < 5), "Valid", "Invalid")
○ Explanation: Checks if both A1 is greater than 10 and B1 is less than 5. If true,
returns "Valid"; otherwise, returns "Invalid".
7. IF with OR for Multiple Conditions
○ Example: =IF(OR(A1 > 10, B1 < 5), "Proceed", "Halt")
○ Explanation: Checks if either A1 is greater than 10 or B1 is less than 5. If true,
returns "Proceed"; otherwise, returns "Halt".
8. IF with Error Handling (using ISERROR)
○ Example: =IF(ISERROR(A1/B1), "Error", A1/B1)
○ Explanation: If dividing A1 by B1 results in an error, returns "Error"; otherwise,
performs the division.
9. IF with Text Comparison
○ Example: =IF(A1 = "Yes", "Confirmed", "Pending")
○ Explanation: If A1 contains the text "Yes", returns "Confirmed"; otherwise,
returns "Pending".
10. IF with Date Comparison
○ Example: =IF(A1 > TODAY(), "Future", "Past")
○ Explanation: Checks if the date in A1 is after today. If true, returns "Future";
otherwise, returns "Past".
11. IF with Time Comparison
○ Example: =IF(A1 < TIME(12, 0, 0), "Morning", "Afternoon")
○ Explanation: If the time in A1 is before noon, returns "Morning"; otherwise,
returns "Afternoon".
12. IF with Number Range Check
○ Example: =IF(AND(A1 >= 50, A1 <= 100), "In Range", "Out of Range")
○ Explanation: Checks if A1 is between 50 and 100 inclusive. If true, returns "In
Range"; otherwise, returns "Out of Range".
13. IF with Conditional Formatting Logic
○ Example: =IF(A1 > 70, "Highlight", "No Highlight")
○ Explanation: If A1 is greater than 70, this formula can be used to trigger
conditional formatting by returning "Highlight".
14. IF with Boolean Values
○ Example: =IF(A1 = TRUE, "Active", "Inactive")
○ Explanation: If A1 contains a boolean value TRUE, returns "Active"; otherwise,
returns "Inactive".
15. IF for Calculations Based on Conditions
○ Example: =IF(A1 > 10, A1 * 2, A1 + 5)
○ Explanation: If A1 is greater than 10, multiplies A1 by 2; otherwise, adds 5 to
A1.
16. IF with Array Formula
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(IF(A1:A10 > 5, "Large", "Small"))
○ Explanation: Applies the condition to the entire range A1
, returning "Large" for values greater than 5, and "Small" for the rest.
17. IF with Conditional Summation
○ Example: =IF(SUM(A1:A5) > 100, "High Total", "Low Total")
○ Explanation: Sums the values in A1
, and returns "High Total" if the sum is greater than 100, otherwise returns "Low
Total".

18. IF for Conditional Discounts
○ Example: =IF(A1 > 1000, A1 * 0.9, A1)
○ Explanation: Applies a 10% discount to A1 if the value is greater than 1000,
otherwise leaves it unchanged.
19. IF for Membership Tier Calculation
○ Example: =IF(A1 >= 100, "Gold", IF(A1 >= 50, "Silver", "Bronze"))
○ Explanation: Assigns "Gold" if A1 is 100 or above, "Silver" if A1 is between 50
and 99, and "Bronze" otherwise.
20. IF with Switch-Like Functionality
○ Example: =IF(A1 = "A", 1, IF(A1 = "B", 2, IF(A1 = "C", 3, 0)))
○ Explanation: Returns 1 if A1 equals "A", 2 if it equals "B", 3 if it equals "C", and 0
for anything else.
21. IF for Custom Text Responses
○ Example: =IF(A1 > 500, "Congratulations!", "Try Again")
○ Explanation: Displays a congratulatory message if A1 is greater than 500,
otherwise suggests "Try Again".
22. IF with Conditional Average
○ Example: =IF(AVERAGE(A1:A5) > 50, "Above Average", "Below Average")
○ Explanation: Calculates the average of A1
, and if it's greater than 50, returns "Above Average"; otherwise, returns "Below
Average".
23. IF for Conditional Text Length Check
○ Example: =IF(LEN(A1) > 5, "Long", "Short")
○ Explanation: If the text in A1 has more than 5 characters, returns "Long";
otherwise, returns "Short".
24. IF for Checking a Specific Value
○ Example: =IF(A1 = 100, "Exact Match", "Different")
○ Explanation: Checks if A1 equals 100. If true, returns "Exact Match"; otherwise,
returns "Different".
25. IF with Conditional Count
○ Example: =IF(COUNT(A1:A5) > 3, "Many Entries", "Few Entries")
○ Explanation: Counts the number of numeric entries in A1
and returns "Many Entries" if more than 3, otherwise "Few Entries".
SPLIT Formula Use Cases
1. Basic Split by Comma
○ Example: =SPLIT(A1, ",")
○ Explanation: Splits the text in A1 into multiple cells based on commas as the
delimiter.
2. Split by Space
○ Example: =SPLIT(A1, " ")

○ Explanation: Splits the text in A1 into separate words by using spaces as the
delimiter.
3. Split by Semicolon
○ Example: =SPLIT(A1, ";")
○ Explanation: Splits the text in A1 into separate cells based on semicolons.
4. Split by Multiple Delimiters
○ Example: =SPLIT(A1, ",;")
○ Explanation: Splits the text in A1 wherever there is either a comma or semicolon
as the delimiter.
5. Split by Line Breaks
○ Example: =SPLIT(A1, CHAR(10))
○ Explanation: Splits the text in A1 by line breaks (using CHAR(10) as the line
break character).
6. Split by Custom Delimiter
○ Example: =SPLIT(A1, "-")
○ Explanation: Splits the text in A1 into multiple cells wherever a hyphen appears.
7. Extract First Name from Full Name
○ Example: =INDEX(SPLIT(A1, " "), 1)
○ Explanation: Splits the full name in A1 by space and extracts the first name.
8. Extract Last Name from Full Name
○ Example: =INDEX(SPLIT(A1, " "), 2)
○ Explanation: Splits the full name in A1 by space and extracts the last name.
9. Splitting Emails by Domain
○ Example: =SPLIT(A1, "@")
○ Explanation: Splits the email in A1 into two parts: the username and the domain.
10. Split URL into Components
○ Example: =SPLIT(A1, "/")
○ Explanation: Splits the URL in A1 into components based on the forward slash
as the delimiter.
CONCAT/CONCATENATE Formula Use Cases
1. Basic Concatenation of Two Strings
○ Example: =CONCAT(A1, B1)
○ Explanation: Joins the text in A1 and B1 into one single string.
2. Concatenation with Space
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)
○ Explanation: Joins the text in A1 and B1 with a space in between.
3. Concatenating a List of Names
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1:A3)
○ Explanation: Joins the text in cells A1, A2, and A3 into a single string.
4. Concatenating First Name and Last Name

○ Explanation: Combines the first name in A1 with the last name in B1, separated
by a space.
5. Concatenation of Numbers
○ Example: =CONCAT(A1, B1)
○ Explanation: Joins the numbers in A1 and B1 as text without any calculation.
6. Concatenation with Special Characters
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, "@", B1)
○ Explanation: Joins the text in A1 and B1 with an "@" symbol in between.
7. Concatenation with Line Break
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, CHAR(10), B1)
○ Explanation: Joins the text in A1 and B1 with a line break in between (using
CHAR(10) for the line break).
8. Concatenation of Date and Text
○ Example: =CONCAT(TEXT(A1, "MMMM d, yyyy"), " - Event")
○ Explanation: Converts the date in A1 into a formatted text and concatenates it
with the word "Event".
9. Concatenating Text from Multiple Cells with a Delimiter
○ Example: =TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A1:A5)
○ Explanation: Joins text from the range A1
, with each value separated by a comma and space.
10. Combining Static Text and Cell References
○ Example: =CONCAT("Total: ", A1)
○ Explanation: Combines the static text "Total: " with the value from cell A1.
Combined Use Cases for SPLIT & CONCAT [Complex Additional Use
Cases]
Note: Please review the information below after finishing the advanced formula section.
1. Splitting Text and Concatenating Parts
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(INDEX(SPLIT(A1, " "), 1), " ", INDEX(SPLIT(A1, " "),
2))
○ Explanation: Splits the full name in A1 into first and last name, then
concatenates them back together with a space in between.
2. Extracting Parts of a String and Recombining
○ Example: =CONCAT(SPLIT(A1, "-"))
○ Explanation: Splits the text in A1 by hyphen, then concatenates the parts back
together without the hyphen.
3. Splitting Full Address and Concatenating Selected Parts

○ Example: =CONCATENATE(INDEX(SPLIT(A1, ","), 1), ", ", INDEX(SPLIT(A1, ","),
3))
○ Explanation: Splits the full address in A1 by commas and concatenates the first
and third parts, skipping the second.
4. Splitting Emails and Reformatting the Output
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("Username: ", INDEX(SPLIT(A1, "@"), 1), " |
Domain: ", INDEX(SPLIT(A1, "@"), 2))
○ Explanation: Splits the email in A1 into username and domain, then
concatenates them into a formatted string.
5. Splitting and Reversing Parts
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(INDEX(SPLIT(A1, " "), 2), " ", INDEX(SPLIT(A1, " "),
1))
○ Explanation: Splits the text in A1 by spaces and then concatenates the parts in
reverse order.
VLOOKUP Formula Basic Structure
=VLOOKUP(search_key, range, index, [is_sorted])
● search_key: The value you want to look up.
● range: The table range where the value is searched.
● index: The column number in the range from which to return the value.
● is_sorted: A TRUE or FALSE value that indicates if the search is for an approximate
match (TRUE) or exact match (FALSE).
VLOOKUP Formula Use Cases
1. Basic Lookup
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, B1:C10, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for the value in cell A1 in the first column of the range B1
and returns the corresponding value from the second column.
2. Lookup with Approximate Match
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, B1:C10, 2, TRUE)
○ Explanation: Finds the closest match to the value in A1 within the range B1
and returns the value from the second column. Useful for ranges sorted in
ascending order.
3. Finding Prices Based on Product ID
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, Products!A1:B100, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for the product ID in A1 within the Products sheet and
returns the price from the second column.
4. Lookup from Another Sheet
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, 'Sheet2'!A1:B10, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for a value in A1 on a different sheet (Sheet2) and
returns the corresponding value from the second column of that sheet.

5. Handling Missing Values
○ Example: =IFERROR(VLOOKUP(A1, B1:C10, 2, FALSE), "Not Found")
○ Explanation: Uses IFERROR to handle errors in VLOOKUP, displaying "Not
Found" if the lookup value in A1 doesn't exist.
6. Searching for Employee Names by ID
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, EmployeeData!A1:D100, 3, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for the employee ID in A1 within the range
EmployeeData!A1:D100 and returns the employee's name from the third
column.
7. Grade Lookup Based on Score
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, Grades!A1:B10, 2, TRUE)
○ Explanation: Uses approximate match to look up the corresponding grade for a
score in A1 within the Grades sheet.
8. Finding Inventory Stock Based on SKU
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, Inventory!A1:C100, 3, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for the SKU in A1 within the Inventory sheet and returns
the stock quantity from the third column.
9. Return Data from a Non-Adjacent Column
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, B1:D10, 3, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Looks for the value in A1 within the range B1
and returns the value from the third column, even though it's not adjacent to the
first column.
10. Using Wildcards in Lookup
○ Example: =VLOOKUP("App*", A1:B10, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Uses a wildcard (*) to search for values that begin with "App" in
column A and returns the corresponding value from column B.
11. Lookup with Multiple Criteria (Helper Column)
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1 & B1, C1:D10, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Concatenates two values (A1 and B1) to create a unique search
key, then searches for it in a helper column (C1) and returns the corresponding
value from column D.
12. Lookup Based on Date
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(DATE(2024,1,1), A1:B10, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for a specific date in a range and returns the
corresponding value from the second column.
13. Using VLOOKUP with a Named Range
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, SalesData, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Looks up a value in A1 within a named range called SalesData and
returns the value from the second column.
14. Finding the Nearest Match
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, Prices!A1:B100, 2, TRUE)
○ Explanation: Uses TRUE for an approximate match to find the closest price for a
product when exact prices aren’t available.
15. Pulling in Product Descriptions from a Database

○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, Database!A1:E1000, 4, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for a product in column A within the Database sheet and
returns its description from the fourth column.
16. Currency Conversion
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, CurrencyRates!A1:B10, 2, FALSE) * B1
○ Explanation: Looks up the currency conversion rate for the value in A1 and
multiplies it by the amount in B1 to get the converted value.
17. Validating Data
○ Example: =IF(ISNA(VLOOKUP(A1, B1:C10, 2, FALSE)), "Invalid", "Valid")
○ Explanation: Checks if a value in A1 exists in a lookup table; returns "Invalid" if
not found, otherwise returns "Valid".
18. Combining VLOOKUP with SUM
○ Example: =SUM(VLOOKUP(A1, B1:C10, 2, FALSE), D1)
○ Explanation: Looks up a value in A1 and adds it to the value in D1.
19. Lookup for Discount Calculation
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, Discounts!A1:B10, 2, TRUE) * B1
○ Explanation: Finds the applicable discount rate for a purchase amount in A1 and
multiplies it by the total in B1 to calculate the discount.
20. Using VLOOKUP to Fill Data
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(VLOOKUP(A1:A10, B1:C10, 2, FALSE))
○ Explanation: Uses ARRAYFORMULA with VLOOKUP to apply the lookup to an
entire column, returning an array of results.
21. Nested VLOOKUP
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(VLOOKUP(A1, B1:C10, 2, FALSE), D1:E10, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Performs a lookup inside another lookup. First, it finds a value in
B1, then uses the result to search for corresponding data in D1.
22. Matching Based on Partial Values
○ Example: =VLOOKUP("*" & A1 & "*", B1:C10, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for any cell in column B that contains the value in A1,
even as part of a larger string, using wildcard characters.
23. Multi-Level Price Lookup
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, IF(B1="VIP", VIPPrices, RegularPrices), 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Uses IF to switch between two different price tables depending on
customer status (e.g., VIP or regular).
24. Using VLOOKUP with Data Validation
○ Example: =IF(ISNA(VLOOKUP(A1, B1:C10, 2, FALSE)), "Invalid Entry",
VLOOKUP(A1, B1:C10, 2, FALSE))
○ Explanation: Validates data using VLOOKUP, returning "Invalid Entry" if the
search value is not found in the range.
HLOOKUP Formula Basic Structure
=HLOOKUP(search_key, range, index, [is_sorted])

● search_key: The value you want to look up.
● range: The table range where the value is searched.
● index: The row number in the range from which to return the value.
● is_sorted: A TRUE or FALSE value indicating if the search is for an approximate match
(TRUE) or exact match (FALSE).
HLOOKUP Formula Use Cases
1. Basic Horizontal Lookup
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F3, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for the value in A1 in the first row of the range B1
and returns the value from the second row.
2. Lookup with Approximate Match
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F3, 2, TRUE)
○ Explanation: Finds the closest match to the value in A1 within the first row of B1
and returns the value from the second row. Useful for ranges sorted in ascending
order.
3. Finding Prices Based on Product Code
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, Products!A1:F3, 3, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for the product code in A1 in the first row of the Products
sheet and returns the price from the third row.
4. Lookup from Another Sheet
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, 'Sheet2'!A1:F3, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for a value in A1 on a different sheet (Sheet2) and
returns the corresponding value from the second row of that sheet.
5. Handling Missing Values
○ Example: =IFERROR(HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F3, 2, FALSE), "Not Found")
○ Explanation: Uses IFERROR to handle errors in HLOOKUP, displaying "Not
Found" if the lookup value in A1 doesn't exist.
6. Searching for Employee Names by ID
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, EmployeeData!A1:F3, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for the employee ID in A1 within the first row of
EmployeeData!A1:F3 and returns the employee's name from the second row.
7. Grade Lookup Based on Score
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, Grades!A1:F3, 2, TRUE)
○ Explanation: Uses approximate match to look up the corresponding grade for a
score in A1 within the first row of the Grades sheet.
8. Finding Inventory Stock Based on SKU
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, Inventory!A1:F3, 3, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for the SKU in A1 within the first row of the Inventory
sheet and returns the stock quantity from the third row.
9. Return Data from a Non-Adjacent Row
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F4, 3, FALSE)

○ Explanation: Looks for the value in A1 within the first row of B1
and returns the value from the third row, even though it's not adjacent to the first
row.
10. Using Wildcards in Lookup
○ Example: =HLOOKUP("App*", A1:F3, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Uses a wildcard (*) to search for values that begin with "App" in
the first row and returns the corresponding value from the second row.
11. Lookup with Multiple Criteria (Helper Row)
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1 & B1, C1:F3, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Concatenates two values (A1 and B1) to create a unique search
key, then searches for it in a helper row (C1) and returns the corresponding value
from the second row.
12. Lookup Based on Date
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(DATE(2024,1,1), A1:F3, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for a specific date in the first row of the range and
returns the corresponding value from the second row.
13. Using HLOOKUP with a Named Range
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, SalesData, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Looks up a value in A1 within a named range called SalesData and
returns the value from the second row.
14. Finding the Nearest Match
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, Prices!A1:F3, 2, TRUE)
○ Explanation: Uses TRUE for an approximate match to find the closest price for a
product when exact prices aren’t available.
15. Pulling in Product Descriptions from a Database
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, Database!A1:F4, 4, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for a product in the first row within the Database sheet
and returns its description from the fourth row.
16. Currency Conversion
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, CurrencyRates!A1:F3, 2, FALSE) * B1
○ Explanation: Looks up the currency conversion rate for the value in A1 and
multiplies it by the amount in B1 to get the converted value.
17. Validating Data
○ Example: =IF(ISNA(HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F3, 2, FALSE)), "Invalid", "Valid")
○ Explanation: Checks if a value in A1 exists in a lookup table; returns "Invalid" if
not found, otherwise returns "Valid".
18. Combining HLOOKUP with SUM
○ Example: =SUM(HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F3, 2, FALSE), D1)
○ Explanation: Looks up a value in A1 and adds it to the value in D1.
19. Lookup for Discount Calculation
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, Discounts!A1:F3, 2, TRUE) * B1
○ Explanation: Finds the applicable discount rate for a purchase amount in A1 and
multiplies it by the total in B1 to calculate the discount.
20. Using HLOOKUP to Fill Data
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F3, 2, FALSE))
○ Explanation: Uses ARRAYFORMULA with HLOOKUP to apply the lookup to an
entire row, returning an array of results.
21. Nested HLOOKUP

○ Example: =HLOOKUP(HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F3, 2, FALSE), G1:K3, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Performs a lookup inside another lookup. First, it finds a value in
B1, then uses the result to search for corresponding data in G1.
22. Matching Based on Partial Values
○ Example: =HLOOKUP("*" & A1 & "*", B1:F3, 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Searches for any cell in the first row that contains the value in A1,
even as part of a larger string, using wildcard characters.
23. Multi-Level Price Lookup
○ Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, IF(B1="VIP", VIPPrices, RegularPrices), 2, FALSE)
○ Explanation: Uses IF to switch between two different price tables depending on
customer status (e.g., VIP or regular).
24. Using HLOOKUP with Data Validation
○ Example: =IF(ISNA(HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F3, 2, FALSE)), "Invalid Entry",
HLOOKUP(A1, B1:F3, 2, FALSE))
○ Explanation: Validates data using HLOOKUP, returning "Invalid Entry" if the
search value is not found in the range.
INDEX Formula Basic Structure
=INDEX(range, row_num, [column_num])
● range: The array or range of cells from which you want to retrieve a value.
● row_num: The row in the range from which to return a value.
● column_num (optional): The column in the range from which to return a value (used for
two-dimensional ranges).
INDEX Formula Use Cases
1. Basic Row and Column Lookup
○ Example: =INDEX(A1:C3, 2, 2)
○ Explanation: Returns the value in the second row and second column of the
range A1.
2. Return Entire Row
○ Explanation: Returns the entire second row of the range A1. The 0 in the
column number returns all columns in that row.
3. Return Entire Column
○ Explanation: Returns the entire second column of the range A1. The 0 in the
row number returns all rows in that column.
4. Dynamic Lookup Using MATCH
○ Example: =INDEX(A1:C3, MATCH("Apples", A1:A3, 0), 2)
○ Explanation: Uses MATCH to dynamically find the row where "Apples" is located
in column A and returns the corresponding value from the second column.

5. Use INDEX in a Single Row or Column
○ Example: =INDEX(A1:A10, 4)
○ Explanation: Returns the value in the fourth row of the single-column range A1.
6. Dynamic Cell Lookup with INDIRECT
○ Example: =INDEX(INDIRECT("Data!A1:B10"), 3, 2)
○ Explanation: Dynamically refers to a range using INDIRECT, then returns the
value in the third row and second column of that range.
7. Multi-Area Lookup
○ Example: =INDEX((A1:B5, C1:D5), 4, 2, 2)
○ Explanation: Returns a value from a multi-area range (two ranges A1
and C1). This finds the fourth row and second column from the second range
(C1).
8. Conditional Lookup with IF
○ Example: =IF(A1="Yes", INDEX(B1:B10, 3), "No Data")
○ Explanation: Checks if cell A1 contains "Yes"; if true, returns the third value from
range B1; otherwise, returns "No Data".
9. INDEX with SUM for Subtotals
○ Example: =SUM(INDEX(A1:B10, 3, 0))
○ Explanation: Uses INDEX to select the entire third row and then sums the values
in that row.
10. INDEX as a Reference
○ Explanation: Uses INDEX to return a reference to the cell in the third row and
second column of the range A1, which can be used in other formulas.
11. Extracting Data from 3D Ranges
○ Explanation: Extracts data from a specified row and column in a two-
dimensional table or grid.
12. Using INDEX with Named Ranges
○ Example: =INDEX(MyRange, 2, 2)
○ Explanation: Uses a named range (e.g., MyRange) and returns the value in the
second row and second column of that range.
13. INDEX with ARRAYFORMULA
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(INDEX(A1:C3, ROW(A1:A3), 2))
○ Explanation: Uses ARRAYFORMULA with INDEX to return the second column
for each row in the range A1.
14. Fetching Data from Specific Sheets
○ Example: =INDEX(Sheet2!A1:C10, 4, 3)
○ Explanation: Looks up data from the range A1
in another sheet (Sheet2) and returns the value in the fourth row and third
column.
15. INDEX with OFFSET for Dynamic Ranges
○ Example: =INDEX(A1:C10, ROW() - 1, COLUMN() + 1)

○ Explanation: Combines INDEX with ROW and COLUMN functions to
dynamically adjust the row and column numbers for the lookup.
16. INDEX in 1D Arrays
○ Example: =INDEX({"Apple", "Banana", "Orange"}, 2)
○ Explanation: Returns the second value ("Banana") from a 1D array created
within the formula.
17. INDEX for Error Handling with IFERROR
○ Example: =IFERROR(INDEX(A1:B10, 11, 2), "Out of Range")
○ Explanation: Uses IFERROR to return "Out of Range" if the lookup exceeds the
available rows or columns in the range.
18. Selecting Ranges for Data Validation
○ Example: =INDEX(A1:A10, ROW())
○ Explanation: Dynamically selects a value from the range A1
based on the current row for use in a data validation list.
19. Finding Specific Values in Multiple Tables
○ Example: =INDEX((Table1, Table2), MATCH(A1, B1:B10, 0), 2, 1)
○ Explanation: Searches through multiple tables (Table1 and Table2) and returns
the corresponding value for the matching entry.
20. INDEX with OFFSET for Dynamic Tables
○ Example: =INDEX(OFFSET(A1:B10, 2, 0, 3, 2), 3, 1)
○ Explanation: Uses OFFSET to create a dynamic range and INDEX to retrieve the
value from the dynamic table.
21. Finding the Last Non-Empty Value in a Column
○ Example: =INDEX(A:A, COUNTA(A:A))
○ Explanation: Uses INDEX combined with COUNTA to find the last non-empty
value in column A.
22. INDEX for Vertical and Horizontal Array Lookup
○ Example: =INDEX(A1:C10, ROW(A1:A10), COLUMN(A1:C3))
○ Explanation: Uses INDEX for both vertical and horizontal array lookups,
retrieving values based on row and column references.
MATCH Formula Basic Structure
=MATCH(search_key, range, [search_type])
● search_key: The value you want to search for.
● range: The range of cells where you want to search for the search_key.
● search_type (optional): Specifies the search behavior:
○ 1: Finds the largest value less than or equal to search_key (range must be sorted
in ascending order).
○ 0: Finds the exact match.

○ -1: Finds the smallest value greater than or equal to search_key (range must be
sorted in descending order).
MATCH Formula Use Cases
1. Basic Exact Match Lookup
○ Example: =MATCH("Apples", A1:A5, 0)
○ Explanation: Finds the position of "Apples" in the range A1, returning the row
number where "Apples" is located.
2. Case-Sensitive Exact Match
○ Example: =MATCH("Apples", A1:A5, 0)
○ Explanation: Searches for "Apples" in A1. It will not match "apples" if the case
does not match because MATCH is case-sensitive.
3. Approximate Match (Sorted Data)
○ Example: =MATCH(70, B1:B10, 1)
○ Explanation: Finds the largest value less than or equal to 70 in the range B1
(must be sorted in ascending order).
4. Reverse Search with -1 (Descending Order)
○ Example: =MATCH(70, B1:B10, -1)
○ Explanation: Finds the smallest value greater than or equal to 70 in the range
B1(must be sorted in descending order).
5. Use with INDEX for Dynamic Lookup
○ Example: =INDEX(B1:B10, MATCH(A1, A1:A10, 0))
○ Explanation: Uses MATCH to find the row where the value in A1 is located, then
retrieves the corresponding value from B1 using INDEX.
6. Matching Date Values
○ Example: =MATCH(DATE(2024, 1, 1), A1:A10, 0)
○ Explanation: Searches for a specific date (January 1, 2024) in the range A1
and returns the position of that date.
7. Finding the Position of a Number
○ Example: =MATCH(100, C1:C10, 0)
○ Explanation: Finds the position of the number 100 in the range C1.
8. Wildcard Match for Partial Matches
○ Example: =MATCH("App*", A1:A10, 0)
○ Explanation: Uses a wildcard (*) to find the first occurrence of a word starting
with "App" in the range A1.
9. Match with Exact Text in a List
○ Example: =MATCH("John Doe", A1:A10, 0)
○ Explanation: Searches for the exact text "John Doe" in the range A1
and returns the position of that text.
10. Finding the First Non-Empty Cell
○ Example: =MATCH(TRUE, ISBLANK(A1:A10)=FALSE, 0)
○ Explanation: Finds the position of the first non-empty cell in the range A1.
11. Use MATCH in Combination with VLOOKUP
○ Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, B1:D10, MATCH("Price", B1:D1, 0), FALSE)

○ Explanation: Uses MATCH to dynamically identify the column number of "Price"
in the range B1
and then performs a VLOOKUP.
12. Finding Row Number Based on Criteria
○ Example: =MATCH(TRUE, A1:A10 > 100, 0)
○ Explanation: Finds the first row where the value in A1
is greater than 100.
13. Locating Header Position for Dynamic Data Retrieval
○ Example: =MATCH("Sales", A1:Z1, 0)
○ Explanation: Finds the position of the column header "Sales" in the first row (A1
).
14. Finding Last Non-Empty Value in a Column
○ Example: =MATCH(9.99999999999999E+307, A:A)
○ Explanation: Finds the position of the last non-empty numeric value in column A
by searching for the largest possible number.
15. Combining MATCH with ARRAYFORMULA
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(MATCH(A1:A10, B1:B10, 0))
○ Explanation: Uses ARRAYFORMULA to find the positions of multiple values in
range A1 within B1.
16. Finding Closest Value in an Unsorted List
○ Example: =INDEX(A1:A10, MATCH(MIN(ABS(A1:A10 - B1)), ABS(A1:A10 - B1),
0))
○ Explanation: Finds the closest value to B1 in the unsorted list A1.
17. Handling Errors with IFERROR
○ Example: =IFERROR(MATCH(A1, B1:B10, 0), "Not Found")
○ Explanation: Uses IFERROR to display "Not Found" if the MATCH formula does
not find a value.
18. Finding the Position of a Partial Text Match
○ Example: =MATCH("*123*", A1:A10, 0)
○ Explanation: Uses wildcard characters to search for a value containing "123" in
the range A1.
19. Dynamic Chart Data Source
○ Example: =MATCH(TODAY(), A1:A365, 1)
○ Explanation: Dynamically finds the row number corresponding to today’s date in
a range of daily data (A1) and can be used as a reference for charting.
20. Nested MATCH with INDEX for 2D Lookup
○ Example: =INDEX(B1:D10, MATCH(A1, B1:B10, 0), MATCH(A2, B1:D1, 0))
○ Explanation: Uses two MATCH functions to find the row and column positions in
a two-dimensional array and retrieve the corresponding value.
21. Finding the First Occurrence of a Condition
○ Example: =MATCH(TRUE, A1:A10 > 50, 0)
○ Explanation: Returns the position of the first occurrence where the values in A1
22. Match Case-Insensitive Search Using LOWER/UPPER
○ Example: =MATCH(UPPER("john"), UPPER(A1:A10), 0)
○ Explanation: Uses UPPER to make the MATCH case-insensitive by converting
both the search value and the range to uppercase.

23. Finding the Position of an Item in Multiple Lists
○ Example: =MATCH(A1, {B1:B10; C1:C10}, 0)
○ Explanation: Finds the position of A1 across two concatenated ranges, B1
and C1, treating them as one.
24. MATCH for Column Index in Multi-Range Lookups
○ Example: =MATCH("Q2 Sales", A1:Z1, 0)
○ Explanation: Locates the column position of "Q2 Sales" in a wide range of
columns (A1).
CONCATENATE Formula Basic Structure
=CONCATENATE(string1, [string2, ...])
● string1, string2, ...: The strings, numbers, or cell references to be combined.
CONCATENATE Formula Use Cases
1. Concatenating Two Text Strings
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("Hello", " World")
○ Explanation: Joins the text "Hello" and "World" into one cell, resulting in "Hello
World".
2. Concatenating Text and Numbers
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("You scored ", 90)
○ Explanation: Combines the text "You scored " with the number 90, resulting in
"You scored 90".
3. Concatenating Cell Values
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, B1)
○ Explanation: Joins the values from cells A1 and B1 into a single string.
4. Adding Space Between Concatenated Strings
○ Explanation: Concatenates the values in A1 and B1 with a space in between.
5. Combining First and Last Names
○ Explanation: Combines a first name in A1 and a last name in B1 with a space to
create a full name (e.g., "John Smith").
6. Concatenating Multiple Cell Values
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, B1, C1)
○ Explanation: Combines the values in A1, B1, and C1 into one string.
7. Adding Special Characters or Punctuation
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " - ", B1)
○ Explanation: Joins two cell values with a hyphen (e.g., "Apple - Red").
8. Creating Custom Formatted Dates
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(MONTH(A1), "/", DAY(A1), "/", YEAR(A1))
○ Explanation: Converts a date in cell A1 to a custom format (e.g., "8/30/2024").

9. Concatenating Text with a Line Break (Using CHAR Function)
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, CHAR(10), B1)
○ Explanation: Combines the values in A1 and B1 with a line break in between
(useful for creating multi-line text).
10. Combining Static Text and Dynamic Data
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("The price of ", A1, " is $", B1)
○ Explanation: Creates a sentence by combining static text with values from A1
and B1 (e.g., "The price of Apple is $1.99").
11. Concatenating Text with Numbers
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " has ", B1, " items")
○ Explanation: Combines a product name in A1 with the quantity in B1, resulting in
a sentence like "Bananas has 5 items".
12. Creating Email Addresses
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, ".", B1, "@example.com")
○ Explanation: Concatenates first and last names from A1 and B1 to create an
email address (e.g., "john.doe@example.com").
13. Combining Text Across Rows
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, A2, A3)
○ Explanation: Joins text values from multiple rows into one cell (e.g.,
"Row1Row2Row3").
14. Creating Custom Messages
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("Hello, ", A1, "!")
○ Explanation: Creates a personalized greeting by concatenating "Hello, " with the
value in A1 and an exclamation mark (e.g., "Hello, John!").
15. Concatenating Values with Units
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " kg")
○ Explanation: Adds a unit to the value in A1 (e.g., "50 kg").
16. Merging Columns of Data
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, B1, C1)
○ Explanation: Combines the values in columns A, B, and C for each row into a
single cell.
17. Combining Multiple Ranges
○ Explanation: Joins values across a range (A1
) into one string.
18. Concatenating with Conditional Values
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, IF(B1>100, " is over budget", " is within
budget"))
○ Explanation: Combines a value in A1 with a conditional message based on the
value in B1.
19. Using CONCATENATE with Dates
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("Today is ", TEXT(TODAY(), "MMMM DD, YYYY"))
○ Explanation: Concatenates the text "Today is" with the current date in a custom
format (e.g., "Today is August 30, 2024").

20. Creating Dynamic Hyperlinks
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("https://www.website.com/search?q=", A1)
○ Explanation: Constructs a dynamic URL by appending a search query from A1
to the base URL.
21. Concatenating Phone Numbers with Formatting
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("(", A1, ") ", A2, "-", A3)
○ Explanation: Formats phone numbers by concatenating values from different
cells (e.g., "(123) 456-7890").
22. Combining Text with Data from Multiple Sheets
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(Sheet1!A1, " ", Sheet2!B1)
○ Explanation: Combines values from different sheets into one cell.
23. Combining Values from Arrays with SEQUENCE
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(CONCATENATE(A1:A5 & ", "))
○ Explanation: Joins values from a range (A1
) into a single string separated by commas (e.g., "Apple, Banana, Orange, ").
24. Concatenating Cell Values with Conditional Logic
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(IF(A1>10, "High", "Low"), " value")
○ Explanation: Combines a conditional statement with text, resulting in either
"High value" or "Low value" based on A1's value.
25. Combining Large Text Blocks
○ Explanation: Concatenates text from a large range of cells into one string.
TEXT Formula Basic Structure
=TEXT(value, format_text)
● value: The number or date you want to format.
● format_text: The format you want to apply to the value.
TEXT Formula Use Cases
1. Formatting Numbers with Commas
○ Example: =TEXT(1234567.89, "#,##0.00")
○ Explanation: Formats the number with commas for thousands and two decimal
places (e.g., "1,234,567.89").
2. Displaying Currency
○ Example: =TEXT(1234.56, "$#,##0.00")
○ Explanation: Formats the number as currency with a dollar sign and two decimal
places (e.g., "$1,234.56").
3. Percentage Formatting
○ Example: =TEXT(0.256, "0.00%")
○ Explanation: Converts the decimal into a percentage with two decimal places
(e.g., "25.60%").
4. Formatting Dates

○ Example: =TEXT(TODAY(), "MMMM DD, YYYY")
○ Explanation: Formats today's date as "August 30, 2024".
5. Custom Date Formatting
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "DD-MMM-YYYY")
○ Explanation: Formats the date in cell A1 as "30-Aug-2024".
6. Time Formatting
○ Example: =TEXT(NOW(), "hh:mm:ss AM/PM")
○ Explanation: Formats the current time as "03:45:12 PM".
7. Extracting Day from Date
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "DD")
○ Explanation: Extracts and formats the day from the date in cell A1 (e.g., "30").
8. Extracting Month from Date
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "MMMM")
○ Explanation: Extracts and formats the month from the date in cell A1 (e.g.,
"August").
9. Extracting Year from Date
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "YYYY")
○ Explanation: Extracts and formats the year from the date in cell A1 (e.g.,
"2024").
10. Formatting Phone Numbers
○ Example: =TEXT(1234567890, "(000) 000-0000")
○ Explanation: Formats a 10-digit number as a phone number (e.g., "(123) 456-
7890").
11. Formatting Social Security Numbers
○ Example: =TEXT(123456789, "000-00-0000")
○ Explanation: Formats a 9-digit number as a Social Security number (e.g., "123-
45-6789").
12. Formatting Time in Hours and Minutes
○ Example: =TEXT(75/60, "h:mm")
○ Explanation: Converts 75 minutes to hours and minutes format (e.g., "1:15").
13. Showing Leading Zeros in Numbers
○ Example: =TEXT(5, "0000")
○ Explanation: Formats the number 5 with leading zeros to make it four digits
(e.g., "0005").
14. Formatting Numbers with Decimal Places
○ Example: =TEXT(123.456, "0.00")
○ Explanation: Formats the number with two decimal places (e.g., "123.46").
15. Formatting with Custom Text
○ Example: =TEXT(100, "You have # units")
○ Explanation: Adds custom text to the number (e.g., "You have 100 units").
16. Concatenating Formatted Values
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "DD-MM-YYYY") & " " & TEXT(B1, "$0.00")

○ Explanation: Combines a formatted date from A1 and a formatted currency from
B1 (e.g., "30-08-2024 $1,234.56").
17. Formatting Large Numbers with Text
○ Example: =TEXT(1234567890, "0,,,.00 Billion")
○ Explanation: Formats a large number in billions (e.g., "1.23 Billion").
18. Formatting Numbers as Fractions
○ Example: =TEXT(0.75, "# ?/?")
○ Explanation: Formats the number as a fraction (e.g., "3/4").
19. Formatting in Scientific Notation
○ Example: =TEXT(12345678, "0.00E+00")
○ Explanation: Formats the number in scientific notation (e.g., "1.23E+07").
20. Using TEXT for Conditional Formatting
○ Example: =IF(A1>1000, TEXT(A1, "$#,##0.00"), "Value too low")
○ Explanation: Formats the number in A1 as currency if it is greater than 1000;
otherwise, displays "Value too low".
21. Formatting Time in 24-Hour Format
○ Example: =TEXT(NOW(), "HH:mm")
○ Explanation: Formats the current time in 24-hour format (e.g., "15:30").
22. Formatting Date and Time Together
○ Example: =TEXT(NOW(), "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss")
○ Explanation: Formats the current date and time together (e.g., "2024-08-30
15:30:45").
23. Formatting Dates for Reports
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "MMM DD, YYYY")
○ Explanation: Formats a date for reports with the month abbreviated (e.g., "Aug
30, 2024").
24. Displaying Dates in Different Languages
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "[$-409]dddd, mmmm dd, yyyy")
○ Explanation: Formats a date in a specific language (e.g., "Friday, August 30,
2024").
25. Formatting with Text and Numbers for Labels
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "Product: @")
○ Explanation: Formats a number in A1 with a label (e.g., "Product: 123").
UNIQUE Formula Basic Structure
=UNIQUE(range)
● range: The range of cells from which to extract unique values.
UNIQUE Formula Use Cases
1. Extracting Unique Values from a List
○ Example: =UNIQUE(A1:A10)

○ Explanation: Extracts unique values from the range A1
, removing any duplicates.
2. Finding Unique Items in Multiple Columns
○ Example: =UNIQUE(A1:B10)
○ Explanation: Retrieves unique rows from a range spanning multiple columns (A1
), considering each row as a unique combination.
3. Creating a List of Unique Names from a Dataset
○ Example: =UNIQUE(B1:B50)
○ Explanation: Provides a list of unique names from column B (B1
), useful for generating a list of distinct individuals.
4. Unique Values from a Filtered Range
○ Example: =UNIQUE(FILTER(A1:A20, C1:C20="Active"))
○ Explanation: Extracts unique values from a filtered range where column C
indicates active status.
5. Generating a Unique List from Combined Ranges
○ Example: =UNIQUE(FLATTEN(A1:A10, B1:B10))
○ Explanation: Combines and extracts unique values from two ranges (A1
and B1
) into a single list.
6. Unique Dates from a Range
○ Explanation: Provides a list of unique dates from a range of dates in A1.
7. Extracting Unique Product IDs
○ Explanation: Lists unique product IDs from column B, removing duplicates for
inventory analysis.
8. Removing Duplicates in a List of Email Addresses
○ Example: =UNIQUE(C1:C50)
○ Explanation: Retrieves unique email addresses from C1, useful for cleaning up
contact lists.
9. Finding Unique Combinations of Data
○ Explanation: Extracts unique rows based on the combination of values in
columns A and B.
10. Unique Values from a Query Result
○ Example: =UNIQUE(QUERY(A1:B100, "SELECT A WHERE B > 10"))
○ Explanation: Retrieves unique values from the results of a QUERY function
where column B values are greater than 10.
11. List of Unique Product Names and Prices
○ Explanation: Provides a list of unique product names and their prices from a
dataset spanning columns A and B.
12. Extracting Unique Items from a Dynamic Range
○ Example: =UNIQUE(A:A)
○ Explanation: Retrieves unique values from the entire column A, adapting to
dynamically changing data.

13. Unique Values from a Range with Multiple Columns
○ Example: =UNIQUE(A1:D20)
○ Explanation: Lists unique rows from a range covering multiple columns (A1
), considering each row as a unique combination of values.
14. Unique Names with Multiple Criteria
○ Example: =UNIQUE(FILTER(A1:A100, B1:B100="Approved", C1:C100>50))
○ Explanation: Extracts unique names from A1
where column B indicates "Approved" and column C values are greater than 50.
15. Creating a Unique List from Concatenated Data
○ Example: =UNIQUE(ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 & " " & B1:B10))
○ Explanation: Combines data from columns A and B into a single string and
extracts unique values.
16. Unique Entries from a Sorted List
○ Example: =UNIQUE(SORT(A1:A100))
○ Explanation: Retrieves unique values from a sorted list in A1
, ensuring the list is both sorted and de-duplicated.
17. Extracting Unique Values from a Range with Conditional Formatting
○ Explanation: Lists unique values from a range with conditional formatting
applied to highlight duplicates.
18. Removing Duplicate Names from a Contact List
○ Example: =UNIQUE(D1:D200)
○ Explanation: Provides a list of unique names from a contact list in D1.
19. Unique Product Categories from a Dataset
○ Explanation: Extracts unique product categories from column B to understand
the variety of categories.
20. Unique Values from a Pivot Table
○ Explanation: Retrieves unique values from a pivot table where the range A2
contains aggregated data.
21. Unique Cities from a List of Addresses
○ Example: =UNIQUE(C1:C100)
○ Explanation: Extracts unique city names from a range of addresses in C1.
22. Finding Unique Student IDs
○ Explanation: Provides a list of unique student IDs from a range in column A.
23. Creating a Unique List from a Range of Numbers
○ Example: =UNIQUE(D1:D100)
○ Explanation: Lists unique numbers from D1, useful for identifying distinct
numerical values.
24. Unique Tags or Keywords from a List
○ Example: =UNIQUE(E1:E50)
○ Explanation: Extracts unique tags or keywords from column E for data
categorization or tagging.
25. Extracting Unique Items from a Combined Data Source

○ Example: =UNIQUE(FLATTEN(A1:A10, B1:B10, C1:C10))
○ Explanation: Flattens multiple ranges into a single column and extracts unique
values from the combined data.
ARRAYFORMULA Basic Structure
=ARRAYFORMULA(formula_or_range)
● formula_or_range: The formula or range of cells where the array formula is applied. It
allows operations on entire ranges rather than individual cells.
ARRAYFORMULA Use Cases
1. Applying a Formula to an Entire Column
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 * B1:B10)
○ Explanation: Multiplies each element in column A by the corresponding element
in column B for the range A1
and B1.
2. Adding a Value to Every Cell in a Range
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 + 5)
○ Explanation: Adds 5 to each value in the range A1.
3. Concatenating Text Across Columns
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 & " " & B1:B10)
○ Explanation: Concatenates text from column A with text from column B,
separating them with a space.
4. Calculating the Average of Multiple Ranges
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA((A1:A10 + B1:B10) / 2)
○ Explanation: Computes the average of corresponding values from columns A
and B.
5. Applying Conditional Logic to a Range
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(IF(A1:A10 > 100, "High", "Low"))
○ Explanation: Checks if each value in A1
is greater than 100 and returns "High" or "Low" accordingly.
6. Creating a Sequential Number List
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(ROW(A1:A10))
○ Explanation: Generates a sequential list of numbers from 1 to 10.
7. Applying a Formula with Multiple Conditions
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(IF((A1:A10 > 100) * (B1:B10 < 50), "Yes", "No"))
○ Explanation: Returns "Yes" if values in A1 are greater than 100 and values in B1
are less than 50; otherwise, "No".
8. Extracting Substrings from a Range
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(LEFT(A1:A10, 5))
○ Explanation: Extracts the first 5 characters from each cell in the range A1.

9. Converting Dates to a Specific Format
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(TEXT(A1:A10, "DD-MMM-YYYY"))
○ Explanation: Formats dates in A1
to "DD-MMM-YYYY".
10. Summing Values Across Multiple Columns
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(SUM(A1:A10, B1:B10))
○ Explanation: Adds corresponding values in columns A and B for the range A1
and B1.
11. Calculating Percentages
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 / SUM(A1:A10))
○ Explanation: Calculates the percentage of each value in A1
relative to the total sum of A1.
12. Filtering Data Based on a Condition
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(FILTER(A1:A10, B1:B10 > 50))
○ Explanation: Filters values in A1
based on the condition that corresponding values in B1
13. Transposing Data from Rows to Columns
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(TRANSPOSE(A1:A10))
○ Explanation: Converts a vertical range (A1) into a horizontal range.
14. Handling Blank Cells in a Range
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(IF(ISBLANK(A1:A10), "N/A", A1:A10))
○ Explanation: Replaces blank cells in A1 with "N/A".
15. Performing Complex Calculations Across Ranges
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA((A1:A10 - B1:B10) / C1:C10)
○ Explanation: Performs a calculation on corresponding elements across multiple
ranges.
16. Combining Multiple Ranges into a Single Column
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(FLATTEN(A1:A5, B1:B5))
○ Explanation: Merges two ranges (A1 and B1) into a single column.
17. Applying a Formula to Filtered Data
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(IF(FILTER(A1:A10, B1:B10 > 100) > 50, "Pass",
"Fail"))
○ Explanation: Applies a conditional formula to data filtered based on a condition.
18. Generating Unique Values from a Range
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(UNIQUE(A1:A10))
○ Explanation: Extracts unique values from A1.
19. Finding the Maximum Value in a Range
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(MAX(A1:A10))
○ Explanation: Finds the maximum value in the range A1.
20. Combining Multiple Text Columns
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(CONCATENATE(A1:A10, " ", B1:B10))

○ Explanation: Combines text from two columns into one with a space between
them.
21. Applying Mathematical Functions Across a Range
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(SQRT(A1:A10))
○ Explanation: Calculates the square root of each value in the range A1.
22. Generating a List of Month Names
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(TEXT(DATE(2024, ROW(A1:A12), 1), "MMMM"))
○ Explanation: Creates a list of month names for the year 2024.
23. Counting Non-Empty Cells in a Range
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(COUNTIF(A1:A10, "<>"))
○ Explanation: Counts non-empty cells in the range A1.
24. Applying a Formula to Filtered Results
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(IF(FILTER(A1:A10, B1:B10 < 100) > 50, "Above
Average", "Below Average"))
○ Explanation: Applies a formula to results that meet a filtering condition.
25. Calculating Running Totals
○ Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(SUM(OFFSET(A1, 0, 0, ROW(A1:A10), 1)))
○ Explanation: Calculates a running total for the range A1.
IMPORTRANGE Basic Structure
=IMPORTRANGE("spreadsheet_url", "range_string")
● spreadsheet_url: The URL of the spreadsheet from which you want to import data.
● range_string: The range of cells you want to import, formatted as "sheet_name!range".
IMPORTRANGE Use Cases
1. Importing Data from Another Spreadsheet
○ Example:
=IMPORTRANGE("https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/abcd1234",
"Sheet1!A1:B10")
○ Explanation: Imports data from the range A1
in "Sheet1" of the specified spreadsheet.
2. Combining Data from Multiple Spreadsheets
○ Example:
"Sheet1!A:A")
○ Explanation: Imports an entire column (A) from "Sheet1" in the specified
spreadsheet.
3. Creating a Dashboard with Data from Different Sources

○ Example:
"Sales!B2:C20")
○ Explanation: Imports sales data from the range B2
in the "Sales" sheet of another spreadsheet for dashboard integration.
4. Consolidating Data for Monthly Reports
○ Example:
"MonthlyData!A1:E31")
○ Explanation: Imports daily data for the entire month from "MonthlyData" sheet in
another spreadsheet.
5. Pulling Data for Cross-Referencing
○ Example:
"Employees!A2:B50")
○ Explanation: Imports employee data from another spreadsheet to cross-
reference with local data.
6. Aggregating Data from Different Teams
○ Example:
"Team1!A1:C100")
○ Explanation: Imports data from the "Team1" sheet to aggregate and analyze
team performance.
7. Displaying Product Information from a Supplier
○ Example:
"Products!A1:D50")
○ Explanation: Imports product details from the "Products" sheet for inventory
management.
8. Updating Financial Data from a Shared Spreadsheet
○ Example:
"Financials!A1:H12")
○ Explanation: Imports financial data for analysis from a shared financials
spreadsheet.
9. Pulling Quarterly Performance Metrics
○ Example:
"Q1_Metrics!A1:F20")
○ Explanation: Imports quarterly performance metrics for comparison and review.
10. Linking Project Progress from a Different Sheet
○ Example:
"Projects!A1:B100")
○ Explanation: Imports project progress data from another spreadsheet to track
overall progress.

11. Fetching Student Grades from a School Database
○ Example:
"Grades!A1:E100")
○ Explanation: Imports student grades from the "Grades" sheet for academic
performance analysis.
12. Collecting Feedback from Multiple Surveys
○ Example:
"Survey1!A1:C50")
○ Explanation: Imports survey feedback data from "Survey1" for aggregated
analysis.
13. Importing Sales Data for a Yearly Review
○ Example:
"AnnualSales!A1:G365")
○ Explanation: Imports daily sales data from the "AnnualSales" sheet for a yearly
review.
14. Updating Employee Attendance Records
○ Example:
"Attendance!A1:D30")
○ Explanation: Imports employee attendance records from a different
spreadsheet.
15. Extracting Budget Information for Analysis
○ Example:
"Budget!A1:F12")
○ Explanation: Imports budget data for financial analysis from another sheet.
16. Importing Contact Information for CRM
○ Example:
"Contacts!A1:E100")
○ Explanation: Imports contact information from a CRM database for integration
into your sheet.
17. Combining Multiple Sheets for a Comprehensive Report
○ Example:
"Summary!A1:Z100")
○ Explanation: Imports a comprehensive range from the "Summary" sheet to
consolidate report data.
18. Fetching Raw Data for Data Analysis

○ Example:
"RawData!A1:K50")
○ Explanation: Imports raw data from a "RawData" sheet for analysis and
processing.
19. Linking Project Timelines Across Multiple Sheets
○ Example:
"Timeline!A1:H30")
○ Explanation: Imports project timelines from a different spreadsheet to track
project milestones.
20. Bringing in Budget Variance Reports
○ Example:
"VarianceReports!A1:E20")
○ Explanation: Imports budget variance reports for comparison and review.
21. Importing Sales Transactions for Reconciliation
○ Example:
"Transactions!A1:D200")
○ Explanation: Imports sales transactions data for reconciliation with financial
records.
22. Accessing Historical Data for Trend Analysis
○ Example:
"History!A1:Z100")
○ Explanation: Imports historical data for trend analysis and forecasting.
23. Fetching Marketing Campaign Metrics
○ Example:
"Campaigns!A1:F50")
○ Explanation: Imports metrics from marketing campaigns for performance
evaluation.
24. Importing User Feedback for Product Improvement
○ Example:
"Feedback!A1:C100")
○ Explanation: Imports user feedback from a feedback collection sheet for product
enhancement.
25. Compiling Data for Financial Forecasting

○ Example:
"Forecast!A1:D12")
○ Explanation: Imports data for financial forecasting from a dedicated forecasting
sheet.
QUERY Formula Basic Structure
=QUERY(data_range, "query_string", [headers])
● data_range: The range of cells to query.
● query_string: The query in SQL-like syntax to filter and process the data.
● headers (optional): The number of header rows in the data range.
QUERY Formula Use Cases
1. Selecting Specific Columns
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT A, B")
○ Explanation: Retrieves columns A and B from the range A1.
2. Filtering Rows Based on Criteria
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT * WHERE B > 100")
○ Explanation: Retrieves all columns where the value in column B is greater than
100.
3. Sorting Data
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT * ORDER BY B DESC")
○ Explanation: Retrieves all columns and sorts the results by column B in
descending order.
4. Summing Values
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:B10, "SELECT A, SUM(B) GROUP BY A")
○ Explanation: Sums values in column B grouped by unique values in column A.
5. Calculating Average
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:B10, "SELECT A, AVG(B) GROUP BY A")
○ Explanation: Calculates the average of column B values grouped by unique
values in column A.
6. Counting Rows
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:B10, "SELECT A, COUNT(B) GROUP BY A")
○ Explanation: Counts the number of rows in column B for each unique value in
column A.
7. Filtering with Multiple Conditions
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT * WHERE B > 100 AND C < 50")
○ Explanation: Retrieves all columns where column B is greater than 100 and
column C is less than 50.
8. Selecting Distinct Values
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:A10, "SELECT DISTINCT A")

○ Explanation: Retrieves distinct values from column A.
9. Joining Data from Multiple Columns
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT A, CONCAT(B, ' ', C) LABEL CONCAT(B, ' ',
C) 'Combined'")
○ Explanation: Joins columns B and C into a single column labeled "Combined"
along with column A.
10. Retrieving Top N Rows
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:B10, "SELECT * ORDER BY B DESC LIMIT 5")
○ Explanation: Retrieves the top 5 rows sorted by column B in descending order.
11. Filtering Rows Based on Date Range
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT * WHERE A >= DATE '2024-01-01' AND A
<= DATE '2024-12-31'")
○ Explanation: Retrieves rows where the date in column A falls within the
specified range.
12. Summarizing Data by Date
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT A, SUM(C) WHERE B = 'Sales' GROUP BY
A")
○ Explanation: Sums values in column C grouped by dates in column A where
column B is "Sales".
13. Applying Text Functions
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:B10, "SELECT A, UPPER(B)")
○ Explanation: Converts text in column B to uppercase and retrieves it along with
column A.
14. Filtering Based on Text Matching
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT * WHERE B CONTAINS 'Error'")
○ Explanation: Retrieves rows where column B contains the text "Error".
15. Performing Date Calculations
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT A, DATEDIFF(C, A) WHERE A IS NOT
NULL")
○ Explanation: Calculates the difference in days between dates in columns C and
A.
16. Filtering Based on Cell References
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT * WHERE B = '" & E1 & "'")
○ Explanation: Retrieves rows where column B matches the value in cell E1.
17. Displaying Data with Headers
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT * LABEL A 'Name', B 'Amount', C 'Date'")
○ Explanation: Retrieves all columns and renames headers to "Name", "Amount",
and "Date".
18. Aggregating Data with Custom Calculations
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT A, SUM(B) / COUNT(C) GROUP BY A")

○ Explanation: Computes the sum of column B divided by the count of column C,
grouped by unique values in column A.
19. Filtering Based on Multiple Text Criteria
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT * WHERE B = 'Completed' OR C =
'Pending'")
○ Explanation: Retrieves rows where column B is "Completed" or column C is
"Pending".
20. Joining Data with Conditional Filtering
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT A, SUM(B) WHERE C = 'Active' GROUP BY
A")
○ Explanation: Sums values in column B grouped by column A where column C is
"Active".
21. Sorting and Filtering Simultaneously
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:D10, "SELECT A, B WHERE C > 100 ORDER BY B DESC")
○ Explanation: Retrieves columns A and B where column C is greater than 100,
sorted by column B in descending order.
22. Using Subqueries
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT A, (SELECT AVG(B) FROM A1:C10 WHERE
C = 'Category') WHERE C = 'Category'")
○ Explanation: Retrieves column A and the average of column B where column C
matches "Category".
23. Filtering Based on Numeric Ranges
○ Example: =QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT * WHERE B BETWEEN 50 AND 100")
○ Explanation: Retrieves rows where values in column B are between 50 and 100.
24. Handling Errors in Queries
○ Example: =IFERROR(QUERY(A1:C10, "SELECT A, B WHERE C IS NOT NULL"),
"No Data Found")
○ Explanation: Uses IFERROR to handle errors in the QUERY function, displaying
"No Data Found" if the query fails.
25. Combining QUERY with Other Functions
○ Example: =SUM(QUERY(A1:B10, "SELECT B WHERE A = 'Total'"))
○ Explanation: Uses QUERY to filter values in column B where column A is "Total"
and then sums the results.
SPARKLINE Formula Basic Structure
=SPARKLINE(data_range, [options])
● data_range: The range of cells that contains the data for the sparkline.
● options (optional): A set of key-value pairs to customize the sparkline.
SPARKLINE Use Cases
1. Basic Line Sparkline

○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10)
○ Explanation: Creates a basic line chart to visualize data in the range A1.
2. Column Sparkline
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10, {"charttype", "column"})
○ Explanation: Displays data as a vertical column chart.
3. Bar Sparkline
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10, {"charttype", "bar"})
○ Explanation: Shows data as a horizontal bar chart.
4. Customized Line Color
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10, {"charttype", "line"; "color", "red"})
○ Explanation: Creates a line sparkline with a red line color.
5. Customized Column Color
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10, {"charttype", "column"; "color", "blue"})
○ Explanation: Displays columns in blue.
6. Adding a Max and Min Point
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10, {"charttype", "line"; "linecolor", "green";
"maxcolor", "red"; "mincolor", "blue"})
○ Explanation: Creates a line sparkline with customized colors for maximum and
minimum points.
7. Changing Sparkline Width and Height
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10, {"charttype", "column"; "width", 100; "height",
20})
○ Explanation: Sets the width and height of the column sparkline.
8. Adding a Highlight for Positive and Negative Values
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10, {"charttype", "line"; "color", "green";
"negativecolor", "red"})
○ Explanation: Highlights negative values in red while positive values are in green.
9. Showing Data Points with Custom Marker
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10, {"charttype", "line"; "linecolor", "purple";
"pointsize", 5; "pointcolor", "yellow"})
○ Explanation: Creates a line sparkline with yellow data points.
10. Displaying Sparklines in a Table
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10)
○ Explanation: Use sparklines in a column within a table to show trends for each
row of data.
11. Visualizing Sales Trends
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(B1:B12, {"charttype", "line"; "linecolor", "blue"})
○ Explanation: Creates a line sparkline to visualize monthly sales trends from B1
to B12.
12. Tracking Progress Over Time
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(D1:D30, {"charttype", "column"; "color", "orange"})
○ Explanation: Shows progress over a month with a column sparkline in orange.
13. Comparing Performance Across Different Metrics
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(E1:E10, {"charttype", "bar"; "color", "gray"})
○ Explanation: Uses a bar sparkline to compare performance metrics.
14. Highlighting Variations with Different Colors

○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A10, {"charttype", "line"; "linecolor", "blue";
"mincolor", "red"; "maxcolor", "green"})
○ Explanation: Highlights minimum and maximum values with different colors in a
line sparkline.
15. Visualizing Budget Variance
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(B1:B12, {"charttype", "line"; "color", "teal"})
○ Explanation: Uses a line sparkline to display budget variance over the year.
16. Creating a Trend Line for Survey Data
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(C1:C15, {"charttype", "line"; "linecolor", "pink"})
○ Explanation: Creates a trend line for survey responses using a pink line
sparkline.
17. Visualizing Weekly Attendance
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(A1:A7, {"charttype", "bar"; "color", "green"})
○ Explanation: Displays weekly attendance data using a green bar sparkline.
18. Tracking Project Milestones
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(D1:D12, {"charttype", "column"; "color", "purple"})
○ Explanation: Shows project milestone progress with a purple column sparkline.
19. Monitoring Stock Price Movements
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(F1:F30, {"charttype", "line"; "linecolor", "black"})
○ Explanation: Uses a line sparkline to track daily stock price movements.
20. Highlighting Variability in Production Data
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(G1:G20, {"charttype", "line"; "color", "brown";
"mincolor", "red"; "maxcolor", "green"})
○ Explanation: Highlights variability in production data with different colors for min
and max values.
21. Creating a Sparkline for Financial Data
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(H1:H12, {"charttype", "column"; "color", "cyan"})
○ Explanation: Shows financial data trends using a cyan column sparkline.
22. Visualizing Customer Satisfaction Ratings
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(I1:I10, {"charttype", "bar"; "color", "blue"})
○ Explanation: Displays customer satisfaction ratings with a blue bar sparkline.
23. Tracking Changes in Inventory Levels
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(J1:J15, {"charttype", "line"; "linecolor", "gray"})
○ Explanation: Uses a line sparkline to track changes in inventory levels.
24. Visualizing Sales Targets vs. Actuals
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(K1:K12, {"charttype", "column"; "color", "orange"})
○ Explanation: Compares sales targets with actual sales using an orange column
sparkline.
25. Displaying Trend of Web Traffic
○ Example: =SPARKLINE(L1:L30, {"charttype", "line"; "linecolor", "violet"})
○ Explanation: Creates a line sparkline to visualize web traffic trends.
OFFSET Formula Basic Structure
=OFFSET(reference, rows, cols, [height], [width])

● reference: The starting cell reference.
● rows: The number of rows to move from the reference cell.
● cols: The number of columns to move from the reference cell.
● height (optional): The number of rows to return.
● width (optional): The number of columns to return.
OFFSET Formula Use Cases
1. Dynamic Range Selection
○ Example: =SUM(OFFSET(A1, 0, 0, 10, 1))
○ Explanation: Sums the values in a dynamic range starting from cell A1 and
extending 10 rows down in the same column.
2. Creating a Dynamic Chart Range
○ Example: =OFFSET(A1, 0, 0, COUNTA(A:A), 1)
○ Explanation: Creates a dynamic range for a chart that adjusts based on the
number of non-empty cells in column A.
3. Referencing a Range with Moving Start Point
○ Example: =AVERAGE(OFFSET(B1, 2, 1, 5, 1))
○ Explanation: Averages the values in a range starting 2 rows down and 1 column
to the right of cell B1, with a height of 5 rows and 1 column.
4. Dynamic Named Ranges
○ Example: =OFFSET(D1, 0, 0, 12, 1)
○ Explanation: Defines a named range that starts at cell D1 and extends 12 rows
down and 1 column wide.
5. Extracting Data from a Table
○ Example: =SUM(OFFSET(C3, 0, 0, 3, 2))
○ Explanation: Sums the values in a range that starts at cell C3, covers 3 rows
and 2 columns.
6. Dynamic Data Filtering
○ Example: =SUM(OFFSET(A1, MATCH("StartDate", A:A, 0)-1, 0,
MATCH("EndDate", A:A, 0) - MATCH("StartDate", A:A, 0) + 1, 1))
○ Explanation: Sums data between two dates where "StartDate" and "EndDate"
are matched in column A.
7. Shifting Data Range Based on Conditions
○ Example: =AVERAGE(OFFSET(B1, 0, IF(C1="Monthly", 0, 1), 10, 1))
○ Explanation: Averages values starting from cell B1, adjusted by a column based
on a condition in cell C1.
8. Creating a Dynamic Chart Data Series
○ Example: =OFFSET(A1, 0, 0, COUNTA(A:A)-1, 1)
○ Explanation: Adjusts the data series for a chart to include all data in column A
except the header.
9. Building a Summary Table
○ Example: =SUM(OFFSET(E2, 0, 0, 10, 3))

○ Explanation: Sums a range starting from cell E2 with a height of 10 rows and
width of 3 columns, used for summary calculations.
10. Finding Values in a Dynamic Range
○ Example: =INDEX(OFFSET(A1, 0, 0, 5, 1), 3)
○ Explanation: Retrieves the third value in a range starting from A1, 5 rows down
and 1 column wide.
11. Conditional Range Selection
○ Example: =SUM(OFFSET(A1, IF(B1 > 100, 2, 0), 0, 10, 1))
○ Explanation: Sums a range based on a condition in B1, shifting 2 rows down if
B1 is greater than 100.
12. Creating a Dynamic Average Range
○ Example: =AVERAGE(OFFSET(C1, 0, 0, ROWS(C:C)-1, 1))
○ Explanation: Averages all values in column C, starting from C1 to the end of the
data.
13. Retrieving Data from a Moving Cell Range
○ Explanation: Sums values in a range starting 2 rows down and 2 columns to the
right of A1, with a height of 4 rows and 3 columns.
14. Summarizing a Variable Data Range
○ Example: =SUM(OFFSET(A1, 0, 0, B1, 1))
○ Explanation: Sums values starting from A1 with a height determined by the
value in B1.
15. Displaying Data in a Moving Window
○ Example: =OFFSET(A1, ROWS(A:A) - 5, 0, 5, 1)
○ Explanation: Displays the last 5 rows of data from column A starting from 5 rows
above the end of the data range.
16. Setting Up a Rolling Total
○ Example: =SUM(OFFSET(B1, MAX(0, ROW()-10), 0, 10, 1))
○ Explanation: Computes the sum of the last 10 values in column B, adjusted for
the current row.
17. Dynamic Data Extraction Based on User Input
○ Example: =SUM(OFFSET(A1, 0, 0, D1, 1))
○ Explanation: Sums values in column A, with the number of rows determined by
the value in cell D1.
18. Tracking Sales Data by Month
○ Example: =SUM(OFFSET(B2, MONTH(TODAY())-1, 0, 1, 1))
○ Explanation: Sums sales data for the current month based on the current date.
19. Creating a Rolling Average Calculation
○ Example: =AVERAGE(OFFSET(B1, ROW()-5, 0, 5, 1))
○ Explanation: Calculates a rolling average of the last 5 values in column B.
20. Customizing Data Range for Analysis
○ Explanation: Sums the first 20 rows of data starting from cell A1.

FILTER Formula Basic Structure
=FILTER(range, condition1, [condition2, ...])
● range: The range of cells to filter.
● condition1: The first condition to apply.
● condition2 (optional): Additional conditions to apply.
FILTER Formula Use Cases
1. Filtering Based on a Single Condition
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, B1:B10 > 50)
○ Explanation: Filters the rows in the range A1
where values in column B are greater than 50.
2. Filtering Multiple Conditions with AND
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:C10, B1:B10 > 50, C1:C10 < 100)
○ Explanation: Filters rows where values in column B are greater than 50 and
values in column C are less than 100.
3. Filtering Based on Text Criteria
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, A1:A10 = "Completed")
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column A contains the text "Completed".
4. Filtering Based on Numeric Criteria
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, B1:B10 >= 1000)
○ Explanation: Filters rows where values in column B are greater than or equal to
1000.
5. Filtering Based on Date Range
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, A1:A10 >= DATE(2024,1,1), A1:A10 <=
DATE(2024,12,31))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where dates in column A fall within the year 2024.
6. Filtering Based on Text Containment
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, REGEXMATCH(A1:A10, "Error"))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column A contains the text "Error".
7. Filtering Unique Values
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:A10, COUNTIF(A1:A10, A1:A10) = 1)
○ Explanation: Filters and displays unique values from column A.
8. Filtering for Non-Empty Cells
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, A1:A10 <> "")
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column A is not empty.
9. Filtering Based on Boolean Values
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, C1:C10 = TRUE)
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column C has a TRUE value.
10. Filtering and Sorting Together
○ Example: =SORT(FILTER(A1:B10, B1:B10 > 50), 2, TRUE)

○ Explanation: Filters rows where column B is greater than 50, and then sorts the
result by column B in ascending order.
11. Filtering for Top N Values
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, B1:B10 >= LARGE(B1:B10, 5))
○ Explanation: Filters rows to show the top 5 values in column B.
12. Filtering Based on Multiple Text Criteria
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, (A1:A10 = "Completed") + (A1:A10 = "Pending"))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column A contains either "Completed" or
"Pending".
13. Filtering by Partial Matches
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, REGEXMATCH(A1:A10, "Complete.*"))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column A contains text starting with "Complete".
14. Filtering Data for a Specific Department
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:C10, C1:C10 = "Sales")
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column C is "Sales".
15. Filtering Data with OR Conditions
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, (B1:B10 < 30) + (C1:C10 = "High"))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where values in column B are less than 30 or values in
column C are "High".
16. Filtering Rows with Missing Data
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, ISBLANK(B1:B10))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column B is empty.
17. Filtering Based on User Input
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, A1:A10 = E1)
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column A matches the value in cell E1.
18. Filtering and Summarizing Data
○ Example: =SUM(FILTER(B1:B10, A1:A10 = "Completed"))
○ Explanation: Sums values in column B where column A is "Completed".
19. Filtering Based on Multiple Columns
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:C10, (B1:B10 > 50) * (C1:C10 < 100))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where values in column B are greater than 50 and
values in column C are less than 100.
20. Filtering with Date and Text Conditions
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:C10, (B1:B10 > DATE(2024,1,1)) * (C1:C10 = "Active"))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where dates in column B are after January 1, 2024,
and column C is "Active".
21. Filtering for a Specific Range of Numbers
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, B1:B10 >= 20, B1:B10 <= 50)
○ Explanation: Filters rows where values in column B are between 20 and 50.
22. Filtering Data for Custom Categories
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:C10, C1:C10 = "Category1")
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column C is "Category1".
23. Filtering for High and Low Values

○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, (B1:B10 > 75) + (B1:B10 < 25))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where values in column B are either greater than 75 or
less than 25.
24. Filtering with Dynamic Criteria
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, B1:B10 >= F1)
○ Explanation: Filters rows where values in column B are greater than or equal to
the value in cell F1.
25. Filtering by Presence of a Specific Word
○ Example: =FILTER(A1:A10, SEARCH("Product", A1:A10))
○ Explanation: Filters rows where column A contains the word "Product".
ARRAY_CONSTRAIN Formula Basic Structure
=ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(array, num_rows, num_cols)
● array: The range or array to be constrained.
● num_rows: The number of rows to include from the array.
● num_cols: The number of columns to include from the array.
ARRAY_CONSTRAIN Formula Use Cases
1. Limiting Rows of a Data Range
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(A1:C20, 5, 3)
○ Explanation: Limits the range to the first 5 rows and 3 columns from the data in
A1.
2. Extracting a Fixed-size Subarray
○ Explanation: Extracts a 10-row by 2-column subarray from the data starting at
A1.
3. Creating a Smaller Table from Larger Dataset
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(D1:F50, 8, 4)
○ Explanation: Creates an 8-row by 4-column table from the dataset in D1.
4. Displaying Top N Rows from a Query
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(QUERY(A1:C100, "SELECT A, B ORDER BY B
DESC"), 10, 2)
○ Explanation: Shows the top 10 rows with 2 columns from a query result sorted
by column B in descending order.
5. Showing the First Few Rows of Filtered Data
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(FILTER(A1:B20, B1:B20 > 100), 5, 2)
○ Explanation: Filters data where column B is greater than 100 and limits the
result to 5 rows and 2 columns.
6. Limiting Data Range for Charts
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(A1:B50, 15, 2)

○ Explanation: Constrains the data to the first 15 rows and 2 columns, which can
be useful for charting a subset of data.
7. Creating a Preview of a Large Dataset
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(A1:E100, 5, 3)
○ Explanation: Creates a preview showing the first 5 rows and 3 columns of the
dataset in A1.
8. Constrain Results of a Formula
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(TRANSPOSE(A1:B10), 10, 2)
○ Explanation: Transposes the range A1
and limits it to the first 10 rows and 2 columns.
9. Showing Part of a Large Data Set Based on User Input
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(A1:B100, G1, H1)
○ Explanation: Limits the range to the number of rows and columns specified in
cells G1 and H1, respectively.
10. Extracting a Subset for Conditional Formatting
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(A1:D50, 7, 3)
○ Explanation: Extracts a 7-row by 3-column subset of data, useful for applying
conditional formatting rules to a smaller portion of the dataset.
11. Limiting the Output of a Complex Formula
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(QUERY(A1:C100, "SELECT A, B, C WHERE B >
100"), 5, 3)
○ Explanation: Limits the output of a query to the first 5 rows and 3 columns where
column B values are greater than 100.
12. Creating a Subset for Testing or Debugging
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(MATCH(A1:A20, B1:B20, 0), 5, 1)
○ Explanation: Limits the result of a MATCH function to the first 5 rows.
13. Extracting Specific Rows and Columns
○ Explanation: Extracts the first 6 rows and 2 columns from A1
for focused analysis.
14. Previewing Data in a Dashboard
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(SORT(A1:B100, 2, TRUE), 10, 2)
○ Explanation: Sorts data by column B and then limits the result to the top 10 rows
and 2 columns.
15. Restricting Output for Improved Performance
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(VLOOKUP(D1:D10, A1:B100, 2, FALSE), 10, 1)
○ Explanation: Limits the VLOOKUP output to 10 rows and 1 column to optimize
performance.
16. Focusing on the Latest Data Entries
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(SORT(A1:C100, 1, FALSE), 5, 3)
○ Explanation: Sorts data in descending order by column A and then limits the
result to the 5 most recent entries.
17. Generating a Summary Report
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(SUMIF(A1:A50, ">100", B1:B50), 10, 1)
○ Explanation: Summarizes data where column A is greater than 100, constrained
to the first 10 rows.

18. Displaying the First Few Results of a Data Import
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(IMPORTDATA("URL"), 20, 3)
○ Explanation: Imports data from a URL and limits the display to the first 20 rows
and 3 columns.
19. Creating a Dynamic Report Preview
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(QUERY(A1:B100, "SELECT A, B WHERE B <
50"), 10, 2)
○ Explanation: Queries data to select rows where column B is less than 50 and
limits the result to the first 10 rows and 2 columns.
20. Limiting Results of Aggregated Data
○ Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(SUMPRODUCT(A1:A50, B1:B50), 5, 1)
○ Explanation: Aggregates data with SUMPRODUCT and limits the output to the
first 5 rows.
IMPORTXML Formula Basic Structure
=IMPORTXML(url, xpath_query)
● url: The URL of the web page to import data from.
● xpath_query: The XPath expression that specifies the data to extract from the web
page.
IMPORTXML Formula Use Cases
1. Extracting Headlines from a News Website
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-news-site.com", "//h1")
○ Explanation: Extracts all the <h1> headlines from the news website.
2. Getting Stock Prices from Financial Websites
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-financial-site.com/stock-
ticker", "//span[@class='stock-price']")
○ Explanation: Extracts the stock price displayed in a <span> with the class
'stock-price'.
3. Fetching Weather Information
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-weather-site.com",
"//div[@id='current-temperature']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves the current temperature from the div with ID 'current-
temperature'.
4. Importing Product Prices from an E-commerce Site
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-store.com/product-page",
"//span[@class='price']")
○ Explanation: Extracts the product price from the <span> element with the class
'price'.
5. Extracting Review Ratings

○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-review-site.com/product-
reviews", "//div[@class='rating']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves review ratings from the <div> elements with the class
'rating'.
6. Getting Table Data from a Web Page
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-table-site.com",
"//table[@id='data-table']")
○ Explanation: Extracts all data from the table with ID 'data-table'.
7. Fetching Currency Exchange Rates
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-currency-site.com",
"//div[@class='exchange-rate']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves exchange rates from the <div> with the class 'exchange-
rate'.
8. Importing Event Dates from a Calendar
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-calendar-site.com",
"//ul[@class='event-dates']/li")
○ Explanation: Extracts all event dates listed in <li> elements within a <ul> with
the class 'event-dates'.
9. Retrieving News Article Summaries
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-news-site.com",
"//p[@class='summary']")
○ Explanation: Extracts article summaries from <p> elements with the class
'summary'.
10. Getting Latest Blog Post Titles
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-blog-site.com",
"//h2[@class='post-title']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves the titles of the latest blog posts from <h2> elements
with the class 'post-title'.
11. Extracting Email Addresses from a Web Directory
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-directory.com",
"//a[@class='email']")
○ Explanation: Extracts email addresses from <a> elements with the class 'email'.
12. Fetching Movie Showtimes
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-cinema-site.com",
"//div[@class='showtime']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves movie showtimes from <div> elements with the class
'showtime'.
13. Importing Recipe Ingredients
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-recipe-site.com",
"//ul[@class='ingredients']/li")
○ Explanation: Extracts ingredients listed in <li> elements within a <ul> with the
class 'ingredients'.

14. Getting Sports Scores
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-sports-site.com",
"//span[@class='score']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves sports scores from <span> elements with the class
'score'.
15. Extracting Contact Information
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-contact-site.com",
"//div[@class='contact-info']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves contact information from <div> elements with the class
'contact-info'.
16. Fetching Stock Market News
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-stock-news-site.com",
"//div[@class='news-item']")
○ Explanation: Extracts stock market news items from <div> elements with the
class 'news-item'.
17. Getting Latest Tweets
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://twitter.com/example",
"//div[@class='tweet']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves the latest tweets from <div> elements with the class
'tweet'.
18. Extracting Job Listings
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-job-site.com",
"//div[@class='job-listing']")
○ Explanation: Extracts job listings from <div> elements with the class 'job-listing'.
19. Fetching Data from Financial Reports
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-financial-report.com",
"//table[@class='financials']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves financial data from a table with the class 'financials'.
20. Getting Public Transportation Schedules
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-transit-site.com",
"//table[@class='schedule']")
○ Explanation: Extracts public transportation schedules from a table with the class
'schedule'.
21. Extracting Product Descriptions
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-products.com",
"//div[@class='product-description']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves product descriptions from <div> elements with the class
'product-description'.
22. Fetching Upcoming Events
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-events.com",
"//span[@class='event-date']")
○ Explanation: Extracts upcoming event dates from <span> elements with the
class 'event-date'.
23. Importing List of Authors

○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-authors-site.com",
"//a[@class='author-name']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves a list of authors from <a> elements with the class
'author-name'.
24. Getting Product Availability
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-store.com/product-page",
"//span[@class='availability']")
○ Explanation: Extracts product availability status from <span> elements with the
class 'availability'.
25. Fetching Real Estate Listings
○ Example: =IMPORTXML("https://www.example-real-estate.com",
"//div[@class='listing']")
○ Explanation: Retrieves real estate listings from <div> elements with the class
'listing'.
TRANSPOSE Formula Basic Structure
=TRANSPOSE(range)
● range: The range of cells you want to transpose.
TRANSPOSE Formula Use Cases
1. Switching Rows and Columns
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:B10)
○ Explanation: Converts the data in range A1
from rows to columns, or vice versa.
2. Converting a Row of Data into a Column
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:G1)
○ Explanation: Converts a single row of data in A1
into a single column.
3. Converting a Column of Data into a Row
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:A10)
○ Explanation: Converts a single column of data in A1
into a single row.
4. Rearranging Data for Better Layout
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:C5)
○ Explanation: Reorients the 5x3 data range in A1
to a 3x5 layout.
5. Creating a Dynamic List from a Horizontal Range
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:F1)
○ Explanation: Converts a horizontal list (A1
) into a vertical list for easier handling.
6. Preparing Data for Charting

○ Explanation: Transposes data to match the required layout for a chart.
7. Reorganizing Data for Comparison
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(D1:D6)
○ Explanation: Converts a vertical list into a horizontal format for comparison with
other data sets.
8. Arranging Monthly Data for Reporting
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:L1)
○ Explanation: Converts data from a single row of monthly figures into a vertical
format for easier annual reporting.
9. Pivoting Data from a Database Export
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:D20)
○ Explanation: Transposes a data set exported from a database to align with a
report's requirements.
10. Transforming Contact List Format
○ Explanation: Converts a contact list from a vertical format (Name, Email) into a
horizontal layout.
11. Reshaping Survey Data
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:D50)
○ Explanation: Transposes survey responses for easier analysis in different
orientations.
12. Simplifying Data Entry
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:E5)
○ Explanation: Converts a block of data into a transposed format to fit a new
template or form.
13. Converting Dynamic Data Ranges
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(FILTER(A1:A100, A1:A100 <> ""))
○ Explanation: Filters and then transposes non-empty values from a column into a
row.
14. Reformatting Data for API Responses
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:F10)
○ Explanation: Transposes data received from an API to match the required input
format for another application.
15. Adjusting Data Layout for Presentation
○ Explanation: Transposes data to fit a presentation slide layout.
16. Rearranging Data from Imported Sources
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(IMPORTDATA("URL"))
○ Explanation: Transposes data imported from a URL to fit the desired layout.
17. Transforming Date Entries
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:A12)
○ Explanation: Converts a list of dates from a vertical column into a horizontal row
for calendar formatting.
18. Creating Dashboards with Different Orientations
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(SHEET2!A1:D10)

○ Explanation: Transposes data from another sheet to create a dashboard with a
different layout.
19. Aligning Data for Conditional Formatting
○ Explanation: Reorients data to apply conditional formatting rules more
effectively.
20. Adjusting Data Layout for Pivot Tables
○ Explanation: Transposes data to match the layout requirements for a pivot table
analysis.
21. Reformatting Contact Information
○ Explanation: Converts a list of contact information from rows to columns for
easier access.
22. Preparing Data for Email Merging
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:C10)
○ Explanation: Transposes data to fit the format needed for email merge
templates.
23. Aligning Results from Multiple Formulas
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE({FORMULA1, FORMULA2})
○ Explanation: Transposes results from multiple formulas to create a unified,
readable format.
24. Formatting Customer Feedback for Analysis
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:E10)
○ Explanation: Transposes feedback data to facilitate more accessible analysis
and visualization.
25. Creating a Summary Table from Detail Data
○ Example: =TRANSPOSE(SUM(A1:A10))
○ Explanation: Transposes summarized data from a detail list to a more
manageable table format.
DATE Formula
Syntax: =DATE(year, month, day)
● year: The year of the date.
● month: The month of the date (1-12).
● day: The day of the date (1-31).
Use Cases:
1. Creating a Specific Date
○ Example: =DATE(2024, 8, 30)
○ Explanation: Creates the date August 30, 2024.

2. Calculating Age from Birthdate
○ Example: =YEAR(TODAY()) - YEAR(DATE(1990, 5, 15))
○ Explanation: Calculates age based on the birthdate May 15, 1990.
3. Finding the First Day of the Month
○ Example: =DATE(2024, 8, 1)
○ Explanation: Returns August 1, 2024.
4. Generating Date from Separate Year, Month, Day Cells
○ Example: =DATE(A1, B1, C1) where A1 = 2024, B1 = 8, C1 = 30
○ Explanation: Creates the date from values in cells A1, B1, and C1.
5. Setting a Deadline Date
○ Example: =DATE(2024, 12, 31)
○ Explanation: Sets a deadline for December 31, 2024.
DATEVALUE Formula
Syntax: =DATEVALUE(date_string)
● date_string: The date in text format.
Use Cases:
1. Converting Text to Date
○ Example: =DATEVALUE("August 30, 2024")
○ Explanation: Converts the text "August 30, 2024" into a date format.
2. Parsing Dates from Imported Data
○ Example: =DATEVALUE(A1) where A1 contains "2024-08-30"
○ Explanation: Converts text date in cell A1 into a date value.
3. Extracting Date from a Date String
○ Example: =DATEVALUE("30-Aug-2024")
○ Explanation: Converts the text "30-Aug-2024" into a date value.

TODAY Formula
Syntax: =TODAY()
● Returns: The current date.
Use Cases:
1. Displaying the Current Date
○ Example: =TODAY()
○ Explanation: Shows today’s date.
2. Calculating Days Until a Future Event
○ Example: =DATE(2024, 12, 31) - TODAY()
○ Explanation: Calculates the number of days until December 31, 2024.
3. Updating Dates Dynamically
○ Example: =TODAY() + 7
○ Explanation: Displays the date one week from today.

NOW Formula
Syntax: =NOW()
● Returns: The current date and time.
Use Cases:
1. Displaying Current Date and Time
○ Example: =NOW()
○ Explanation: Shows the current date and time.
2. Calculating Time Difference
○ Example: =NOW() - DATE(2024, 8, 30)
○ Explanation: Calculates the number of days and time since August 30, 2024.
3. Creating Timestamps for Entries
○ Example: =NOW()
○ Explanation: Inserts the current date and time for logging activities.

EDATE Formula
Syntax: =EDATE(start_date, months)
● start_date: The starting date.
● months: The number of months to add or subtract.
Use Cases:
1. Finding the Date One Month Later
○ Example: =EDATE(TODAY(), 1)
○ Explanation: Returns the date one month from today.
2. Calculating Due Date in 6 Months
○ Example: =EDATE(DATE(2024, 8, 30), 6)
○ Explanation: Calculates the date 6 months after August 30, 2024.
3. Setting Subscription Renewal Date
○ Example: =EDATE(DATE(2024, 8, 30), -12)
○ Explanation: Finds the date 12 months before August 30, 2024.

DATEDIF Formula
Syntax: =DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)
● start_date: The start date.
● end_date: The end date.
● unit: The unit of time to return ("Y" for years, "M" for months, "D" for days).
Use Cases:
1. Calculating Age in Years
○ Example: =DATEDIF(DATE(1990, 5, 15), TODAY(), "Y")
○ Explanation: Calculates age in years from May 15, 1990, to today.
2. Finding Months Between Two Dates
○ Example: =DATEDIF(DATE(2023, 1, 1), DATE(2024, 8, 30), "M")
○ Explanation: Calculates the number of months between January 1, 2023, and
August 30, 2024.
3. Calculating Days Between Two Dates
○ Example: =DATEDIF(DATE(2024, 8, 30), DATE(2024, 12, 31), "D")
○ Explanation: Finds the number of days between August 30, 2024, and
December 31, 2024.

WORKDAY Formula
Syntax: =WORKDAY(start_date, num_days, [weekend], [holidays])
● num_days: The number of workdays to add.
● weekend: (Optional) Specifies which days are weekends.
● holidays: (Optional) A range of dates to consider as holidays.
Use Cases:
1. Finding a Deadline Excluding Weekends
○ Example: =WORKDAY(TODAY(), 10)
○ Explanation: Finds the date 10 workdays from today, excluding weekends.
2. Calculating Project End Date Excluding Holidays
○ Example: =WORKDAY(DATE(2024, 8, 30), 20, 1, H1:H5)
○ Explanation: Calculates the end date 20 workdays from August 30, 2024,
excluding weekends and holidays listed in H1.
3. Determining the Next Workday After a Holiday
○ Example: =WORKDAY(DATE(2024, 8, 30), 1)
○ Explanation: Finds the next workday after August 30, 2024.

NETWORKDAYS Formula
Syntax: =NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date, [weekend], [holidays])
● weekend: (Optional) Specifies which days are weekends.
● holidays: (Optional) A range of dates to consider as holidays.
Use Cases:
1. Calculating Business Days Between Two Dates
○ Example: =NETWORKDAYS(DATE(2024, 8, 1), DATE(2024, 8, 30))
○ Explanation: Counts the number of business days between August 1, 2024, and
August 30, 2024.
2. Calculating Working Days Excluding Holidays
○ Example: =NETWORKDAYS(DATE(2024, 8, 1), DATE(2024, 8, 30), 1, H1:H5)
○ Explanation: Counts the business days between August 1 and August 30, 2024,
excluding weekends and holidays listed in H1.
3. Determining Work Hours Available
○ Example: =NETWORKDAYS(TODAY(), DATE(2024, 12, 31)) * 8
○ Explanation: Calculates the total number of work hours available from today
until December 31, 2024, assuming 8 work hours per day.

EOMONTH Formula
Syntax: =EOMONTH(start_date, months)
● start_date: The starting date.
● months: The number of months to add or subtract.
Use Cases:
1. Finding the End of the Month
○ Example: =EOMONTH(TODAY(), 0)
○ Explanation: Returns the last day of the current month.
2. Calculating the End of Next Month
○ Example: =EOMONTH(TODAY(), 1)
○ Explanation: Returns the last day of the next month.
3. Finding the End of Previous Month
○ Example: =EOMONTH(TODAY(), -1)
○ Explanation: Returns the last day of the previous month.

DAYS Formula
Syntax: =DAYS(end_date, start_date)
Use Cases:
1. Calculating Days Between Two Dates
○ Example: =DAYS(DATE(2024, 8, 30), DATE(2024, 8, 1))
○ Explanation: Calculates the number of days between August 1, 2024, and
August 30, 2024.
2. Finding the Number of Days Left in the Month
○ Example: =DAYS(EOMONTH(TODAY(), 0), TODAY())
○ Explanation: Calculates the number of days remaining in the current month.
3. Determining Days Since a Specific Date
○ Example: =DAYS(TODAY(), DATE(2023, 12, 31))
○ Explanation: Finds the number of days since December 31, 2023.
YEAR Formula
Syntax: =YEAR(date)

● date: The date from which to extract the year.
Use Cases:
1. Extracting Year from a Date
○ Example: =YEAR(DATE(2024, 8, 30))
○ Explanation: Returns 2024.
2. Calculating the Year Part of Today's Date
○ Example: =YEAR(TODAY())
○ Explanation: Returns the current year.
3. Finding the Year from a Date in a Cell
○ Example: =YEAR(A1) where A1 contains a date.
○ Explanation: Extracts the year from the date in cell A1.
MONTH Formula
Syntax: =MONTH(date)
● date: The date from which to extract the month.
Use Cases:

1. Extracting Month from a Date
○ Example: =MONTH(DATE(2024, 8, 30))
2. Calculating the Month Part of Today's Date
○ Example: =MONTH(TODAY())
○ Explanation: Returns the current month.
3. Finding the Month from a Date in a Cell
○ Example: =MONTH(A1) where A1 contains a date.
○ Explanation: Extracts the month from the date in cell A1.
DAY Formula
Syntax: =DAY(date)
● date: The date from which to extract the day.
Use Cases:
1. Extracting Day from a Date
○ Example: =DAY(DATE(2024, 8, 30))
2. Calculating the Day Part of Today's Date

○ Example: =DAY(TODAY())
○ Explanation: Returns the current day.
3. Finding the Day from a Date in a Cell
○ Example: =DAY(A1) where A1 contains a date.
○ Explanation: Extracts the day from the date in cell A1.
ISOWEEKNUM Formula
Syntax: =ISOWEEKNUM(date)
● date: The date for which to find the ISO week number.
Use Cases:
1. Finding the ISO Week Number for a Given Date
○ Example: =ISOWEEKNUM(DATE(2024, 8, 30))
○ Explanation: Returns the ISO week number for August 30, 2024.
2. Calculating the Week Number of Today’s Date
○ Example: =ISOWEEKNUM(TODAY())
○ Explanation: Returns the ISO week number for today’s date.
3. Determining the ISO Week Number from a Cell Date
○ Example: =ISOWEEKNUM(A1) where A1 contains a date.

○ Explanation: Extracts the ISO week number from the date in cell A1.
ROUND
Syntax: =ROUND(number, [num_digits])
● number: The number you want to round.
● num_digits: (Optional) The number of digits to round to. If omitted, defaults to 0 (rounds
to the nearest whole number).
Use Cases:
1. Rounding to Nearest Whole Number
○ Example: =ROUND(3.67)
○ Explanation: Rounds 3.67 to the nearest whole number, which is 4.
2. Rounding to a Specific Decimal Place
○ Example: =ROUND(3.6789, 2)
○ Explanation: Rounds 3.6789 to 2 decimal places, resulting in 3.68.
3. Rounding Negative Numbers
○ Example: =ROUND(-3.67)
○ Explanation: Rounds -3.67 to the nearest whole number, which is -4.
4. Rounding Currency Values
○ Example: =ROUND(19.995, 2)
○ Explanation: Rounds 19.995 to 2 decimal places, resulting in 20.00.
5. Rounding Large Numbers
○ Example: =ROUND(1234567.891, -2)
○ Explanation: Rounds 1234567.891 to the nearest hundred, resulting in 1234600.

FLOOR
Syntax: =FLOOR(number, significance)
● number: The number you want to round down.
● significance: The multiple to which you want to round down.
Use Cases:
1. Rounding Down to Nearest Whole Number
○ Example: =FLOOR(3.67, 1)
○ Explanation: Rounds 3.67 down to the nearest whole number, which is 3.
2. Rounding Down to Nearest 10
○ Example: =FLOOR(27, 10)
○ Explanation: Rounds 27 down to the nearest multiple of 10, which is 20.
3. Rounding Down to Nearest 0.5
○ Example: =FLOOR(2.7, 0.5)
○ Explanation: Rounds 2.7 down to the nearest 0.5, which is 2.5.
4. Rounding Down Negative Numbers
○ Example: =FLOOR(-3.67, 1)
○ Explanation: Rounds -3.67 down (more negative) to the nearest whole number,
which is -4.
5. Rounding Down for Price Calculations
○ Example: =FLOOR(19.99, 0.5)
○ Explanation: Rounds 19.99 down to the nearest 0.5, resulting in 19.50.
CEIL (CEILING)
Syntax: =CEILING(number, significance)

● number: The number you want to round up.
● significance: The multiple to which you want to round up.
Use Cases:
1. Rounding Up to Nearest Whole Number
○ Example: =CEILING(3.67, 1)
○ Explanation: Rounds 3.67 up to the nearest whole number, which is 4.
2. Rounding Up to Nearest 10
○ Example: =CEILING(27, 10)
○ Explanation: Rounds 27 up to the nearest multiple of 10, which is 30.
3. Rounding Up to Nearest 0.5
○ Example: =CEILING(2.3, 0.5)
○ Explanation: Rounds 2.3 up to the nearest 0.5, which is 2.5.
4. Rounding Up Negative Numbers
○ Example: =CEILING(-3.67, -1)
○ Explanation: Rounds -3.67 up (less negative) to the nearest multiple of -1, which
is -3.
5. Rounding Up for Inventory Counts
○ Example: =CEILING(19.99, 1)
○ Explanation: Rounds 19.99 up to the nearest whole number for inventory
purposes, resulting in 20.
CONCATENATE
Syntax: =CONCATENATE(text1, [text2, ...])
● text1, text2, ...: The text strings to concatenate.
Use Cases:
1. Combining First and Last Names
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1) or =CONCAT(A1, " ", B1)
○ Explanation: Combines the contents of cells A1 and B1 with a space in
between.
2. Creating Full Addresses
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, ", ", B1, ", ", C1) or =CONCAT(A1, ", ", B1, ", ",
C1)
○ Explanation: Joins street address (A1), city (B1), and zip code (C1) into a single
string.
3. Generating Custom IDs
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("ID-", A1) or =CONCAT("ID-", A1)
○ Explanation: Creates a unique ID by prefixing "ID-" to the value in cell A1.
4. Creating Email Addresses
○ Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, "@example.com") or =CONCAT(A1,
"@example.com")

○ Explanation: Forms an email address by appending "@example.com" to the
username in A1.
5. Building Custom Messages
○ Example: =CONCATENATE("Hello, ", A1, "!") or =CONCAT("Hello, ", A1, "!")
○ Explanation: Creates a personalized greeting using the name in cell A1.
TEXT
Syntax: =TEXT(value, format_text)
● value: The value to format.
● format_text: The format to apply.
Use Cases:
1. Formatting Dates
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "MM/DD/YYYY")
○ Explanation: Formats the date in A1 to "MM/DD/YYYY".
2. Formatting Numbers as Currency
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "$#,##0.00")
○ Explanation: Formats the number in A1 as currency with two decimal places.
3. Adding Leading Zeros
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "00000")
○ Explanation: Formats the number in A1 to always display as a five-digit number
with leading zeros if necessary.
4. Displaying Percentages
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "0.00%")
○ Explanation: Formats the value in A1 as a percentage with two decimal places.
5. Custom Date Formats
○ Example: =TEXT(A1, "dddd, mmmm dd, yyyy")
○ Explanation: Formats the date in A1 to display the full weekday name, month,
day, and year.

LEFT
Syntax: =LEFT(text, [num_chars])
● text: The text string from which to extract.
● num_chars: (Optional) The number of characters to extract.
Use Cases:
1. Extracting Initials
○ Example: =LEFT(A1, 2)
○ Explanation: Extracts the first 2 characters from the text in A1.
2. Getting Area Code from Phone Numbers
○ Explanation: Extracts the first 3 digits of a phone number in A1.
3. Extracting Substrings
○ Example: =LEFT(A1, FIND(" ", A1)-1)
○ Explanation: Extracts text up to the first space in A1.
4. Getting First Name
○ Example: =LEFT(A1, FIND(" ", A1) - 1)
○ Explanation: Extracts the first name from a full name in A1.
5. Extracting Product Codes
○ Explanation: Extracts the first 4 characters from a product code in A1.

RIGHT
Syntax: =RIGHT(text, [num_chars])
● num_chars: (Optional) The number of characters to extract.
Use Cases:
1. Extracting File Extensions
○ Example: =RIGHT(A1, 4)
○ Explanation: Extracts the last 4 characters of a file name to get the extension.
2. Getting Last Digits of IDs
○ Explanation: Extracts the last 5 characters from an ID in A1.
3. Extracting Domain from Email
○ Example: =RIGHT(A1, LEN(A1) - FIND("@", A1))
○ Explanation: Extracts the domain part from an email address in A1.
4. Getting Last Names
○ Example: =RIGHT(A1, LEN(A1) - FIND(" ", A1))
○ Explanation: Extracts the last name from a full name in A1.
5. Extracting Last Digits of Phone Numbers
○ Explanation: Extracts the last 4 digits of a phone number.

MID
Syntax: =MID(text, start_num, num_chars)
● start_num: The position to start extraction.
● num_chars: The number of characters to extract.
Use Cases:
1. Extracting Middle Name
○ Example: =MID(A1, FIND(" ", A1) + 1, FIND(" ", A1, FIND(" ", A1) + 1) - FIND(" ",
A1) - 1)
○ Explanation: Extracts the middle name from a full name in A1.
2. Extracting Specific Part of a Code
○ Example: =MID(A1, 3, 4)
○ Explanation: Extracts 4 characters starting from the 3rd position in A1.
3. Getting Substring from Product Codes
○ Explanation: Extracts a substring from the 2nd position, 5 characters long, from
a product code in A1.
4. Extracting Date from Timestamp
○ Explanation: Extracts the date part from a timestamp in A1 assuming the date is
the first 10 characters.
5. Extracting Serial Numbers
○ Explanation: Extracts 4 characters starting from the 6th position in a serial
number.

UPPER
Syntax: =UPPER(text)
● text: The text string you want to convert to uppercase.
Use Cases:
1. Standardizing Text Case
○ Example: =UPPER(A1)
○ Explanation: Converts the text in A1 to uppercase.
2. Formatting Product Names
○ Explanation: Converts product names in A1 to uppercase for uniformity.
3. Preparing Text for Consistent Formatting
○ Example: =UPPER("example text")
○ Explanation: Converts "example text" to "EXAMPLE TEXT".
4. Uniforming Email Addresses
○ Explanation: Converts email addresses in A1 to uppercase to ensure
consistency.
5. Creating Headings
○ Example: =UPPER("sales report")
○ Explanation: Converts "sales report" to "SALES REPORT" for headings.

LOWER
Syntax: =LOWER(text)
● text: The text string you want to convert to lowercase.
Use Cases:
1. Standardizing Text Case
○ Example: =LOWER(A1)
○ Explanation: Converts the text in A1 to lowercase.
2. Formatting Product Names
○ Explanation: Converts product names in A1 to lowercase for uniformity.
3. Preparing Text for Consistent Formatting
○ Example: =LOWER("EXAMPLE TEXT")
○ Explanation: Converts "EXAMPLE TEXT" to "example text".
4. Uniforming Email Addresses
○ Explanation: Converts email addresses in A1 to lowercase to ensure
consistency.
5. Creating Consistent Labels
○ Example: =LOWER("INVOICE NUMBER")
○ Explanation: Converts "INVOICE NUMBER" to "invoice number" for labels.
TRIM
Syntax: =TRIM(text)

● text: The text string to trim.
Use Cases:
1. Removing Extra Spaces
○ Example: =TRIM(A1)
○ Explanation: Removes extra spaces from the text in A1, leaving only single
spaces between words.
2. Cleaning Up Imported Data
○ Explanation: Removes unnecessary spaces from data imported into A1.
3. Preparing Data for Comparison
○ Explanation: Removes leading and trailing spaces from A1 for accurate data
comparison.
4. Standardizing User Inputs
○ Explanation: Cleans up user input by removing extra spaces.
5. Fixing Formatting Issues
○ Explanation: Ensures that text formatting is consistent by removing excess
spaces.
SEARCH
Syntax: =SEARCH(search_for, text_to_search, [start_num])
● search_for: The text to find.
● text_to_search: The text within which to search.
● start_num: (Optional) The position to start searching.

Use Cases:
1. Finding Position of a Word
○ Example: =SEARCH("apple", A1)
○ Explanation: Returns the position of "apple" in the text in A1.
2. Checking for Substring Presence
○ Example: =IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH("urgent", A1)), "Yes", "No")
○ Explanation: Checks if "urgent" is present in A1 and returns "Yes" or "No".
3. Finding Domain in Email Address
○ Example: =SEARCH("@", A1)
○ Explanation: Finds the position of "@" in an email address in A1.
4. Locating a Keyword in Text
○ Example: =SEARCH("keyword", A1)
○ Explanation: Returns the position of "keyword" in the text in A1.
5. Identifying Start of a Sentence
○ Example: =SEARCH("sentence", A1)
○ Explanation: Finds the starting position of the word "sentence" in A1.
FIND
Syntax: =FIND(search_for, text_to_search, [start_num])
● search_for: The text to find.
● text_to_search: The text within which to search.
● start_num: (Optional) The position to start searching.
Use Cases:
1. Finding Exact Position of a Character
○ Example: =FIND("a", A1)

○ Explanation: Returns the position of the first occurrence of "a" in A1.
2. Locating Substrings with Case Sensitivity
○ Example: =FIND("Apple", A1)
○ Explanation: Finds the exact position of "Apple" in A1, case-sensitive.
3. Determining Presence of a Word
○ Example: =IF(ISNUMBER(FIND("urgent", A1)), "Found", "Not Found")
○ Explanation: Checks if "urgent" is present in A1 and returns "Found" or "Not
Found".
4. Finding a Character in a Cell
○ Example: =FIND(" ", A1)
○ Explanation: Returns the position of the first space character in A1.
5. Checking for the Presence of Special Characters
○ Example: =FIND("@", A1)
○ Explanation: Finds the position of "@" in an email address.
SUM
Syntax: =SUM(number1, [number2, ...])
● number1, number2, ...: Numbers or ranges of numbers to add.
Use Cases:
1. Calculating Total Sales
○ Explanation: Adds all values from cells A1 to A10 to get total sales.
2. Finding Total Expenses
○ Example: =SUM(B1:B5)
○ Explanation: Sums up all expenses listed in cells B1 to B5.
3. Summing Monthly Revenue
○ Example: =SUM(C1:C12)
○ Explanation: Adds up all monthly revenue values from C1 to C12.
4. Total Inventory Count
○ Example: =SUM(D1:D20)
○ Explanation: Calculates the total inventory count from D1 to D20.
5. Summing Multiple Non-Adjacent Ranges
○ Example: =SUM(A1:A5, C1:C5)
○ Explanation: Adds values from ranges A1
and C1
.

SUMIF
Syntax: =SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
● range: The range to apply the criteria to.
● criteria: The condition to meet.
● sum_range: (Optional) The range to sum if the condition is met.
Use Cases:
1. Summing Sales for a Specific Product
○ Example: =SUMIF(A1:A10, "Product X", B1:B10)
○ Explanation: Adds values in B1
where A1
equals "Product X".
2. Total Sales Above a Certain Amount
○ Example: =SUMIF(C1:C20, ">1000")
○ Explanation: Adds values in C1
where the value is greater than 1000.
3. Summing Expenses for a Specific Category
○ Example: =SUMIF(A1:A12, "Travel", B1:B12)
where A1
equals "Travel".
4. Total Revenue for a Specific Region
○ Example: =SUMIF(A1:A15, "North", B1:B15)
where A1
equals "North".
5. Summing Based on Date Criteria
○ Example: =SUMIF(A1:A30, ">01/01/2024", B1:B30)
where the date in A1
is after 01/01/2024.

SUMIFS
Syntax: =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2, ...])
● sum_range: The range to sum.
● criteria_range1, criteria_range2, ...: The ranges to apply criteria to.
● criteria1, criteria2, ...: The conditions to meet.
Use Cases:
1. Summing Sales for a Specific Product and Region
○ Example: =SUMIFS(B1:B10, A1:A10, "Product X", C1:C10, "North")
where A1
is "Product X" and C1
is "North".
2. Total Revenue for a Specific Year and Month
○ Example: =SUMIFS(D1:D12, A1:A12, "2024", B1:B12, "January")
○ Explanation: Adds values in D1
where A1
is "2024" and B1
is "January".
3. Summing Expenses for Multiple Categories
○ Example: =SUMIFS(C1:C20, A1:A20, "Travel", B1:B20, "2024")
○ Explanation: Adds values in C1
where A1
is "Travel" and B1
is "2024".
4. Total Sales for a Specific Date Range and Product
○ Example: =SUMIFS(E1:E15, A1:A15, "Product X", B1:B15, ">01/01/2024",
B1:B15, "<01/31/2024")
○ Explanation: Adds values in E1
where A1
is "Product X" and the dates in B1
are within January 2024.
5. Summing Based on Multiple Criteria
○ Example: =SUMIFS(F1:F20, A1:A20, "Completed", B1:B20, "High")
○ Explanation: Adds values in F1
where A1
is "Completed" and B1
is "High".

COUNT
Syntax: =COUNT(value1, [value2, ...])
● value1, value2, ...: Values or ranges to count.
Use Cases:
1. Counting Numeric Entries in a Range
○ Explanation: Counts the number of numeric entries in the range A1.
2. Counting Cells with Numbers
○ Example: =COUNT(B1:B20)
○ Explanation: Counts how many cells in the range B1
contain numbers.
3. Counting Values in Multiple Ranges
○ Example: =COUNT(A1:A5, B1:B5)
○ Explanation: Counts the number of numeric entries in both A1
and B1.
4. Counting Numeric Data in a List
○ Example: =COUNT(C1:C15)
○ Explanation: Counts the numeric values in the list from C1 to C15.
5. Counting Cells with Numeric Data
○ Example: =COUNT(D1:D30)
○ Explanation: Counts cells containing numeric data in D1.
COUNTIF
Syntax: =COUNTIF(range, criterion)

● range: The range to apply the criterion.
● criterion: The condition to count cells that meet.
Use Cases:
1. Counting Cells Equal to a Specific Value
○ Example: =COUNTIF(A1:A10, 100)
○ Explanation: Counts cells in A1
that are equal to 100.
2. Counting Cells Greater Than a Value
○ Example: =COUNTIF(B1:B20, ">50")
○ Explanation: Counts cells in B1
3. Counting Cells with Text Matching a Condition
○ Example: =COUNTIF(C1:C15, "Completed")
○ Explanation: Counts cells in C1
that contain the text "Completed".
4. Counting Cells That Contain a Specific Word
○ Example: =COUNTIF(D1:D30, "*urgent*")
○ Explanation: Counts cells in D1
containing the word "urgent" anywhere in the text.
5. Counting Dates After a Specific Date
○ Example: =COUNTIF(E1:E10, ">01/01/2024")
○ Explanation: Counts cells in E1
with dates after January 1, 2024.
COUNTIFS
Syntax: =COUNTIFS(range1, criterion1, [range2, criterion2, ...])
● range1, range2, ...: Ranges to apply criteria to.
● criterion1, criterion2, ...: Conditions to meet.
Use Cases:

1. Counting Cells Meeting Multiple Conditions
○ Example: =COUNTIFS(A1:A10, "Product X", B1:B10, ">100")
○ Explanation: Counts cells where A1
is "Product X" and B1
2. Counting Sales by Region and Amount
○ Example: =COUNTIFS(C1:C20, "North", D1:D20, ">500")
○ Explanation: Counts cells where C1
is "North" and D1
3. Counting Orders by Date and Status
○ Example: =COUNTIFS(E1:E30, "2024", F1:F30, "Shipped")
○ Explanation: Counts cells where E1
is "2024" and F1
is "Shipped".
4. Counting Entries Matching Multiple Criteria
○ Example: =COUNTIFS(G1:G15, "<1000", H1:H15, "Completed")
○ Explanation: Counts cells where G1
is less than 1000 and H1
is "Completed".
5. Counting Customers by Region and Purchase Amount
○ Example: =COUNTIFS(I1:I25, "West", J1:J25, ">200")
○ Explanation: Counts cells where I1
is "West" and J1
AVERAGE
Syntax: =AVERAGE(number1, [number2, ...])
● number1, number2, ...: Numbers or ranges to calculate the average.
Use Cases:
1. Calculating the Average Sales
○ Explanation: Computes the average of sales values from A1 to A10.
2. Finding the Average Test Score
○ Example: =AVERAGE(B1:B20)
○ Explanation: Calculates the average score of tests listed in B1 to B20.
3. Averaging Monthly Expenses
○ Example: =AVERAGE(C1:C12)
○ Explanation: Averages the monthly expenses recorded in C1 to C12.
4. Average Inventory Levels
○ Example: =AVERAGE(D1:D15)
○ Explanation: Determines the average inventory levels from D1 to D15.
5. Calculating the Average Temperature

○ Example: =AVERAGE(E1:E30)
○ Explanation: Computes the average temperature recorded in E1 to E30.
AVERAGEIF
Syntax: =AVERAGEIF(range, criterion, [average_range])
● range: The range to apply the criterion.
● criterion: The condition to meet.
● average_range: (Optional) The range to average if the condition is met.
Use Cases:
1. Average Sales for a Specific Product
○ Example: =AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, "Product X", B1:B10)
○ Explanation: Averages values in B1
where A1
equals "Product X".
2. Average Expense Above a Certain Amount
○ Example: =AVERAGEIF(C1:C20, ">1000")
○ Explanation: Averages values in C1
3. Average Score for a Specific Student
○ Example: =AVERAGEIF(D1:D15, "John", E1:E15)
○ Explanation: Averages values in E1
where D1
equals "John".
4. Average Revenue in a Specific Region

○ Example: =AVERAGEIF(F1:F20, "North", G1:G20)
○ Explanation: Averages values in G1
where F1
equals "North".
5. Average Temperature Above a Threshold
○ Example: =AVERAGEIF(H1:H30, ">20")
○ Explanation: Averages values in H1
where the temperature is above 20°C.
AVERAGEIFS
Syntax: =AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criterion1, [criteria_range2,
criterion2, ...])
● average_range: The range to average.
● criteria_range1, criteria_range2, ...: The ranges to apply criteria to.
● criterion1, criterion2, ...: The conditions to meet.
Use Cases:
1. Average Sales by Product and Region
○ Example: =AVERAGEIFS(B1:B10, A1:A10, "Product X", C1:C10, "North")
○ Explanation: Averages values in B1
where A1 is "Product X" and C1 is "North".
2. Average Revenue for a Specific Year and Month
○ Example: =AVERAGEIFS(D1:D12, A1:A12, "2024", B1:B12, "January")
○ Explanation: Averages values in D1
where A1 is "2024" and B1 is "January".
3. Average Expenses for Multiple Categories and Dates
○ Example: =AVERAGEIFS(E1:E20, A1:A20, "Travel", B1:B20, "2024")
○ Explanation: Averages values in E1
where A1 is "Travel" and B1 is "2024".
4. Average Sales by Date Range and Product
○ Example: =AVERAGEIFS(F1:F15, A1:A15, "Product X", B1:B15, ">01/01/2024",
B1:B15, "<01/31/2024")
○ Explanation: Averages values in F1
where A1 is "Product X" and dates in B1 are within January 2024.
5. Average Orders by Status and Priority

○ Example: =AVERAGEIFS(G1:G25, A1:A25, "Shipped", B1:B25, "High")
○ Explanation: Averages values in G1
where A1
is "Shipped" and B1
is "High" priority.
IFERROR
Syntax: =IFERROR(value, [value_if_error])
● value: The formula or expression to evaluate.
● value_if_error: (Optional) The value to return if an error is found.
Use Cases:
1. Handling Division by Zero Errors
○ Example: =IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error")
○ Explanation: Divides A1 by B1, and if there’s a division by zero error, returns
"Error".
2. Returning a Default Value for Lookup Errors
○ Example: =IFERROR(VLOOKUP(C1, D1:E10, 2, FALSE), "Not Found")
○ Explanation: Performs a VLOOKUP and if the value is not found, returns "Not
Found".
3. Handling Errors in Mathematical Calculations
○ Example: =IFERROR(SQRT(A1), "Invalid Number")
○ Explanation: Calculates the square root of A1 and returns "Invalid Number" if A1
contains a negative value.
4. Avoiding Errors in Date Calculations
○ Example: =IFERROR(DATE(A1, B1, C1), "Invalid Date")
○ Explanation: Creates a date from year A1, month B1, and day C1, and if there’s
an invalid date, returns "Invalid Date".
5. Suppressing Errors from Array Formulas
○ Example: =IFERROR(ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 / B1:B10), "Calculation Error")
○ Explanation: Performs an array division and returns "Calculation Error" if any
error occurs during the calculation.

ISERROR
Syntax: =ISERROR(value)
Use Cases:
1. Checking for Errors in Calculations
○ Example: =ISERROR(A1/B1)
○ Explanation: Checks if dividing A1 by B1 results in an error.
2. Validating Lookup Results
○ Example: =ISERROR(VLOOKUP(C1, D1:E10, 2, FALSE))
○ Explanation: Determines if the VLOOKUP function results in an error.
3. Error Checking in Date Functions
○ Example: =ISERROR(DATE(A1, B1, C1))
○ Explanation: Checks if creating a date from A1, B1, and C1 results in an error.
4. Testing Formula Outcomes
○ Example: =ISERROR(SQRT(A1))
○ Explanation: Checks if calculating the square root of A1 results in an error.
5. Handling Errors in Array Formulas
○ Example: =ISERROR(ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 / B1:B10))
○ Explanation: Tests if performing an array division results in an error.
ISERR

Syntax: =ISERR(value)
Use Cases:
1. Checking for Non-N/A Errors
○ Example: =ISERR(A1/B1)
○ Explanation: Checks if dividing A1 by B1 results in any error except #N/A.
2. Validating Non-N/A Lookup Results
○ Example: =ISERR(VLOOKUP(C1, D1:E10, 2, FALSE))
○ Explanation: Determines if the VLOOKUP function results in an error other than
#N/A.
3. Error Checking in Complex Formulas
○ Example: =ISERR(SQRT(A1))
○ Explanation: Checks if the square root calculation results in an error other than
#N/A.
4. Testing for Errors Excluding N/A
○ Example: =ISERR(DATE(A1, B1, C1))
○ Explanation: Tests if creating a date from A1, B1, and C1 results in any error
other than #N/A.
5. Checking Errors in Conditional Calculations
○ Example: =ISERR(IF(A1=0, 1/A1, "Valid"))
○ Explanation: Checks if a conditional division results in an error other than #N/A.
ISNA
Syntax: =ISNA(value)

Use Cases:
1. Checking for #N/A Errors in Lookup Functions
○ Example: =ISNA(VLOOKUP(C1, D1:E10, 2, FALSE))
○ Explanation: Checks if the VLOOKUP function returns #N/A.
2. Validating #N/A in Formula Results
○ Example: =ISNA(MATCH(A1, B1:B10, 0))
○ Explanation: Determines if the MATCH function returns #N/A.
3. Handling #N/A in Array Formulas
○ Example: =ISNA(ARRAYFORMULA(VLOOKUP(A1:A10, B1:C10, 2, FALSE)))
○ Explanation: Checks if the array VLOOKUP results in #N/A.
4. Error Checking in Data Import
○ Example: =ISNA(IMPORTRANGE("spreadsheet_url", "Sheet1!A1"))
○ Explanation: Tests if importing data from another sheet results in #N/A.
5. Validating #N/A in Complex Formulas
○ Example: =ISNA(SQRT(A1))
○ Explanation: Checks if calculating the square root of A1 returns #N/A.
AND
Syntax: =AND(condition1, [condition2, ...])
● condition1, condition2, ...: Conditions to test; all conditions must be true for the AND
function to return TRUE.
Use Cases:
1. Checking Multiple Conditions
○ Example: =AND(A1 > 50, B1 < 100)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if A1 is greater than 50 and B1 is less than 100.
2. Eligibility for a Promotion
○ Example: =AND(C1 >= 3, D1 <= 10)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if C1 is 3 or more and D1 is 10 or less.
3. Approval Based on Multiple Criteria
○ Example: =AND(E1 = "Approved", F1 >= 1000)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if E1 equals "Approved" and F1 is 1000 or more.
4. Meeting All Project Deadlines
○ Example: =AND(G1 <= TODAY(), H1 <= TODAY())
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if both G1 and H1 are dates that are today or
earlier.
5. Complex Boolean Check
○ Example: =AND(I1 > 0, J1 < 50, K1 <> "")
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if I1 is greater than 0, J1 is less than 50, and K1 is
not empty.

OR
Syntax: =OR(condition1, [condition2, ...])
● condition1, condition2, ...: Conditions to test; at least one condition must be true for
the OR function to return TRUE.
Use Cases:
1. Checking if Any Condition is True
○ Example: =OR(A1 > 50, B1 < 100)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if A1 is greater than 50 or B1 is less than 100.
2. Eligibility for Discounts
○ Example: =OR(C1 > 500, D1 < 10)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if C1 is greater than 500 or D1 is less than 10.
3. Passing Criteria
○ Example: =OR(E1 = "Pass", F1 > 70)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if E1 is "Pass" or F1 is greater than 70.
4. Checking for Multiple Valid Entries
○ Example: =OR(G1 = "Yes", H1 = "Confirmed")
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if G1 is "Yes" or H1 is "Confirmed".
5. Validating Date or Text Entry
○ Example: =OR(I1 = TODAY(), J1 <> "")
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if I1 is today's date or J1 is not empty.

NOT
Syntax: =NOT(condition)
● condition: The condition to test; returns TRUE if the condition is false and FALSE if the
condition is true.
Use Cases:
1. Reversing a Boolean Condition
○ Example: =NOT(A1 > 50)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if A1 is 50 or less.
2. Checking for Non-Eligibility
○ Example: =NOT(B1 = "Approved")
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if B1 is not "Approved".
3. Invalid Data Check
○ Example: =NOT(ISNUMBER(C1))
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if C1 is not a number.
4. Date Validity Check
○ Example: =NOT(D1 < TODAY())
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if D1 is not before today’s date.
5. Empty Cell Check
○ Example: =NOT(ISBLANK(E1))
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if E1 is not blank.

NOR
Syntax: =NOR(condition1, [condition2, ...])
● condition1, condition2, ...: Conditions to test; returns TRUE only if all conditions are
false.
Use Cases:
1. All Conditions False
○ Example: =NOR(A1 > 50, B1 < 100)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if A1 is 50 or less and B1 is 100 or more.
2. All False Criteria Check
○ Example: =NOR(C1 = "Discount", D1 > 1000)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if C1 is not "Discount" and D1 is 1000 or less.
3. Date and Status Check
○ Example: =NOR(E1 < TODAY(), F1 = "Pending")
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if E1 is not before today and F1 is not "Pending".
4. Ineligible Conditions
○ Example: =NOR(G1 = "Yes", H1 < 50)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if G1 is not "Yes" and H1 is 50 or more.
5. General False Conditions
○ Example: =NOR(I1 = "Complete", J1 > 70)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if I1 is not "Complete" and J1 is 70 or less.

NAND
Syntax: =NAND(condition1, [condition2, ...])
● condition1, condition2, ...: Conditions to test; returns TRUE if at least one condition is
false.
Use Cases:
1. General NAND Check
○ Example: =NAND(A1 > 50, B1 < 100)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if either A1 is 50 or less or B1 is 100 or more.
2. Eligibility Check
○ Example: =NAND(C1 >= 60, D1 < 10)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if either C1 is less than 60 or D1 is 10 or more.
3. Date and Status Check
○ Example: =NAND(E1 < TODAY(), F1 = "Completed")
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if either E1 is not before today or F1 is not
"Completed".
4. Promotion Criteria
○ Example: =NAND(G1 < 500, H1 > 100)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if either G1 is 500 or more or H1 is 100 or less.
5. Product Availability
○ Example: =NAND(I1 = "In Stock", J1 < 20)
○ Explanation: Returns TRUE if either I1 is not "In Stock" or J1 is 20 or more.

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