GraalVM
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GraalVM is a universal virtual machine that allows applications written in Java and other languages like JavaScript, Python, Ruby, and R to be compiled into self-contained binaries. This improves performance by reducing startup time and memory usage compared to the traditional JVM. The main features of GraalVM include a modern compiler that converts bytecode into native images, polyglot interoperability between multiple languages, and the ability to implement custom languages. While Scala Native is a competitor that focuses on optimizing Scala code ahead of time, GraalVM supports a wider range of languages and has a larger community behind it.
GraalVM
- 1. Manfredi Giordano 09/07/2020 GraalVM JVM development for the 21st century 1
- 2. Agenda • Developing for the JVM • Main GraalVM features • GraalVM in practice • GraalVM vs Scala Native • Demo 2
- 3. DevelopingfortheJVM • Write once, run anywhere • The Java Virtual Machine is an execution engine for Java bytecode • Write once, debug anywhere • Large memory footprint, slow startup time, slow execution • Exacerbated with the shift to modern computation & deployment standards • Microservices, containers: higher in number, smaller in size … • Cloud computing: transient resources … Joys and sorrows 3
- 4. Johannes Brüderl – source “While it’s certainly bearable to have 100MB+ large hello world applications in 2018, it’s just weak if I can have a 6MB Go binary” 4
- 6. Renato Athaydes – source “A 7MB native-image Java app that runs in 30ms and uses only 4MB of RAM!” 6
- 7. MainGraalVMfeatures • Modern compiler, turning JVM applications into self-contained binaries • Drop JRE -> fast startup, low memory footprint • native-image compiler, taking bytecode as input • Polyglot applications: interoperability of multiple languages • Universal Virtual Machine: JavaScript, Python, Ruby, C, R out of the box Why should we care 7
- 8. const express = require('express') const app = express() const BigInteger = Java.type('java.math.BigInteger') app.get('/', function (req, res) { var text = 'Hello World from Graal.js!<br> ' // Using Java standard library classes text += BigInteger.valueOf(10).pow(100) .add(BigInteger.valueOf(43)).toString() + '<br>' // Using R interoperability to create graphs text += Polyglot.eval('R', `svg(); require(lattice); x <- 1:100 y <- sin(x/10) z <- cos(x^1.3/(runif(1)*5+10)) print(cloud(x~y*z, main="cloud plot")) grDevices:::svg.off() `); res.send(text) }) 8
- 9. 9 const express = require('express') const app = express() app.get('/', function (req, res) { var text = 'Hello World from Graal.js!<br> ' // Using Java standard library classes text += // Using R interoperability to create graphs text += Polyglot.eval('R', ` `); res.send(text) }) Java JavaScript svg(); require(lattice); x <- 1:100 y <- sin(x/10) z <- cos(x^1.3/(runif(1)*5+10)) print(cloud(x~y*z, main="cloud plot")) grDevices:::svg.off() const BigInteger = Java.type('java.math.BigInteger') BigInteger.valueOf(10).pow(100) .add(BigInteger.valueOf(43)).toString() + '<br>' R
- 10. MainGraalVMfeatures • Modern compiler, turning JVM applications into self-contained binaries • Drop JRE -> fast startup, low memory footprint • native-image compiler, taking bytecode as input • Polyglot applications: interoperability of multiple languages • Universal Virtual Machine: JavaScript, Python, Ruby, C, R out of the box • Implement your own language • Truffle Language Implementation Framework • Write once, compile anywhere Why should we care 10
- 11. GraalVMinpractice • Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) compilation • Performance trade-off: moves the complexity / overhead from the runtime to the compilation • Closed-world analysis of all the bytecode that will be executed at run-time • Some limitations: • Incompatible with dynamically created bytecode – e.g. reflection, dynamic class loading, metaprogramming • Other interpreted languages are not compiled Native Image 11
- 12. Technicaldetails • Based on Oracle’s HotSpot • Currently supports Java 8 + Java 11 • GraalVM Community vs GraalVM Enterprise • Enterprise recommended for production applications • native-image -jar target/test.jar • sbt graalvm-native-image:packageBin • Fallback AOT-compiled images requiring a JRE Native Image 12
- 14. GraalVMvsScalaNative • Applies to the whole JVM ecosystem • Java, Scala, Kotlin, Clojure, … • Bigger app binaries size • Bigger community, bigger sponsor: Oracle • Framework support, related projects • Spring, Quarkus, sbt-native-packager • native-image is early adopter technology • Hard to configure it right • Polyglot features 14 • Only applies to Scala • Possibly more optimised? • Smaller community, smaller sponsor: Scala Center • Smaller libraries support • sbt-crossproject • Not updated for a while, now restarted • Only supports Scala 2.11 • Interoperability with C
- 15. References1/2 • GraalVM https://www.graalvm.org https://github.com/oracle/graal • GraalVM Enterprise first production-ready release https://blogs.oracle.com/graalvm/announcement • GraalVM’s AOT compiler limitations https://www.graalvm.org/docs/reference-manual/native-image/#aot-compilation-limitations • sbt-native-packager's GraalVM Native Image Plugin https://sbt-native-packager.readthedocs.io/en/stable/formats/graalvm-native-image.html • Truffle Language Implementation Framework https://github.com/oracle/graal/blob/master/truffle/README.md • Twitter running GraalVM in production https://youtu.be/pR5NDkIZBOA 15
- 16. References2/2 • Scala Native https://scala-native.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html https://github.com/scala-native/scala-native • Scala Native next steps https://contributors.scala-lang.org/t/scala-native-next-steps/4216 • A 7MB native-image Java app that runs in 30ms and uses only 4MB of RAM! https://sites.google.com/a/athaydes.com/renato-athaydes/posts/a7mbnative- imagejavaappthatrunsin30msandusesonly4mbofram • Javalin web framework with GraalVM https://javalin.io/2018/09/27/javalin-graalvm-example.html • Example benchmarks for REST APIs with GraalVM https://www.rubix.nl/blogs/graalvm-native-images-rest-api/ • Top 10 Things To Do With GraalVM https://medium.com/graalvm/graalvm-ten-things-12d9111f307d 16