Improving human nutrition through food systems: studies in China, Columbia, Melanesia
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The document presents findings from Dr. Graham Lyons' research on improving human nutrition through food systems in various countries, including China, Colombia, and Melanesia. It focuses on biofortification strategies aimed at addressing global micronutrient deficiencies, with specific trials on cassava, maize, and soybean that show significant yield and nutrient improvements from different fertilization techniques. The results underscore the importance of agronomic interventions to enhance the micronutrient content in crops and their potential impact on public health.
Improving human nutrition through food systems: studies in China, Columbia, Melanesia
- 1. The Waite Research Institute FOODplus Research Centre Scientific Seminar Series – 2010 #2 Dr Graham Lyons Life Impact | The University of Adelaide
- 2. Improving human nutrition through food systems: studies in China, Colombia and Melanesia Graham Lyons University of Adelaide Hui Mao Northwest Agric & Forestry University Shaanxi, China
- 3. Global Micronutrient Deficiencies > 3 billion people afflicted (Map from USAID)
- 4. HarvestPlus Food Systems Program • Africa: Mixed fertiliser strategy for smallholders • Colombia: Cassava biofortification with zinc, selenium, iodine, iron • China: Shaanxi agronomic biofortification trials • Solomon Islands & PNG: orange-fleshed sweet potato program • Pig feeding trial: lutein & iron uptake • Selenium clinical trial/ Zinc oral rehydration trial v diarrhoea
- 5. Roadside market, SW Uganda
- 6. Banana transport, SW Uganda
- 7. Volcanoes near Uganda/Rwanda/Congo border
- 8. Agronomic biofortification of cassava with Se, Zn, I at CIAT, Colombia, South America
- 9. Harvest of biofortified cassava, Colombia
- 10. Selenium deficiency/KBD/KD • Fig.1 Distribution of Se deficient soils (adapted from Tan 2004) Fig. 2 The distribution of prevalence of Keshan and Kaschin-beck disease in China (adapted from Tan 2004)
- 11. Yongshou NWAFU
- 18. Total soil Se is unrelated to plant available Se Location Total soil Se Se in wheat grain ppb ppb Yongshou, China 700 20 Minnipa, SA 80 720 Charlick, SA 85 70 Dedza, Zimbabwe 30,000 7 G Lyons (unpublished)
- 19. Glasshouse and field trials M&M • Glasshouse pot trial 2006 – Crops species: Maize, soybean, potato and cabbage – Field soil – Fertiliser: Nil, NPK, NPK+SM (soil applied SeZnI), NPK+ FM (foliar applied SeZnFeI), NPK+SFM • Field trials 2007 to 2009 – Crops: maize, soybean, potato, cabbage, wheat, canola – Fertiliser: Nil, NP, NP+ZnSeI (single and combination), NP+BCuCoMo (soil)+FeMn
- 21. Results Pot trial: biomass and yield Biomass (g/pot) Grain yield (g/pot) Treatments Maize Soybean Maize Soybean Nil 65.8bc 22.6b 29.4b 7.0c NPK 53.1c 24.2b 29.1b 8.6bc NPK+SM 90.7a 47.9a 51.1a 11.1b NPK+FM 54.8bc 22.3b 19.5c 8.8bc NPK+SFM 71.6b 44.9a 34.0b 15.0a
- 22. Potato Soybean
- 23. Pot trial: leaf micronutrient concentrations 45 Nil 350 Zinc Se concentration in leaf (mg kg-1 DW) Zn concentration in leaf (mg kg-1 DW) 40 NPK 300 35 Selenium NPK+SM 250 30 NPK+FM 25 NPK+SFM 200 20 150 15 100 10 5 50 0 0 maize soybean cabbage potato 35 maize soybean cabbage potato Iodine I concentration in leaf (mg kg-1 DW) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 maize soybean cabbage potato
- 25. Field trial: crop yield Yield Treatments Cabbage Wheat(kg/ha) Canola(kg/ha) (g/plant) Nil 13.3 d 1885 c 386 a NP 97.7 ab 4285 ab 415 a NP+ Soil Se 129.7 a 3991 b 384 a NP+ Soil Zn 63.4 bc 4167 b 490 a NP+ Soil I 51.8 c 3957 b 528 a NP+ Soil Se Zn I 58.0 c 4104 b 431 a NP+SM+FM 51.9 c 4391 ab 423 a NP+SoilSeZnI+SM+FM 55.2 c 4702 a 480 a
- 26. Field trial: Se concentrations in edible parts of crops 14 12 Se concentration (mg kg-1 DW) 10 8 6 4 2 0 maize soybean potato cabbage wheat canola control 0.0106 0.022 0.012 0.082 0.01 0.011 Selenium plus 1.2561 1.751 1.511 13.029 4.5 0.07 fold 118 80 126 159 450 6
- 27. Field trial: I concentrations in edible parts of crops 1.4 1.2 I concentration (mg kg-1 DW) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 maize soybean potato cabbage control 0.012 0.013 0.061 0.49 Iodine 0.025 0.024 0.071 1.2 fold 2 2 1.2 2.5
- 28. Various colours
- 29. How to reduce vitamin A deficiency
- 30. Various colours
- 31. Various colours