Grammar book
- 1. GRAMÁTICA LIBRO Por: Isabel Trammell
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Qué vs. Cuál o Hacer+time+que+present Ser tense o Verbs like gustar Estar o Reflexive Gustar o Tú commands: affirmative Transitions o Tú commands: negative Imperfect o Tú commands: irregular Triggers o DOP o Preterite Acabar de+ infinitive
- 3. Qu é Asking for a definition Cuál Ex: ¿Qué Asking es su Asking for novio? what an {what is adjective. your Can also boyfriend? mean which (what does Ex: ¿Cuál es he do for su novio? a living)} {which is your
- 4. D description s possession P O origin C characteristic s events E S time T E occupation O date D s R relationships R
- 5. ESTAR Whenever you want to add -ing H AR- ando ER/IR- endo E - yendo health health emotions L location P present I N G
- 6. GUSTAR Me gusta{n} Nos gusta{n} Te gusta{n} Os gusta{n} Le gusta{n} Les gusta{n} No goes before indirect object pronoun. Ex: No me gusta la zapato. Add ‘a’ before sentence for more emphasis. Don’t conjugate for subject, but
- 7. TRANSITIONS Tambien- also Ahora- now Despues- after Ni-Ni- neither Primero- first Pero- but Por eso- because of this Asi-que- so that Y- and Entonces- then
- 8. IMPERFECT AR verbs o ER and IR verbs Yo- aba o Yo- o Tu- Tu- abas o El/Ella/Usted- El/Ella/Usted- aba o Nos- Nos- abamos o Vos- Vos- abais o Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes- aban
- 9. TRIGGERS Todos los dias A menudo A veces Siempre Cada dia Los lunes Generalmente Mientras De vez en cuando Muchas veces frecuentemente
- 10. ACABAR DE + INFINITIVE I have just done… Yo- Acabo Tu- Acabas El/ Ella/Usted- Acaba Nos- Acabamos Vos- Acabais Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes- Acaban Ex: Acabo de leer un libro.
- 11. HACE+TIME+QUE+PRESENT TENSE Used to talk about how long you‟ve been doing something Ex: Hace trienta y cinco minutos que Paula espera el autobus.
- 12. VERBS LIKE GUSTAR To whom or for whom No goes before indirect object pronoun. No me gusta la zapato. Add „a‟ before sentence for more emphasis. A me gusta la zapato. Don‟t conjugate for subject but for indirect object pronoun. Me duelen los pies. Doler: to hurt Me duele la cabeza.
- 13. REFLEXIVE Ends in –se Uses me, te, se, nos, and se Means the doer is also the reciever of the action Sentirse- to feel Me siento Te sientes Se siente Nos sentimos Se sienten
- 14. TÚ COMMANDS: AFFIRMATIVE Drop the „s‟ come Object pronouns can attach to an affirmative command Direct object pronouns take place of a noun When you change the syllabification of a verb an accent mark is added to the “antepenútima” (third to the last) syllable Leer el periodico (Léelo) yes
- 15. TÚ COMMANDS: NEGATIVE Don‟t eat it No comer lo No como lo No coma+s (ar e & er/ir a) lo No comas lo No lo comas Lo goes before conjugated verb when command is negative.
- 16. TÚ COMMANDS: IRREGULAR Di decir (say it- dilo) Haz hacer (do it- hazlo) Ve vir (see it- vilo) Pon poner (put it- ponlo) Sal salir (leave it- salo) Sé ser (be it- sélo) Ten tenir (take it- tenlo) Ven venir (come- ven)
- 17. DOP When you can use a direct object: 1. When you have an infinitive Voy a comerlo. (I‟m going to eat it) 2. Affirmative command Cómelo. (eat it) 3. Present progressive (-ing) Estoy comiéndolo.
- 18. PRETERITE Past tense “snapshot in time” Completed action There is a beginning and/or ending -ar -er/-ir é í aste iste ó ió - - amos imos aron ieron