Green hydrogen Basics - Overview_Jan 2022
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The document presents an overview of green hydrogen, discussing its relevance in combating climate change, efficient production methods, and the definition of green hydrogen derived from renewable energy. It highlights the challenges in adopting green hydrogen, including costs, storage, and a lack of industry demand. Current progress and future outlooks for green hydrogen are also mentioned.
![Background to Climate Change
❖ Human Activities since Industrial Revolution has led to
Carbon Dioxide(CO2
) and other Gas Emissions (together
called Greenhouse Gases - GHG)
❖ These Gases have led an increase in the Global
Temperatures owing to trapping of Sunlight insight the
atmosphere
❖ Each greenhouse gas has a Global Warming Potential (GWP)
i.e. ability to remain in the atmosphere and its energy
absorption capability. Higher the GWP, deadlier the gas[1]
❖ Agriculture, Energy Sector, Industry and End-of-Life Waste
in Landfills are the sources of GHG emissions](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/greenhydrogenbasicsjan2022-220124171731/85/Green-hydrogen-Basics-Overview_Jan-2022-3-320.jpg)
![Why Hydrogen?
❖ Hydrogen is the lightest element and it occurs often as a
constituent of Methane gas(CH4
) which is a by-product from
hydrocarbon extraction & refining process
❖ Despite Hydrogen Gas being 8 times lighter than methane
gas, Hydrogen is more efficient fuel in terms of energy
provided per weight. An energy of 286 kJoules is released
for every mole of hydrogen gas burned[2][3]
❖ Hydrogen(gas) when combusted in an aerobic
atmosphere(Oxygen Rich) provides output as H2
O(vapors) at
the output[2][3]
❖ As there is no GHG emitted in Hydrogen Burning, it is
considered as a cleaner fuel to replace gasoline for
automobiles
Energy Reaction Progress
Reactants
End Product
Activation Energy](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/greenhydrogenbasicsjan2022-220124171731/85/Green-hydrogen-Basics-Overview_Jan-2022-4-320.jpg)
![What is Green Hydrogen?
The term ‘Green Hydrogen’ is coined for Hydrogen Gas generated using renewable energy(Wind and/or Solar
Energy) to power the electrolysis(splitting) of water
Process flow for making Green Hydrogen from
Renewable Energy[8][9]
Basic Layout for Green Hydrogen[8][9]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/greenhydrogenbasicsjan2022-220124171731/85/Green-hydrogen-Basics-Overview_Jan-2022-6-320.jpg)
![Challenges in Realizing Green Hydrogen
❖ Overall Cost of renewable energy that is to be utilized
for undertaking Electrolysis/splitting of water[8][9]
❖ Higher Cost of Green Hydrogen versus low cost
Hydrogen from Coal, Natural Gas, Biomass etc.
❖ Difficulty in Hydrogen Gas Storage, Transportation and
Distribution owing to high volatility and flammability.
A possible workaround is liquefying it(diluting it in
natural gas or adding ammonia for extraction at the final
destination.)[8][9][10]
❖ Lack of Demand from Industry for Green Hydrogen
Usage (rather than that for making value added products
like Methanol, Ammonia, Gas to Liquid Fuels)[9][10]
Growth in Hydrogen Demand in the next 3 Decades[10]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/greenhydrogenbasicsjan2022-220124171731/85/Green-hydrogen-Basics-Overview_Jan-2022-7-320.jpg)
Green hydrogen Basics - Overview_Jan 2022
- 1. Green Hydrogen Gurudatt Rao M.Tech (IIT Bombay) & MS (Ohio State University)
- 2. Presentation Flow 1. Background to Climate Change 2. Why Hydrogen? 3. How to Produce Hydrogen? 4. What is Green Hydrogen? 5. Challenges in Realizing Green Hydrogen? 6. Current Progress 7. References
- 3. Background to Climate Change ❖ Human Activities since Industrial Revolution has led to Carbon Dioxide(CO2 ) and other Gas Emissions (together called Greenhouse Gases - GHG) ❖ These Gases have led an increase in the Global Temperatures owing to trapping of Sunlight insight the atmosphere ❖ Each greenhouse gas has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) i.e. ability to remain in the atmosphere and its energy absorption capability. Higher the GWP, deadlier the gas[1] ❖ Agriculture, Energy Sector, Industry and End-of-Life Waste in Landfills are the sources of GHG emissions
- 4. Why Hydrogen? ❖ Hydrogen is the lightest element and it occurs often as a constituent of Methane gas(CH4 ) which is a by-product from hydrocarbon extraction & refining process ❖ Despite Hydrogen Gas being 8 times lighter than methane gas, Hydrogen is more efficient fuel in terms of energy provided per weight. An energy of 286 kJoules is released for every mole of hydrogen gas burned[2][3] ❖ Hydrogen(gas) when combusted in an aerobic atmosphere(Oxygen Rich) provides output as H2 O(vapors) at the output[2][3] ❖ As there is no GHG emitted in Hydrogen Burning, it is considered as a cleaner fuel to replace gasoline for automobiles Energy Reaction Progress Reactants End Product Activation Energy
- 5. How to Produce Hydrogen? Sources of Getting H2 Gas Water Natural Gas Methane Biomass Methane is made to react with methane in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a relatively small amount of carbon dioxide (CO2). This is called as Steam Methane Reforming A mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of carbon dioxide called Synthesis gas is formed by high temperature steam & Natural Gas reaction. The carbon monoxide formed reacts with steam to produce additional hydrogen. An electric current splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. The source of water, and technology decides the type of Hydrogen Classification Link Link Link Fermentation of Biomass using microorganisms to breakdown matter for producing Hydrogen The biomass sources can be food waste, and even wastewater. Link
- 6. What is Green Hydrogen? The term ‘Green Hydrogen’ is coined for Hydrogen Gas generated using renewable energy(Wind and/or Solar Energy) to power the electrolysis(splitting) of water Process flow for making Green Hydrogen from Renewable Energy[8][9] Basic Layout for Green Hydrogen[8][9]
- 7. Challenges in Realizing Green Hydrogen ❖ Overall Cost of renewable energy that is to be utilized for undertaking Electrolysis/splitting of water[8][9] ❖ Higher Cost of Green Hydrogen versus low cost Hydrogen from Coal, Natural Gas, Biomass etc. ❖ Difficulty in Hydrogen Gas Storage, Transportation and Distribution owing to high volatility and flammability. A possible workaround is liquefying it(diluting it in natural gas or adding ammonia for extraction at the final destination.)[8][9][10] ❖ Lack of Demand from Industry for Green Hydrogen Usage (rather than that for making value added products like Methanol, Ammonia, Gas to Liquid Fuels)[9][10] Growth in Hydrogen Demand in the next 3 Decades[10]
- 8. Current Progress Link Link Link Link What is in Store for ‘Green Hydrogen’ Reference: IEA, Additional renewable capacity according to planned and announced green hydrogen projects, IEA, Paris (Link)
- 9. References 1. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases 2. https://www.webassign.net/question_assets/prepchem1/prepchemaf1/Bishop_eBook_AF7-1.pdf 3. https://personal.utdallas.edu/~metin/Merit/MyNotes/energyScience2.pdf 4. https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/hydrogen_production.html 5. https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-processes 6. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydrogen/production-of-hydrogen.php 7. https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-natural-gas-reforming 8. https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/green-hydrogen 9. https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/green-hydrogen-explained 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2020.612762/full 11. https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/hydrogen/the-challenges-in-pursuit-of-a-green-hydrogen-economy/#gref 12. https://www.h2verdebrasil.com.br/en/challenges-for-green-hydrogen/ 13. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/additional-renewable-capacity-according-to-planned-and-announced-green-hy drogen-projects