Green nano particles
- 1. Defination- Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm) in size with a surrounding interfacial layer. The interfacial layer typically consists of ions, inorganic and organic molecules. Green Chemistry- Utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products. Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles- Use of biological routes such as those involving microorganisms, plants etc. for the synthesis of nanoparticles.
- 2. Green synthesis is the most suitable choice for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Physical Method – time and energy consuming, synthesis at high temp. and pressure Chemical Method – simple, inexpensive and low temp. synthesis method, use of toxic reducing and stabilizing agents makes it harmful Green Method – easy, efficient, and eco-friendly. Eliminates the use of toxic chemicals, consume less energy and produce safer products and by products Example – bacteria for Au, Ag, Zn and Fe NPs; yeasts for Ag and Pb NPs; plants for Au, Ag, Pb, Pd and Pt NPs
- 3. Our experiment is based on the green synthesis of nanoparticles which are not synthesized by available plant leaf extract in biological method. Why ZnO nanoparticles selected ? The chemical, physical and fungal synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles have been reported in literature but no work is carried out on the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by using fenugreek (Methi) leaf extract (yield). In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using fenugreek leaves aqueous extract and zinc acetate . The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet– Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD).
- 6. Preparation of Fenugreek (Methi) leaf extract: Take fresh leaves of fenugreek commonly known as methi were collected. Then leaves of Fenugreek weighing 5 g were thoroughly washed and dried and crushed into 50ml sterile distilled/RO water and heated at 70-80°C using a magnetic heater-stirrer for 10-15 min. Then Filtered leaf extracts solution through filtered paper to remove the plant residue and impurities and stored for further uses.
- 7. Synthesis Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles: ZNPs were synthesized by the biological method given in recent research paper with some different modification. To find better method of synthesizing nanoparticles, we have required to do several number of trial and testing. For synthesis of ZNPs by zinc acetate and the plant extract, 50 ml of Zn(OAc)2. Solution was mixed with 6 ml of the Fenugreek leaf extract. The mixture was stirred for 2 h using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature. Then 0.02 M NaOH was added drop by drop and maintain ph 10. The mixture was stirred for another 1 h until solid particles with light yellow was obtained. Then purified with distilled water. The final product was a light yellow or white colour powder material which was dried overnight in an air oven dryer at 60-70°C.
- 8. Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles: The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques. Optical properties of ZnO NPs were characterized depended on UV absorption spectrum with the wavelength in between 350-430 nm. FT-IR analysis of the dried powder of ZnO was carried out and the presence of the different types of vibrational modes in the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated.
- 9. UV-visible spectroscopy: UV-visible absorption spectrum of synthesized nanoparticles is shown in below figure. Below figure represents the UV-visible spectrum of freshly synthesized ZnO NPs. In this experiment peak obtained 410 nm show that the presence of ZnO NPs in the reaction mixture
- 10. FT-IR analysis: In our literature study show that the metal oxides generally give absorption peak in range between 600-400 cm-1 and in our FT-IR spectrum show peak at 464.80 cm-1. So according to literature values the ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized.
- 11. Eco friendly. Low cost. Can be used for large scale synthesis. No need to use high pressure, energy, temperature and toxic chemicals. Not required any special culture preparation and isolation techniques. Plant produce low yield of secreted proteins which decreases the synthesis rate Many nanoparticles harmful for human health & all body systems
- 12. Different methods (physical, chemical and biological) have been developed to obtain NPs of various shapes and sizes. Biological method of NPs is economically and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical and physical approaches. It provide a new possibility of synthesizing NPs using natural reducing and stabilizing agents. It has faster synthesis rates In this project different nanoparticles synthesized by leaf extract of plant. The latter approach will focus on synthesis of different photocatalyst nanoparticles and finding its application in waste water treatment, dyes, pigments etc.