Ground Water Quality Monitoring Using Remote Sensing And GIS
- 1. Ground Water Quality Monitoring Using Remote Sensing And GIS Salahaddin University College Of Engineering Geomatics Department Prepared By Fourth Stage Students: 1. Marwan Rasheed 2. Nzar Braim 3. Mohammed Sarbaz Supervised By: Mrs. Hadeel Jamal Ali
- 2. Simply, we will talked about the quality of ground water, Water quality is a term used to describe the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, usually in respect to its suitability for a particular purpose, as we know that Water is the one of the main demands of daily life of humanity, and people utilizing water for many purposes, Although scientific measurements are used to define a water's quality. Because it's not a simple thing to say that 'this water is good or "this water is bad, because the water may be perfectly good to wash a car but may not be good enough for drinking water, so Its availability with good quality and adequate amount is very important for human life. So Ground water is an important source of water supply. That means we depending mainly on the ground water, thus it may be includes some parameters such as (Chloride, Nitrate, Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium, Fluoride electrical conductivity, and Total dissolved solid), that not suitable for our purposes, and The availability of each parameter and its amount depending on the nature of the district or region. Introduction
- 3. Utilizing water in some sector: 1- Agriculture Water is used to irrigation in planting and produce fruits, vegetables, corn and tea, …
- 4. 2- Industrial Water with high quality is used in industrial sector such as in cleaning and washing fruits and vegetables, also used in production of cake, bread, and juice, and selling all of them in markets and super markets.
- 5. 3- Drinking Water Usually for all above sectors and some others, we need water with high quality. So it is very important to estimate quality and quantity of ground water resource and also need proper planning for continued utilization of water. Therefore sustainable groundwater quality is important for drinking, irrigation and domestic purposes. One of the main utilization of water with high quality is used for drinking purpose in daily life, Day by day due to increase the number of population, we need a large amount of water.
- 6. Study area Tabriz city located in North-western Iran, and . Geographically, it is positioned from Latitude 37° 57´ to 38° 10´ N and Longitude 46° 5´ to 46° 33´ E In this research, The purposes of this study are: (1) specifying spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters such as Chloride, pH, sulphate , hardness and Electrical Conductivity (EC) . (2) mapping groundwater quality for drinking purpose. Research
- 7. Groundwater quality assessed through sampling 70 wells in Tabriz and its rural areas. After collection of the samples, the samples are preserved and shifted to the laboratory and analyzed for parameters using standard techniques. and compared with standard values recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Study area
- 8. Remote sensing and GIS are the effective tools for water quality mapping, monitoring, modeling and detecting the environmental changes. For predicting subsurface water resources availability, Remote Sensing plays a major role, also GIS is useful in preparing various thematic maps, finally by overlaying all of them we will get the final ground water quality map. Using Remote Sensing And GIS
- 9. There isn’t any problem of chloride in the study area except small area in north west of the study area that is not high amount. Water with high chloride content may be objectionable for some agricultural purposes. We utilized an interpolation technique for generating thematic map of each parameter as follow: Ground Water Quality Mapping:
- 10. In EC distribution map indicate that EC is decrease from North to South and it is because of Sahand Mountain located in south-East of Tabriz city which covered by snow and this snow recharges the groundwater, because of that the wells which located in south and south-East of Tabriz city has minimum EC than other areas
- 11. There is a various range of pH in the study area maximum pH have seen is 8.7 and its may be because of areas lithology. The groundwater pH increases from West to East of the study area. This might be due to industrial sites that are located in West of the study area which produce acidic sewage and release them into surface waters. Finally, sewage permeates to groundwater and decrease groundwater pH, Groundwater with low pH values can cause gastrointestinal disorder and this water cannot be used for the drinking purposes.
- 12. The distribution of Hardness decrease from North to South and from West to East of the study area due to Sahand Mountain recharging role. This rarifies the density of anions and cations in groundwater and increase its quality.
- 13. there isn’t any problem of sulphate for drinking purpose standards (World Health Organization). Because its concentration is low in this area.
- 14. We created a final drinking-water groundwater quality map by overlaying these five thematic maps that we mentioned above. The final map indicates that the groundwater quality increase from North to South and from West to East of the study area and this is because of its closeness to Sahand Mountain and its recharging role on groundwater. The areas located in Center, South and South West of the study area have the optimum quality for drinking purposes which are the best locations to drill wells for supplying water demands of Tabriz city. Final Map
- 15. ❖ The optimum groundwater quality sites are located in the underground of the city which causes some specific circumstances. The advantage of such situation is cost reduction of transferring and pipeline construction and the disadvantage is that the groundwater is vulnerable to be polluted by contaminants, sewage, urban runoff and industrial wastewaters. Conclusion ❖ the groundwater quality map can be used to determine best location to drill new wells or selecting existing wells to supply drinking water to Tabriz city.
- 17. Thanks