Group 4 e archive

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Adult
Education
E-Archive
EDAC 631: Group 4
Boggess, Amelia
McFadden, Samantha
Stoll, Nathan

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What is Adult Education?
“Defining adult education […] depends on where you are standing and how you
experience the phenomenon. Perhaps you teach an aerobics class several
mornings a week at your local YMCA or community center. Maybe your
background is in nursing, and you plan continuing education programs for the
hospital staff. You may have organized a group of citizens in your community to
protest rent gouging or environmental pollution. You might administer a literacy
or job-skills training program, or perhaps you work as a private consultant
conducting management-training seminars for companies. […] What your
individual experience in adult education has in common with others'
experiences is that you are working with adults in some organized,
educational activity.”
(Merriam & Brockett, 2007, pages 3-4)

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Perspectives of Adult Education
Formal
 Educational (skills development &
personal development)
 Formal education refers to learning
that occurs in a structured setting
such as primary, secondary, and
university schools. The content is
standardized and credential based,
with the ability to be applied to
general life.
Examples:
 English as a Second Language or
Citizenship programs
 Literacy and High School
Remediation programs
 Certificate training (Certified Driving
License, Paraprofessional,
Phlebotomist, etc.)
 Bachelors, Graduate, or Doctoral
Programs

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Perspectives of Adult Education
Non-Formal
 Not requiring a credential, but with
the objective of educating adults
 Often experienced-based and not
required to end in a credential or
degree. These can also be learning
experiences with a defined objective,
but not in an necessarily ending in a
credential or degree.
Examples:
 Yoga class
 A sermon
 Cooking lesson
 Professional development
conferences
 Parenting Classes

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Formal Adult Education
Examples of

z Adult Basic Education
NEO Offers English as a Second Language classes,
Remediation for High School Diploma, and Career Certificate
Training.
NEOWebsite

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WorkOne
WorkOne is a valuable one-stop for jobseekers and when it
comes to career and employment resources.
WorkOne Northwest Indiana Website

z Community Colleges
Joliet Junior College was the first community college in the
United States.They aim to be an affordable, quality
institution dedicated to student learning.
JJC Website

z Degree Programs
At Ball State University, students can begin their lifelong
journeys toward fulfilling careers and meaningful lives.
BSU Website

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Certificate Training
Medical Career Academy offers certificate training for
PharmacyTechnicians, Phlebotomy, and EKGTechs.
Medical Career AcademyWebsite

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Short-Term Certificate Training
The American Red Cross offers certificate training forCPR,
First Aid, CNA training, and more.
Red CrossWebsite

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Non-Formal Adult Education
Examples of

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Professional Development
The Indiana PDF Network provides needs-based professional
development to teachers of adults throughout Indiana.
Indiana State Professional Development Facilitator Network

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Social-Cultural/Community Based
Engage City Church 2019, Pastor DougWampler Preaching to
the Congregation
Website

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CHOICES, Inc 2019, Samantha McFadden sharing information
on helping foster youth in the community
Website

z Social-Cultural/Community Based
Engage City Church 2019, Dave Ramsey Financial
Peace University Live
Website

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How to Look
Developing powers of attentiveness by learning
for observing and describing works of art.
Whitney Musem Website

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Summary
Adult Education can wear many hats and be seen from many
perspectives. The examples given here are just a few small
glimpses into the myriad of opportunities considered ‘adult
education’.
While the type of education may vary, the commonality
among all of the examples given is the development of adults
through some type of education towards an intended
objective. Sometimes that objective is social and economic
mobility, sometimes it's individual growth towards goals,
sometimes it is for businesses development, and sometimes
it's born as an answer to societal or communal need.

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A Look at Adult Education Development
from 1900 to the early 2000s
Curious for More?

z A Brief Overview of the Decades
1900-1930 (Boggess, 2019)
Social
Background First ever US Census, WWI, WWII, Great Depression
Highlights
Seeking professionalization of AE as a broad, liberal educational
component of the national educational system; Seeking
education for the least educated/literate adults; Seeking the
conservation of human resources to enhance America’s security;
and increase the industrial productivity of the nation by giving
education and job training to adults living in poverty.
Influential
Factors Organizations: US Military, National Education Association
(NEA), Carnegie Foundation, Association for Adult Education
(AAAE), American Library Association (ALA)
Movements: Americanization Movement, Illiteracy Movement,
Human Resources Movement
People: Cora Wilson Stewart, Mary C.L. Bradford, Elizabeth
Cleveland Morriss, Frederick P. Keppel, Dwight D. Eisenhower
Implications
Movements and motivations from this period can still be seen in
today’s Adult Basic Education (ABE) atmosphere, funding, and
legislation.
1940s (Stoll, 2019)
Social
Background
Exiting the depression, attack against Pearl Harbor,
entering World War II, death of a sitting president,
experiencing the first look at atomic destruction,
rising tensions at the end of the decade between
Russia and America, stage set for the Cold War
Highlights Women and Minority Workers filling the vacant
positions for men at war, Servicemen’s
Readjustment Act gave free education for time
served in the war, Atomic Bomb reframed the
conversation about science and destruction.
Influential
Factors Government investment, World War II, propaganda,
military industrial complex.
Implications
Investment from government in formal post-
secondary education, investment in education on
nuclear warfare and its dangers.

1950s (Reynolds, 2014)
Social
Background
World War II, Cold War, and Civil Rights
Movement
Highlights G.I. Bill, Brown vs. the Board of Education
Influential
Factors
Funding and Organizations for education
Implications Equal opportunity for education
1960s (Lloyd, 2019)
Social
Background
Economic recession, Vietnam War, draft, civil
rights movement, hippie sub-culture.
Highlights Manpower Development and Training Act of
1962, Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, Adult
Education Act of 1966
Influential
factors
War on Poverty, civil rights movement,
unemployment, government policies
Implications New sources of funding, new direction, growth

1970s (Harrington, 2019)
Social
Background
War, Women’s rights, energy crisis
Highlights Galaxy Conference on adult education, Title IX,
Handicap laws, funding
Influential
factors
Birth control legal for non-married people, Title IX
Implications
Women can become anything they want
1980s (Cope, 2019)
Social
Background
Reagan Revolution
Educational Reform
Foreign Policy
Highlights Challenger Mission Disaster
Supreme Court Appointment
CDC report
PC launch by IBM
Influential
factors
William Bennett
Kathryn Cross
Implications Equality yet to be achieved
Technological advancements
Educational possibilities

1990s (Stults, 2014)
Social
Background
· Globalization (Education for All)
· Governmental Emphasis of Vocational
Training
· The Internet and the New Media
Highlights
· The Advent of Distance Learning
· Re-emergence of the Idea of Lifelong
Learning
· A Return to Critical Theory
· A Shift in Research Emphasize from
Quantitative to Qualitative Research
Influential
Factors
· Leaders/Institutions
· The Debate Over the Mission of Adult
Education
· Push for and Push Back Against
Professionalization
Implications · Remember the Story - By connecting with
theories and ideas of the past (reclaiming what was
lost) to meet the needs of the day.
· Live the Story to Reclaim its Mission- By
engaging in new methodologies and practices that
authenticate the story of adult education and
substantiate the legacy.
· A New Generation - Embrace the challenges
of the day and leave a renewed legacy.
Early 2000s (McFadden, 2019)
Social
Background
The recession of 2007-2009 and technological
advances
Highlights
Employers had to cut costs on educating
employees. Technological advances including
YouTube and distance learning changed the way
adult educators gained knowledge. Economic
down turns affect adult education.
Influential
factors
Technology advances. Employment changes.
Economic difficulties.
Implications
Adult education comes in many forms. Learning
from different locations, on different devices is
efficient for adult education. Adult education will
continue to change as our society does.

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Note: Click the hyperlinked dates for a
detailed essay about Adult Education during
that time period.
1900-1930 1940s 1950s 1960s
1970s 1980s 1990s Early 2000s

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“Adult education programs have changed significantly, growing
from a narrow vocational skills focus to more broadly
encompassing fields like information technology. The main sources
of adult education are public schools, colleges and universities,
proprietary schools, and the government.”
(History of Adult Education, 2017)

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ReferencesHistorical Summaries
 Boggess, A. (2019, September 15). 1900-1930: A Thirty-Year History of Adult/Community Education in the U.S. Retrieved from
https://edac631group4fall2019.blogspot.com/2019/09/1900-1950-fifty-year-history-of.html.
 Cope, K. (2019, September 14). History of Adult/Community Education:1980s-Katherine Cope. Retrieved from
https://edac631group3fall19.blogspot.com/2019/09/history-of-adultcommunity.html.
 Harrington, D. (2019, September 14). History of Adult Education the 1970s. Retrieved from https://edac631group1fall19.blogspot.com/2019/09/history-
of-adulteducation-1970s-y-o-ur.html.
 Lloyd, K. (2019, September 15). History of Adult Education 1960s. Retrieved from https://edac631group1fall19.blogspot.com/2019/09/history-of-adult-
education-1960s.html.
 McFadden, S. (2019, September 14). Adult Education & The Recession (Early 2000's). Retrieved from
https://edac631group4fall2019.blogspot.com/2019/09/adult-education-recession-literature.html.
 Reynolds, R. (2014, December 4). History of Adult Education 1950-1959. Retrieved from http://thehighlandereffect.blogspot.com/2014/09/history-of-
adult-education-1950-1959.html.
 Stoll, N. (2019, September 15). Adult and Community Education in the 1940s. Retrieved from
https://edac631group4fall2019.blogspot.com/2019/09/adult-and-community-education-in-1940s.html.
 Stults, V. (2014, September 14). Adult Education in the 1990's: A New Generation. Retrieved from http://aceprojects.blogspot.com/2014/09/adult-
education-in-1990s-new-generation.html.

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ReferencesBooks, Websites, & Pictures
 About Ball State University - We Fly. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.bsu.edu/about.
 About Joliet Junior College: Located in Joliet, IL: Joliet Junior College. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.jjc.edu/about-jjc.
 About Us. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.phlebschoolindiana.com/about-us/.
 Adult Education: NEO Adult Education - Portage. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.neoadulted.org/adult-education.
 Free photo Training Keep Adult Education Hand Learn - Max Pixel. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.maxpixel.net/Training-Keep-Adult-
Education-Hand-Learn-3812693.
 McFadden, S. (n.d.). CHOICES, Inc. (Children Have Options in Caring Environments). Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/CHOICESInc/.
 Merriam, S. B., & Brockett, R. G. (2007). The profession and practice of adult education: an introduction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &
Sons.
 NEO Education - Evie. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/NeighborsEdOpportunities/photos/a.601179380004196/2420926184696164/?type=3&theater.
 Professional Development Network. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.in.gov/dwd/2900.htm.
 Red Cross Training: Take a Class. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class.
 Roseberry, L. (n.d.). Engage City Church. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/pg/engageourcity/posts/?ref=page_internal.
 Roseberry, L. (n.d.). Engage City Church. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/pg/engageourcity/posts/?ref=page_internal.
 Whitney - Education - Courses. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://whitney.org/education/Courses.
 WorkOne. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from http://gotoworkonenw.com/about-us/.

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