Group 4 simple past and simple perfect
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes298 views
This document discusses the simple past and present perfect tenses in English grammar. It provides examples of how to form the simple past of regular and irregular verbs, as well as the basic structure of the present perfect using the auxiliary verbs "have" and "be". The document also notes that early Modern English used both "have" and "be" as perfect auxiliaries, while modern English always uses "have", except for some intransitive verbs of motion or change of state which can take "be" in other languages. Formulas for the positive, negative and interrogative forms of the present perfect are also provided.
Group 4 simple past and simple perfect
- 1. Simple past and simple perfect GROUP : FOUR NAME : RANDI LIANI ANDI WIDYA VIRA YULINDA CLASS : ACCELERATION 1
- 2. SIMPLE PAST
- 3. The simple past or past simple, sometimes called the preterite, is the basic form of the past tense in Modern English. It is used principally to describe events in the past, although it also has some other uses. Regular English verbs form the simple past in -ed; however there are a few hundred irregular verbs with different forms.
- 6. an example: Basic simple past: I/you/he/she/it/we/they helped Expanded (emphatic) simple past: I/you/he/she/it/we/they did help Question form: Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they help? Negative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they did not (didn't) help Negative question: Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they not help? / Didn't I/you/he/she/it/we/they help?
- 8. The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences. The term is used particularly in the context of English grammar, where it refers to forms such as "I have left" and "Sue has died". These forms are present because they use the present tense of the auxiliary verb have, and perfect because they use that auxiliary in combination with the past participle of the main verb. (Other perfect constructions also exist, such as the past perfect: "I had eaten.") Analogous forms are found in some other languages, and these may also be described as present perfects, although they often have other names, such as the German Perfekt, the French passé composé and the Italian passato prossimo. They may also have different ranges of usage – for example, in all three of the languages just mentioned, the forms in question serve as a general past tense, at least for completed actions. In English, completed actions in many contexts are referred to using the simple past verb form rather than the present perfect. English also has a present perfect continuous (or present perfect progressive) form, which combines present tense with both perfect aspect and continuous (progressive) aspect: "I have been eating". In this case the action is not necessarily complete; the same is true of certain uses of the basic present perfect when the verb expresses a state or a habitual action: "I have lived here for five years."
- 9. In modern English, the auxiliary verb for forming the present perfect is always to have. A typical present perfect clause thus consists of the subject, the auxiliary have/has, and the past participle (third form) of the main verb. Examples: • I have done so much in my life. • You have gone to school. • He has already arrived in Catalonia. • He has had child after child... (The Mask of Anarchy, Percy Shelley) • Lovely tales that we have heard or read... (Endymion (poem), John Keats)
- 10. Early Modern English used both to have and to be as perfect auxiliaries. The usage differs in that to have expressed emphasis in the process of the action that was completed, whereas to be put the emphasis in the final state, after the action is completed. Examples of the second can be found in older texts: • Madam, the Lady Valeria is come to visit you. (The Tragedy of Coriolanus, Shakespeare) • Vext the dim sea: I am become a name... (Ulysses, Tennyson) • I am become Shiva, destroyer of worlds. (Baghavad Gita) • Pillars are fallen at thy feet... (Marius amid the Ruins of Carthage, Lydia Maria Child) • I am come in sorrow. (Lord Jim, Conrad) • In many other European languages, the equivalent of to have (e.g. German haben, French avoir) is used to form the present perfect (or their equivalent of the present perfect) for most or all verbs. However, the equivalent of to be (e.g. German sein, French être) serves as the auxiliary for other verbs in some languages, such as German, Dutch, French, and Italian (but not Spanish or Portuguese). Generally, the verbs that take to be as auxiliary are intransitive verbs denoting motion or change of state (e.g. to arrive, to go, to fall).
- 11. RUMUS Positive : S+ to be+verb (has/have)+verb3/past participle Negative : S+to be+verb+(has/have)+not+verb 3/past participle Introgative : to be+verb (has/have)+S+verb 3/past participle