organic farming using ITK
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The document discusses indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) of organic farming practices in India. It describes various ITK practices related to pre-sowing, soil and water management, pest and disease management, and post-harvest management. Some examples of ITK practices include soaking radish seeds in buttermilk before sowing, using neem to control pests, intercropping with legumes to restore soil fertility, and making panchagavya from cow products to provide nutrients to plants. The document concludes that ITK practices are organic, sustainable and cost-effective, though further scientific validation of these traditional methods is still needed.
organic farming using ITK
- 1. INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE OF ORGANIC FARMING SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY Prof.(Dr.) Thomas Abraham GROUP NO 9
- 2. Group no 9 Rohit Smit 12BSCAG012 Mazanthei shaiza 12BSCAG045 Vidhe zhasa 12BSCAG048 Pradeep Patidar 12BSCAG066 Akansha Verma 12BSCAG067 Preeti Priya 12BSCAG075 Devendra Patel 12BSCAG077 Pawan Kumar 12BSCAG082 Jasobanta Pradhan 12BSCAG117 Prashant Kumar 12BSCAG139
- 3. What is ITK??? Indigenous technical/traditional knowledge in a community, local and rural in origin. The source of ITK is our ancestors who learned techniques from their past experiences and experiments. These varies from place to place, and knowledge spreads through folk songs, stories & scriptures etc. Alley cropping
- 4. WHY ITK IN ORGANIC FARMING Has great role and scope. Avoidance of synthetic chemicals & keep soil alive. Stress on sustainability. Offers potential to accomplish organic agriculture.
- 5. ITK IN ORGANIC FARMING There are many practices of ITK out of which some are discussed here : – PRE-SOWING PRACTICES – SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES – PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT – POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT
- 6. ITK in Good Germination Radish seeds are soaked overnight in butter milk before sowing. Cucurbits seeds are kept embedded in fresh cow dung ‘ball 'which are then buried deep in soil for better germination. In desert areas ,chickpea is sown behind camel drawn ploughs in sand dunes areas. Cut end of sugarcane setts are plastered with a mixture of honey, ghee, the fat of hogs and cow dung.
- 7. Weed management by I.T.K Apply the Neem seeds @ 40 kg / ac as basal to get more yield as compared to the equal quantity of Neem cake. to control weed growth. Cultivation of sun hemp or daincha helps to control the nut grass (Cyperus rotundus) weed. Crop growth promoter 5% fermented coconut milk solution(1lit in 20lit of water mix and use as Growth promoter Goat dung- 5kg, Goat urine- 5lit , Goat milk- 2 lit , Goat curd- 2 lit, (Cow)Ghee -1lit , Sugarcane juice- 2lit, Banana -10 nos, Tender coconut water-2 lit , Toddy – 2 lit/ yeast -800g, Jaggery – 800g, water- 5 lit. Mix and use after 20 days as growth promoter
- 8. Mulching Tree leaves(karanj-pongamia ponnata) and paddy straw are used as mulch materials .This conservs the soil moisture and simultaneously keeps the soil cool which provides favourable conditions these mulches act as organic matter to enhance the crop effective for weed mgmt
- 9. ITK IN RICE Common salt is dissolved in water and sprayed in rice fields for controlling major weeds To prevent lodging in rice crop at maturity in water logging conditions . The upper portion of the rice plants is cut with the help of sickle. After two months of transplanting ,excess growth of rice plant is checked due to pruning . Lower part of the plant become strong
- 10. BEUSHENING IN RICE Practiced in direct -seeded low land rice in odisha ,MP,bihar.WB,UP to control weeds optimize crop stand and provide soil aeration cross ploughing young crops 4 to 6 weeks after sowing with a light country plough in 5-10cm standing water once or twice depending upon the density of weeds and crop stand. if there are too many weeds it is followed by flanking.
- 12. Jhum cultivation/Slash & Burn cultivation/Shifting cultivation. well suited to the heavy rainfall areas of the north east India. the trees are slashed & burned and the seeds are sown only after the 1st rainfall. After cultivating for 2 - 3 years, fields go into fallow. Then, the farmer moves on to the next plot or forest area to protect the soil and allow for build up of nutrients. • soil erosion is controlled and fertility maintained by constructing contour bunds often May reduce the incidence of soil born diseases.
- 13. Terrace or Bund cultivation • Practiced in valleys and foot hills. • Bench terraces are made across the slope. • The vertical interval is not more than 1m. • This helps to maintain soil erosion and retaining rain water in the slopes and depositing runoff to the foothills. • Widely grown crops are rice and turmeric. Jaintia hills, the small village of Nongbah, (Meghalaya) India
- 14. Irrigation practices- Bamboo drip irrigation • Bamboos divert water from perennial springs on hilltops to the lower reaches by gravity. • Used to irrigate the betel leaf or black pepper crops. • 18-20 litres of water entering the bamboo pipe system per minute gets transported over several hundred meters and finally gets reduced to 20-80 drops per minute at the site of the plant. • Used mostly in winter, as there soil in Meghalaya has low water holding capacity.
- 15. ITK and Soil Fertility Management!!! In Madhya pradesh, soil fertility is renewed by using : • made up of cow dung, sheep, goat, and camel feacal pellets, • wood ash, • animal urine, • growing nitrogen fixing leguminous crops intermixed/ intercropped with cereals/oilseeds, • allowing certain local weeds and xerophytic plants viz. bui (Kochia indica), fog (Calligonum polygonoids), kheinp (Crotolaria burhia), bordi (Zizyphus manuritiana) to grow undisturbed maintaining adequate khejri (Prosopis cineraria) tree population in the field.
- 16. Continued… • Ancient Tamil text widely quoted the use of Calotropis gigantea, Morinda tinctoria, Thespesia populnea, Jatropha gossypifolia, Ipomoea spp. and Adhatoda spp. to be used as green leaf manure. • crop rotation and intercropping to restore soil fertility. • ants, earthworms and frogs were used to improve soil physical properties. • FYM was used to add nutrient into the soil and to maintain the organic matter content in soil.
- 17. Contd. • Zai technique • combine water harvesting and targeted application of organic amendments ( cattle manure, millet straw etc.) by the use of small pits dug into hardened soil. • Increases water retention capacity of soil and is effective in restoring soil fertility • Practiced in Burkina Faso and Sahel, Africa.
- 18. Indegenous practices for water harvesting • PHOUR • For house Water in the pond is collected from the rainfall and seepage. To prevent inflow dyke of about a meter height is constructed surrounding the phour. Trees are planted along the bank to stabilize the banks. Fish may also be raised
- 19. CONT… Cross-dam irrigation: Earthen cross-dam,4-6m wide and 2.5-5m deep, is constructed across a perennial creek between two hills. The catchment area for the creek is 80-100 hectares. People use stored water for fish culture and raising ducklings. A bamboo pipe of 5cm diameter that passes through dam is used to maintain the water level. The pipe is kept closed with a wooden plug that can be removed to lower the water level in the pond or provide irrigation. Cross Dam irrigation in Chittagong Hill tracts of bangladesh
- 20. Pest & Disease Management in ITK TULSI Control the Blast of rice Control of insect in sapota, guava METHI Control of insect of okra eg. Fruit borer KAROSENE OIL To control of ant in climber To control of Termite
- 21. Cont……. CASTOR OIL Control of white fly in cotton stored- grain pest control in pigeon pea CHILLIES Dry chilli smoke for rat control of wheat
- 22. Cont……. MADAR (Calotropis gigantia) Used to prevent attack of thrips in paddy nursery Control of insect pest in ginger, cotton LEMON Control of hairy caterpillar Aphid control in cotton ONION Use for pest & disease control in maize Pest control in sugarcane
- 23. Cont……. GUR OR SUGAR Control of insect in cotton Control of pod borer in pegionpea SALT Control of wilt in pegionpea Control of khaira disease in paddy NEEM Neem cake use for termite control Control of aphids in mustard by neem twings
- 24. Cont……. ASH Used as insecticide Control of root feeders and pests DHATURA Control of stem borer in rice Control of insect pest in fruit crops TOBACCO Control of aphids white flies and other Pests
- 25. ITK AND POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT DRYING It is the traditional method for reducing the moisture content of grain. Method of sun drying are 1.Field drying 2.Panicle drying 3.Drying on mat 4.Pavement drying
- 26. THRESHING • 1. By beating the grain using a flail on a threshing floor • 2. Making donkeys or oxen walk in circles on the grain on a hard surface • 3. By using threshing board
- 27. Storage • Traditional storage methods are 1. In gunny bag a. Storage of red gram with common salt in gunny bag b.Storage of grain using camphor in gunny bag c Storage of ragi with neem leaf in gunny bag
- 28. 2. MUD BIN STORAGE example. Storage of grain 3.WOODEN BOX STORAGE Example. Storage of vegetable seeds with cow dung storage of paddy
- 29. Panchagavya Composition: Ghee, milk, curd, cow dung and cow’s urine Application: 3% i.e. 3 kg in 100 lit of water is the best dose for application. In acre of land 6 lit panchagavya will be applied provides nutrient to plant gives resistance of plant to insect pest
- 30. Low budget fish gunabajalam proves effective for crops fish gunabajalam (extract in Tamil) or fish growth hormone is a traditional method which is practised by Mrs. Thangam and some farmers in Kanyakumari district. They use this hormone for growing their rose, chilli and paddy. Along with Mrs Thangam,several farmers in the village who use traditional methods vouch for its efficiency in controlling pests and helping good crop growth. If one has to use chemical sprays for an acre then he has to spend nearly Rs. 1,500 - Rs. 2,000 but they hardly spend 100 Rs.and get equal benefit. . Cost effective: The lady farmer Mrs. Thangam demonstrating how to make the fish extract
- 31. Conclusion It may be concluded that ITK based practices offers its potential to accomplish organic agriculture where biological methods are adopted for farming, keeping away off-farm inputs. Indigenous techniques used in different components of farming system are mostly organic, eco-friendly, sustainable, viable and cost effective. ITK based practices will help to furthering the concept of biodynamics and natural farming where the soil-health- building process is left to the nature, as the inputs for ITK are drawn from the products of soil and are returned to the soil in the form of compost or manure or soil and plant health-protecting agents.
- 32. But, there is a need to explore, verify, modify, and scientifically validate these practices for their wider use and appliction.
- 33. References: • I.C.A.R., New Delhi, Handbook of Agriculture, pg 1418,1420,1433. • Rainwater_harvesting_CBSE.pdf • Hand book of organic farming,A K Sharma • http://www.niscair.res.in