GSM Network Architecture
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This document discusses the architecture of GSM networks. It describes the key components of GSM architecture including the base station controller, home location register, authentication center, visitor location register, and equipment identification register. It also discusses the subscriber identity module (SIM) card, implementation of GSM including modulation and encoding, and GSM variants and standards.
GSM Network Architecture
- 2. Motivation
- 3. Outline Introduction and history. GSM architecture. Implementation. Technology and standards. Summary
- 4. Introduction Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) ◦ Anybody – 500 million users (may 2001) ◦ Anywhere – 168 countries (may 2001) ◦ Any media – voice, messaging, data, multimedia Source: Hillebrand, 1
- 5. GSM Architecture OMC Home Location Register AuC Equipment ID Network Management Center BT S BT S BT S ME ME ME Subscriber Identity Module Subscriber Identity Module Subscriber Identity Module Base station controller PSTN Mobile switching center Data communication network BTS = Base Transceiver Station AuC = Authentication Center OMC = Operation and Maintenance Center PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network ME = Mobile Equipment Source: Stallings, 313 Source: Mehrotra, 27 Visitor Location Register
- 6. GSM Architecture F1 F2 F1' F2' Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Year Introduced 1990 Access method TDMA Channel Bandwidth 200 kHz Number of duplex channels 125 Users per channel 8 Speech coding bit rate 13 kbps Data coding bit rate 12 kbps Frame size 4.6 ms BS Transmission Band : 935 – 960 MHZ1 MS Transmission Band : 890 – 915 MHZ
- 7. SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) Billions of Calls Millions of Subscribers Thousand of Different Types of Telephones Hundreds of Countries Dozens of Manufacturers…. And only one Card: The SIM Source: Hillebrand, 369 http://ucables.com/products/simcards/ •Administrative data •Security data •Subscriber data •Roaming data •PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network
- 8. Implementation SIM = Subscriber Identity Module Central processor, clock and tone, internal bus system, keyboard (HMI) Voice encoding Ciphering Modulation Voice decoding >Channel Decoding >De-Interleaving >Re-formatting Deciphering Amplifier >Channel encoding >Interleaving >Burst generation Receiver Transmitter Demodulation Source: Heine, 14
- 9. Implementation Abis- Interface O&M Module Operation and maintenance functionality/clock distribution Digital signal processing (NF functionality) HF Transmitter (HF- TX) Input filter Output filter HF Receiver (HF- RX) Slowfrequency hopping Transmission system TRX Block Diagram of a BTS with one TRX Source: Heine, 20
- 10. GSM Variants Variant Uplink (MHz) Downlink (MHz) Total Bandwidth Duplex- frequency Channels GSM-400 451-458 and 479-486 461-468 and 489-496 Twice 14 MHz 10 MHz Twice 72 GSM-900 (primary band) 890-915 935-960 Twice 25 MHz 45 MHz Twice 124 Extended GSM-900 880-915 925-960 Twice 35 MHz 45 MHz Twice 174 GSM-R 876-880 921-925 Twice 4 MHz 45 MHz Twice 19 DCS-1800 1,710-1,785 1,805-1,880 Twice 75 MHz 95 MHz Twice 373 PCS-1900 1,850-1,910 1,930-1,990 Twice 60 MHz 80 MHz Twice 300 Source: Bekkers, 299
- 12. References Bekkers, Rudi. Mobile Communications Standards: GSM, UMTS, TETRA, and ERMES. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 2001. Halonen, Romero, and Melero. GSM, GPRS, and EDGE Performance: Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003. Hillebrand, Friedhelm. GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communications. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2002. Heine, Gunnar. GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology, and Implementation. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 1999. Mehrotra, Asha. GSM System Engineering. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 1997. Harte, Levine, and Livingston. GSM Superphones. United States: APDG Publishing, Inc. A Division of McGraw-Hill, 1999.