Handbook of the code.pptx ppt
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The document discusses threats and safeguards related to professional accountants in public practice. It provides examples of intimidation threats that could be faced, such as being pressured to reduce audit work or agree with a client's inappropriate accounting. Safeguards are then discussed, including those created by professional rules and regulations, as well as work environment safeguards at the firm-wide and engagement-specific levels. Examples are given of both types of work environment safeguards.
Handbook of the code.pptx ppt
- 1. Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants 2013 Nama : Karima Afifah Kelas / Npm : 4EB15 / 23210833 Translate dari hal : 26 -28
- 2. 200.8 Examples of circumstances t hat create intimidation threats for a professionalaccountant in public practice include: • A firm being threatened with dismissal from a client engagement. • An audit client indicating that it will not award a planned non-assurance contract to the firm if the firm continues to disagree withthe client’s accounting treatment for a particular transaction. • A firm being threatened with litigation by the client. • A firm being pressured to reduce inappropriately the extent of work performed in order to reduce fees. • A professional accountant feeling pressured to agree with the judgment of a client employee because the employee has more expertise on the matter in question. • A professional accountant being informed by a partner of the firm that a planned promotion will not occur unless the accountant agrees with an audit client’s inappropriate accounting treatment
- 3. 200.9 Safeguards that may eliminate or reduce threats to an acceptable level fallinto two broad categories: (a) (b) Safeguards created by the profession, legislation or regulation; and Safeguards in the work environment. Examples of safeguards created by the profession, legislation or regulation are described in paragraph 100.14 of Part A of this Code.
- 4. 200.10 A professional accountant in public practice shall exercise judgment to determine how best to deal with threats that are not at an acceptable level, whether by applying safeguards to eliminate the threat or reduce it to an Acceptable level or by terminating or declining the relevant engagement. In exercising this judgment, a professional accountant in public practice shall consider whether a reasonable and informed third party, weighing all the specific facts and circumstances available to the professional accountant atthat time, would be likely to conclude that the threats would be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level by the application of safeguards, such that compliance with the fundamental principles is not compromised. This consideration will be affected by matters such as the significance of the threat, the nature of the engagement and the structure of the firm
- 5. 200.11 In the work environment, the relevant safeguards will vary depending on the circumstances. Work environment safeguards comprise firm-wide safeguards and engagementspecific safeguards.
- 6. 200.12 Examples of firm-wide safeguards in the work environment include: • Leadership of the firm that stresses the cimportancec of compliance with the fundamental principles. • Leadership of the firm that establishes the expectation that members of an assurance team will act in the public interest. • Policies and procedures to implement and monitor quality control of engagements. • Documented policies regarding the need to identify threats to compliance with the fundamental principles, evaluate the significance of those threats, and apply safeguards to eliminate or reduce the threats to an acceptable level or, when appropriate safeguards are not available or cannot be applied, terminate or decline the relevant engagement. • Documented internal policies and procedures requiring compliance with the fundamental principles. • Policies and procedures that will enable the identification of interests or relationships between the firm or members of engagement teams and clients.
- 7. • Policies and procedures to monitor and, if necessary, manage the reliance on revenue received from a single client. • Using different partners and engagement teams with separate reporting lines for the provision of non-assurance services to an assurance client. • Policies and procedures to prohibit individuals who are not members of an engagement team from inappropriately influencing the outcome of the engagement. • Timely communication of a firm’s policies and procedures, including any changes to them, to all partners and professional staff, and appropriate training and education on such policies and procedures. • Designating a member of senior management to be responsible for overseeing the adequate functioning of the firm’s quality control system. • Advising partners and professional staff of assurance clients and related entities from which independence is required. • A disciplinary mechanism to promote compliance with policies and procedures. • Published policies and procedures to encourage and empower staff to communicate to senior levels within the firm any issue relating to compliance with the fundamental principles that concerns them.
- 8. 200.13 Examples of engagement-specific safeguards in the work environment include: • • • • • • • Having a professional accountant who was not involved with the non-assurance service review the non-assurance work performed or otherwise advise as necessary. Having a professional accountant who was not a member of the assurance team review the assurance work performed or otherwise advise as necessary. Consulting an independent third party, such as a committee of independent directors, a professional regulatory body or another professional accountant. Discussing ethical issues with those charged with governance of the client. Disclosing to those charged with governance of the client the nature of services provided and extent of fees charged. Involving another firm to perform or re-perform part of the engagement. Rotating senior assurance team personnel
- 9. 200.14 Depending on the nature of the engagement, a professional accountant in public practice may also be able to rely on safeguards that the client hasimplemented. However it is not possible to rely solely on such safeguards to reduce threats to an acceptable level.
- 10. 200.15 Examples of safeguards within the client’s systems and procedures include: • The client requires persons other than management to ratify or approve the appointment of a firm to perform an engagement. • The client has competent employees with experience and seniority to make managerial decisions. • The client has implemented internal procedures that ensure objective choices in commissioning non-assurance engagements. • The client has a corporate governance structure that provides appropriate oversight and communications regarding the firm’s services.