Handout interactive-techniques

1 | Kevin Yee | drkevinyee@gmail.com
Creative Commons BY-NC-SA – OK to use and remix if non-commercial, must credit me and use same CC license.
Interactive Techniques
Adapted in part from:
Angelo, Thomas/K. Patricia Cross, Classroom Assessment Techniques.
2nd Edition. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, 1993.
Morrison-Shetlar, Alison/Mary Marwitz, Teaching Creatively: Ideas in
Action. Outernet: Eden Prairie, 2001.
McGlynn, Angela, Successful Beginnings for College Teaching. Atwood:
Madison, 2001.
Silberman, Mel. Active Learning: 101 Strategies to Teach Any Subject.
Allyn and Bacon: Boston, 1996.
VanGundy, Arthur. 101 Activities for Teaching Creativity and Problem
Solving. Pfeiffer: San Francisco, 2005.
Watkins, Ryan. 75 e-Learning Activities: Making Online Learning
Interactive. San Francisco: Pfeiffer, 2005.
These techniques have multiple benefits: the instructor can easily and quickly
assess if students have really mastered the material (and plan to dedicate more
time to it, if necessary), and the process of measuring student understanding in
many cases is also practice for the material—often students do not actually learn
the material until asked to make use of it in assessments such as these. Finally,
the very nature of these assessments drives interactivity and brings several
benefits. Students are revived from their passivity of merely listening to a lecture
and instead become attentive and engaged, two prerequisites for effective
learning. These techniques are often perceived as “fun”, yet they are frequently
more effective than lectures at enabling student learning.
Not all techniques listed here will have universal appeal, with factors such as your
teaching style and personality influencing which choices may be right for you.
Instructor Action: Lecture
1. Picture Prompt – Show students an image with no explanation, and ask them to
identify/explain it, and justify their answers. Or ask students to write about it using terms
from lecture, or to name the processes and concepts shown. Also works well as group
activity. Do not give the “answer” until they have explored all options first.
2. Think Break – Ask a rhetorical question, and then allow 20 seconds for students to
think about the problem before you go on to explain. This technique encourages students
to take part in the problem-solving process even when discussion isn't feasible. Having
students write something down (while you write an answer also) helps assure that they
will in fact work on the problem.
3. Updating Notes – Take a break for 2-3 minutes to allow students to compare their class
notes so far with other students, fill in gaps, and develop joint questions.

4. Choral Response – Ask a one-word answer to the class at large; volume of answer will
suggest degree of comprehension. Very useful to “drill” new vocabulary words into
students.
5. Word Cloud Guessing - Before you introduce a new concept to students, show them a
word cloud on that topic, using an online generator (Wordle, Taxedo, or Tagul) to paste a
paragraph or longer of related text, and challenge students to guess what the topic was.
6. Instructor Storytelling – Instructor illustrates a concept, idea, or principle with a real-
life application, model, or case-study.
7. Grab a Volunteer – After a minute paper (or better: think pair share) pick one student
to stand up, cross the room, and read any other student's answer.
8. Socratic Questioning – The instructor replaces lecture by peppering students with
questions, always asking the next question in a way that guides the conversation toward a
learning outcome (or major Driving Question) that was desired from the beginning.
9. Reverse Socratic Questioning – The instructor requires students to ask him/her
questions, and the instructor answers in such a way as to goad another question
immediately but also drive the next student question in a certain direction.
10. Pass the Pointer – Place a complex, intricate, or detailed image on the screen and ask
for volunteers to temporarily borrow the laser pointer to identify key features or ask
questions about items they don’t understand.
11. Turn My Back – Face away from the class, ask for a show of hands for how many people
did the reading. After they put hands down, turn around again and ask to hear a report of
the percentage. This provides an indication of student preparation for today’s material.
12. Empty Outlines – Distribute a partially completed outline of today’s lecture and ask
students to fill it in. Useful at start or at end of class.
13. Classroom Opinion Polls – Informal hand-raising suffices to test the waters before a
controversial subject.
14. Discussion Row – Students take turns sitting in a front row that can earn extra credit
as individuals when they volunteer to answer questions posed in class; this provides a
group that will ALWAYS be prepared and interact with teacher questions.
15. Total Physical Response (TPR) – Students either stand or sit to indicate their binary
answers, such as True/False, to the instructor’s questions.
16. Student Polling – Select some students to travel the room, polling the others on a topic
relevant to the course, then report back the results for everyone.
17. Self-Assessment of Ways of Learning – Prepare a questionnaire for students that
probes what kind of learning style they use, so the course can match visual/aural/tactile
learning styles.
18. Quote Minus One – Provide a quote relevant to your topic but leave out a crucial word
and ask students to guess what it might be: “I cannot forecast to you the action of
______; it is a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma.” This engages them
quickly in a topic and makes them feel invested.
19. Everyday Ethical Dilemmas – Present an abbreviated case study with an ethical
dilemma related to the discipline being studied.
20. Polar Opposites – Ask the class to examine two written-out versions of a theory (or
corollary, law of nature, etc.), where one is incorrect, such as the opposite or a negation of
the other. In deciding which is correct, students will have to examine the problem from all
angles.
21. Pop Culture – Infuse your lectures, case studies, sample word problems for use during
class with current events from the pop culture world. Rather than citing statistics for
housing construction, for instance, illustrate the same statistical concept you are teaching
by inventing statistics about something students gossip about, like how often a certain
pop star appears in public without make-up.
22. Make Them Guess – Introduce a new subject by asking an intriguing question,
something that few will know the answer to (but should interest all of them). Accept blind
guessing for a while before giving the answer to build curiosity.
23. Make It Personal – Design class activities (or even essays) to address the real lives of
the individual students. Instead of asking for reflections on Down’s Syndrome, ask for

personal stories of neurological problems by a family member or anyone they have ever
met.
24. Read Aloud – Choose a small text (500 words or less) to read aloud, and ask students to
pay particular attention during this phase of lecture. A small text read orally in a larger
lecture can focus attention.
25. Punctuated Lectures – Ask student to perform five steps: listen, stop, reflect, write,
give feedback. Students become self-monitoring listeners.
26. Word of the Day – Select an important term and highlight it throughout the class
session, working it into as many concepts as possible. Challenge students to do the same
in their interactive activities.
27. Recall, Summarize, Question, Connect, and Comment – This method of starting
each session (or each week) has five steps to reinforce the previous session’s material:
recall it, summarize it, phrase a remaining question, connect it to the class as a whole,
and comment on that class session.
28. Focused Listing – List several ideas related to the main focus point. Helpful for starting
new topics.
29. Background Knowledge Probe – Use questionnaire (multi-choice or short answer)
when introducing a new topic.
30. Goal Ranking and Matching – Students rank their goals for the class, then instructor
combines those with her own list.
31. Interest/Knowledge/Skills Checklist – Assesses interest and preparation for the
course, and can help adjust teaching agenda.
32. Documented Problem Solutions – Keep track of the steps needed to solve specific
types of problems. Model a list for students first and then ask them to perform similar
steps.
33. Provocative Picture – Begin the lecture with a picture meant to provoke discussion or
emotion (another option: a cartoon).
Instructor Action: Lecture (Small Class Size)
34. Pass the Chalk – Provide chalk or a soft toy; whoever has it must answer your next
question, and they pass it on to the student of their choice.
35. Whiteboard Capture – Using a smartphone, take photographs of the whiteboard at the
end of the day and post them to Canvas (labeled by date) for easy student reference.
36. Pass the Dart – Like Pass the Chalk, use a real (but safe?) dartboard to decide which
student must answer the next question (student names are arranged on the dartboard
already).
37. Beach Ball Bingo – Write questions or prompts onto all surfaces of a beach ball (or
tape them on). When the next student catches the ball, he/she answers one of the
questions where fingers are touching the ball.
38. Bingo Balls of Doom – Every student is assigned a number; when the faculty member
pulls that number from the bingo cage, that student has to answer the next question.
39. Town Hall Meeting – Abdicate the front of the room for a student willing to speak out
on a controversial subject, and when she is done with her comment, she selects the next
speaker from the hands raised.
40. The Half Class Lecture – Divide the class in half and provide reading material to one
half. Lecture on that same material to the other half of the class. Then, switch the groups
and repeat, ending with a recap by pairing up members of opposite groups.
41. Tournament – Divide the class into at least two groups and announce a competition for
most points on a practice test. Let them study a topic together and then give that quiz,
tallying points. After each round, let them study the next topic before quizzing again. The
points should be carried over from round to round. The student impulse for competition
will focus their engagement onto the material itself.
42. Three Part Interview – Pose the following question to the entire class: “What do you
think are the three biggest issues related to ____.” Choose the student with the birthday
closest to today’s date and have them stand and share their 3 responses to the question
for one minute. Move clockwise around the room until all have shared.

Student Action: Individual (many of these can be used as partnerwork or groupwork instead;
or may escalate to that after some individual effort)
43. One-Minute Papers – Students write for one minute on a specific question (which
might be generalized to “what was the most important thing you learned today”). Best
used at the end of the class session.
44. Muddiest Point – Like the Minute Paper, but asks for the “most confusing” point
instead. Best used at the end of the class session.
45. Misconception Check – Discover class’s preconceptions. Useful for starting new
chapters.
46. Drawing for Understanding – Students illustrate an abstract concept or idea.
Comparing drawings around the room can clear up misconceptions.
47. Turn Taking Reading – Instead of the instructor reading a paragraph on screen (or
leaving silence for students to do it), instruct them we will sit in silence until someone is
moved to read ONE sentence, then someone else – anyone – will start the next sentence.
Adds “good” tension and raises energy.
48. Haiku – Students write a haiku (a three-line poem: 5-syllables, then 7, then 5) on a given
topic or concept, and then share it with others.
49. Media Break – Designate a two minute break in the middle of class for students to
check their electronic devices, with the understanding they won’t use them otherwise in
the entire class period.
50. Photo Homework – Students are assigned to use a smartphone to snap a picture of
something at home (or out in the city) that captures a specific concept from the class, as
assigned by the teacher.
51. Board of Artwork – Post publicly the collected drawings / abstract concepts that
students turned in for a previous activity and create an opportunity for discussion and
debrief.
52. Video Selfie – Ask students to make a video of themselves performing the homework
(or lab), as they will take it more seriously and be more likely to avoid mistakes.
53. Gallery Walk – Provide colored dot stickers to students and ask them to “vote” on
statements they agree with the most, by using up their limited dot supply on the pre-
written topics displayed around the room on poster boards.
54. Circle the Questions – Pre-make a handout that has a few dozen likely student
questions (make them specific) on your topic for that day and ask students to circle the
ones they don’t know the answers to, then turn in the paper.
55. Ask the Winner – Ask students to silently solve a problem on the board. After revealing
the answer, instruct those who got it right to raise their hands (and keep them raised);
then, all other students are to talk to someone with a raised hand to better understand the
question and how to solve it next time.
56. What’s the Principle – After recognizing the problem, students assess what principle
to apply in order to solve it. Helps focus on problem TYPES rather than individual
specific problems. Principle(s) should be listed out.
57. Infographic – Students use online services (visual.ly, infogr.am) to create an
infographic that combines flowchart logic and visual presentation
58. Bookmark Notes - Distribute full-length paper to be used as a bookmark for the
current chapter. On it, record prompts and other “reading questions”, and require
students to record their notes, observations, and objections while reading onto these
bookmarks for collection and discussion in class.
59. True or False? – Distribute index cards (one to each student) on which is written a
statement. Half of the cards will contain statements that are true, half false. Students
decide if theirs is one of the true statements or not, using whatever means they desire.
Variation: designate half the room a space for those who think their statements are true,
and the other half for false.
60. “Real-World” – Have students discuss in class how a topic or concept relates to a real-
world application or product. Then have students write about this topic for homework.
Variation: ask them to record their answer on index cards.

61. Concept Mapping – Students write keywords onto sticky notes and then organize them
into a flowchart. Could be less structured: students simply draw the connections they
make between concepts.
62. Advice Letter – Students write a letter of advice to future students on how to be
successful students in that course.
63. Tabloid Titles – Ask students to write a tabloid-style headline that would illustrate the
concept currently being discussed. Share and choose the best.
64. Bumper Stickers – Ask students to write a slogan-like bumper sticker to illustrate a
particular concept from lecture. Variation: can be used to ask them to sum up the entire
course in one sentence.
65. One-Sentence Summary – Summarize the topic into one sentence that incorporates
all of who/what/when/where/why/how creatively.
66. Directed Paraphrasing – Students asked to paraphrase part of a lesson for a specific
audience (and a specific purpose).
67. Word Journal – First, summarize the entire topic on paper with a single word. Then
use a paragraph to explain your word choice.
68. Truth Statements – Either to introduce a topic or check comprehension, ask
individuals to list out “It is true that...” statements on the topic being discussed. The
ensuing discussion might illustrate how ambiguous knowledge is sometimes.
69. Objective Check – Students write a brief essay in which they evaluate to what extent
their work fulfills an assignment’s objectives.
70. Opposites – Instructor lists out one or more concepts, for which students must come up
with an antonym, and then defend their choice.
71. Student Storytelling – Students are given assignments that make use of a given
concept in relation to something that seems personally relevant (such as requiring the
topic to be someone in their family).
72. Application to Major – During last 15 minutes of class, ask students to write a short
article about how the point applies to their major.
73. Pro and Con Grid – Students list out the pros and cons for a given subject.
74. Harvesting – After an experience/activity in class, ask students to reflect on “what” they
learned, “so what” (why is it important and what are the implications), and “now what”
(how to apply it or do things differently).
75. Chain Notes – Instructor pre-distributes index cards and passes around an envelope, on
which is written a question relating to the learning environment (i.e., are the group
discussions useful?) Students write a very brief answer, drop in their own card, and pass
the envelope to the next student.
76. Focused Autobiographical Sketches – Focuses on a single successful learning
experience, one relevant to the current course.
77. Course-Related Self-Confidence Surveys – Simple questions that measure how
self-confident students are when it comes to a specific skill. Once they become aware they
can do it, they focus on it more.
78. Profiles of Admirable Individuals – Students write a brief profile of an individual in
a field related to the course. Students assess their own values and learn best practices for
this field.
79. Memory Matrix – Identify a key taxonomy and then design a grid that represents those
interrelationships. Keep it simple at first. Avoid trivial or ambiguous relationships, which
tend to backfire by focusing students on superficial kinds of learning. Although probably
most useful in introductory courses, this technique can also be used to help develop basic
study skills for students who plan to continue in the field
80. Categorizing Grid – Hand out rectangles divided into cells and a jumbled listing of
terms that need to be categorized by row and column.
81. Defining Features Matrix – Hand out a simple table where students decide if a
defining feature is PRESENT or ABSENT. For instance, they might have to read through
several descriptions of theories and decide if each refers to behaviorist or constructivist
models of learning.
82. What/How/Why Outlines – Write brief notes answering the what / how / why
questions when analyzing a message or text.

83. Approximate Analogies – Students provide the second half of an analogy (A is to B as
X is to Y).
84. Problem Recognition Tasks – Offer case studies with different types of problems and
ask students to identify the TYPE of problem (which is different from solving it)
85. Switch it up! – Ask students to work on one problem for a few minutes and
intentionally move to a second problem without debriefing the first one, then solve the
second one and only then return to the first one for more work. A carefully chosen second
problem can shed light on the first problem, but this also works well if the problems are
not directly related to each other.
86. Reading Rating Sheets – Students fill out a ratings sheet on the course readings, on
how clear, useful, and interesting it was.
87. Assignment Assessments – Students give feedback on their homework assignments,
and evaluate them as learning tools.
88. Exam Evaluations – Students explain what they are learning from exams, and evaluate
the fairness, usefulness, and quality of tests.
89. Group-Work Evaluations – Questionnaires asking how effective groupwork has been
in the class.
90. Teacher-Designed Feedback Forms – Rather than use standardized evaluation
forms, teachers create ones tailored for their needs and their classes. Especially useful
midway through the term.
91. Writing Fables – Students write an animal fable (or at least sketch its outline) that will
lead to a one-sentence moral matching the current concept discussed in class. May be
done verbally instead.
Student Action: Pairs
92. Think-Pair-Share – Students share and compare possible answers to a question with a
partner before addressing the larger class.
93. Pair-Share-Repeat – After a pair-share experience, ask students to find a new partner
and debrief the wisdom of the old partnership to this new partner.
94. Wisdom of Another – After any individual brainstorm or creative activity, partner
students up to share their results. Then, call for volunteers of students who found their
partner’s work to be interesting or exemplary. Students are sometimes more willing to
share in plenary the work of fellow students than their own work.
95. Do-Si-Do – Students do partner work first, then sound off by twos. All of the 2’s stand
up and find a new partner (the 1’s are seated and raise their hands until a new partner
comes), then debrief what was said with the first partner. Variation: Later, all the 1’s come
together in a large circle for a group debrief, while the 2’s have their own circle.
96. Forced Debate – Students debate in pairs, but must defend the opposite side of their
personal opinion. Variation: half the class take one position, half the other. They line up
and face each other. Each student may only speak once, so that all students on both sides
can engage the issue.
97. Optimist/Pessimist – In pairs, students take opposite emotional sides of a
conversation. This technique can be applied to case studies and problem solving as well.
98. Teacher and Student - Individually brainstorm the main points of the last homework,
then assign roles of teacher and student to pairs. The teacher’s job is to sketch the main
points, while the student’s job is to cross off points on his list as they are mentioned, but
come up with 2-3 ones missed by the teacher.
99. Peer Review Writing Task – To assist students with a writing assignments, encourage
them to exchange drafts with a partner. The partner reads the essay and writes a three-
paragraph response: the first paragraph outlines the strengths of the essay, the second
paragraph discusses the essay’s problems, and the third paragraph is a description of
what the partner would focus on in revision, if it were her essay.
100. Invented Dialogues – Students weave together real quotes from primary sources, or
invent ones to fit the speaker and context.

101. My Christmas Gift – Students mentally select one of their recent gifts as related to or
emblematic of a concept given in class, and must tell their partners how this gift relates to
the concept. The one with a closer connection wins.
102. Psychoanalysis – Students get into pairs and interview one another about a recent
learning unit. The focus, however, is upon analysis of the material rather than rote
memorization. Sample Interview Questions: Can you describe to me the topic that you
would like to analyze today? What were your attitudes/beliefs before this topic? How did
your attitudes/beliefs change after learning about this topic? How will/have your
actions/decisions altered based on your learning of this topic? How have your
perceptions of others/events changed?
103. Get One, Give One – Students fold a piece of paper in half and write “Give One” on one
side and “Get One” on the other side. On the “Give One” side, as them to write four
insights from today’s material. Have them stand up and find a partner. Each student
shares one idea from their “Give One” side of the paper and writes down one idea on the
“Get One” side of the paper. Find a new partner until your “Get One” side of paper is full
of new ideas!
Student Action: Groups
104. Jigsaw (Group Experts) – Give each group a different topic. Re-mix groups with one
planted “expert” on each topic, who now has to teach his new group. Also useful to have
them teach each other sections of the syllabus on the first day.
105. World Café – Small groups tackle the same driving question; plenary debrief, then
everyone except table hosts find a new table (new groups) for a second discussion
question. The host leads discussions and draws ideas between rounds, taking notes for
sticky wall posters.
106. With a Creative Twist - When assigning group presentations of different topics, each
group also gets a 'twist' at random (such as must deliver some lines as limericks, must
present part as karaoke song, etc)
107. Gap Exercise – Students freewrite for five minutes on "what is" versus "what should be"
(or some other gap in your field) then debrief in threes. When it's a student's turn, she
first summarizes her freewrite and then is silent and listens as the other two ask
questions only (give no advice, do not swap stories), then work around the group every
couple of minutes.
108. Brain Drain – Divide students into groups of 5 or 6. Hand out an empty grid of six rows
and three columns to every student. Provide a prompt or task at the top to brainstorm.
Each person brainstorms possible answers in row one. After three minutes, rotate papers
clockwise and work on row 2 (but do not repeat any answers from row 1). Continue until
sheet is filled in, then debrief to find the best answers.
109. Interactive Lit Review – Give a different snippet of reading to each group in the room
and a specific task (such as “map ideas onto this larger set of principles you see on the
screen”); capture bullets onto the board, then follow with a Gallery Walk (voting dots) to
lead to more debrief.
110. Balloon Pop – Give each group an inflated balloon with the task/problem trapped
inside on a piece of paper. At the signal, all groups pop their balloons. Injects fun, noise,
and energy to a group assignment.
111. Things You Know – Give an envelope to every student. Inside are cut-up strips of
paper with the topics/principles they should know about already. They divide into two
piles: things they know well, and things they need help with. Then they debrief with
nearby students on things any of them need help with.
112. Board Rotation – Assign groups of students to each of the boards you have set up in
the room (four or more works best), and assign one topic/question per board. After each
group writes an answer, they rotate to the next board and write their answer below the
first, and so on around the room. Variation: pass around flipchart paper with the same
task.
113. Make it a Story - Encourage students to submit their group projects as a comic or story
created online (bubblr, StripCreator, StoryJumper, or Storify)

114. Creating Categories - In groups, students freewrite a position statement about your
topic. Then they sort quotes/claims on strips of paper that you handed out, by creating
categories as they go. Finally, they add their position statements on (or between)
categories. The exercise should point out "families" of assumptions about a topic.
115. Pass the Problem – Divide students into groups. Give the first group a case or a
problem and ask them to identify (and write down) the first step in solving the problem
or analyzing the case (3 minutes). Pass the problem on to the next group and have them
identify the next step. Continue until all groups have contributed.
116. Pick the Winner – Divide the class into groups and have all groups work on the same
problem and record an answer/strategy on paper. Then, ask groups to switch with a
nearby group, and evaluate their answer. After a few minutes, allow each set of groups to
merge and ask them to select the better answer from the two choices, which will be
presented to the class as a whole.
117. Layered Cake Discussion - Every table/group works on the same task for a few
minutes, then there’s a plenary debrief for the whole class, and finally repeat with a new
topic to be discussed in the groups.
118. Student Learning Communities – Like faculty learning communities, these
communities of practice are meant to invest the participants with ownership and a focus
on sharing and joint discovery. Can be structured or unstructured.
119. Lecture Reaction – Divide the class into four groups after a lecture: questioners (must
ask two questions related to the material), example givers (provide applications),
divergent thinkers (must disagree with some points of the lecture), and agreers (explain
which points they agreed with or found helpful). After discussion, brief the whole class.
120. Movie Application – In groups, students discuss examples of movies that made use of
a concept or event discussed in class, trying to identify at least one way the movie-makers
got it right, and one way they got it wrong.
121. Student Pictures – Ask students to bring their own pictures from home to illustrate a
specific concept to their working groups.
122. Definitions and Applications – In groups, students provide definitions, associations,
and applications of concepts discussed in lecture.
123. TV Commercial – In groups, students create a 30-second TV commercial for the
subject currently being discussed in class. Variation: ask them to act out their
commercials.
124. Blender – Students silently write a definition or brainstorm an idea for several minutes
on paper. Then they form into groups, and two of them read their ideas and integrate
elements from each. A third student reads his, and again integration occurs with the
previous two, until finally everyone in the group has been integrated (or has attempted
integration).
125. Human Tableau or Class Modeling – Groups create living scenes (also of inanimate
objects) which relate to the classroom concepts or discussions.
126. Build From Restricted Components – Provide limited resources (or a discrete list of
ideas that must be used) and either literally or figuratively dump them on the table,
asking students in groups to construct a solution using only these things (note: may be
familiar from the Apollo 13 movie). If possible, provide red herrings, and ask students to
construct a solution using the minimum amount of items possible.
127. Ranking Alternatives – Teacher gives a situation, everyone thinks up as many
alternative courses of action (or explanations of the situation) as possible. Compile list. In
groups, now rank them by preference.
128. Simulation – Place the class into a long-term simulation (like as a business) to enable
Problem-Based Learning (PBL).
129. Group Instructional Feedback Technique – Someone other than the teacher polls
groups on what works, what doesn’t, and how to fix it, then reports them to the teacher.
130. Classroom Assessment Quality Circles – A small group of students forms a
“committee” on the quality of teaching and learning, which meets regularly and includes
the instructor.
131. Audio and Videotaped Protocols – Taping students while they are solving problems
assesses the learner’s awareness of his own thinking.

132. Imaginary Show and Tell – Students pretend they have brought an object relevant to
current discussion, and “display” it to the class while talking about its properties.
133. Six Degrees of “RNA Transcription Errors” – Like the parlor game “Six Degrees of
Kevin Bacon” (in which actors are linked by joint projects), you provide groups with a
conceptual start point and challenge them to leap to a given concept in six moves or
fewer. One student judge in each group determines if each leap is fair and records the
nature of the leaps for reporting back to the class.
134. Sticky Note Discussions – Divide students into cooperative groups and have them
read individually. Ask them to use sticky notes to mark places that they want to talk about
in the text. Then direct them to reread as a group and discuss the parts they have marked.
Second Chance Testing (Note: term grading schemes should be adjusted to avoid undue grade inflation)
135. Déjà vu – Let students know the next class period they will be given the IDENTICAL test
they just took, and create time for them to discuss in groups what they answered and why.
The second test will also be taken by individuals.
136. 80/20 Rule – Students know to expect a second test right after the first one, with 80%
of the questions identical, but 20% of the questions different from the first test.
137. Up to Half – Students have an option to re-take the test, but can only earn extra points
that equal 50% of the points missed on the first test (ie, students accrue half-credit on
each question answered correctly, if that question was previously missed).
138. Group Test / Group Grade – Allow students to take an exam as a team, speaking out
loud to each other during the exam (but not so loud that other groups can hear them),
and they all share the same grade.
139. Group Test / Individual Grade – Allow students to view and discuss the test as a
team, but each student fills out an individual test sheet and thus results are not
necessarily the same across the entire group
140. Group Second-Test – Students take the test individually at first. Then, they take the
same test a second time, this time in a group, defending their answers. The individual
results should count for more points than the group effort.
141. Draw Your Partner – All students draw a number, then find a partner with the same
number, and pair up to exchange information in the final few minutes of a test.
YouTube
142. Video Demonstrations - Using a webcam, record a demonstration relevant to your
topic and post it to YouTube.
143. Student Videos - Student projects, presentations, or speeches can take the form of
video instead of PowerPoint, and uploaded for the class to see.
144. Closed Eyes Method – To prevent students at home from “reading” presentations
(such as poem recitations) that were supposed to be memorized for YouTube upload,
require them to give the performance with their eyes closed.
145. Interactive Video Quizzes - Using annotations (text boxes) and making them
hyperlinks to other uploaded videos, instructors can construct an on-screen “multiple
choice” test leading to differentiated video reactions, depending on how the student
answers. Requires filming multiple videos and some editing work.
146. Movie Clips - Show brief segments of popular movies to illustrate a point, start a
conversation, have students hunt for what the movie gets wrong, etc.
147. Embed Into PowerPoint - YouTube videos can be embedded into PPT as long as there
is an active Internet connection; create a Shockwave Flash object in the Developer tab,
and add the URL for “Movie” in the properties (the URL will need to replace “watch?=v/”
with just “/v/”). Alternative: use one-button plugin from iSpring Free.
148. Shared Account – Instructor creates a generic YouTube username/account and gives
the password to everyone in the class, so student uploads all go to the same place.
Mobile and Tablet Devices

149. Compose a Musical Theme – Using free apps (like Synth), students create their
version of a “theme song” for an academic concept (recidivism, electron shells, etc) and
also justify WHY the composition includes the emotion or action it does.
Clickers, Student Responses, and Alternatives
150. Handheld Clicker – External vendors provide hardware (receivers) to faculty for free,
and students buy a handheld device (usually $20) and maybe also online access by
semester. Vendors include iClicker, CPS, and Turningpoint
151. Cloud-Based Clicker Alternatives – External vendors that use a website to track
student input data using their own devices (laptop, smartphone, etc) and the campus wi-
fi. Vendors charge students per semester (usually $20); there is no hardware for faculty
members. Examples include LearningAnalytics, Top Hat Monocle, and Via Response.
152. PollEverywhere – Cloud-based clicker alternative that uses cell phone texting (SMS)
for student responses. Business model calls for faculty-centered payment by user, but the
free option suffices for anonymous polling of up to 35 students.
153. Hand Held Response Cards – Distribute (or ask students to create) standardized
cards that can be held aloft as visual responses to instructor questions. Example: hand-
write a giant letter on each card to use in multiple choice questions.
154. Plickers – free handheld response cards for download (https://www.plickers.com/) that
get scanned by teacher’s smartphone, even at a distance, to “collect” results.
155. Color Boards – Students are issued (or create their own) a set of four paper-sized cards.
These can be used to vote on questions raised in class by lifting the appropriate board into
the air. Optionally, the back of each card should be white so students do not see what
others have answered.
156. Fingers on Chest – Students vote on multiple choice questions by showing a finger
count (1 through 4). Rather than raise them into the air, they hold their fingers across
their chests so other students don’t see what the majority is voting.
157. Assertion Agreement – Pose an assertion at the start of class that students vote on
agreement; then revisit the same question after the class lecture/discussion has explored
the concept more deeply.
Creating Groups
158. Quick Division – Divide your class into two roughly equal segments for simultaneous,
parallel tasks by invoking their date of birth: “if your birthday falls on an odd-numbered
day, do task X…if your birthday is even, do task Y.” Other variations include males and
females, months of birth, odd or even inches in their height (5’10” vs 5’11”).
159. Question and Answer Cards – Make index cards for every student in the class; half
with questions about class content; half with the right answers. Shuffle the cards and have
students find their appropriate partner by comparing questions and answers on their own
cards.
160. Telescoping Images – When you need the class to form new groups, craft sets of index
cards that will be grouped together by theme, and randomly pass them out for students to
seek the other members of their new groups. Example: one set of four index cards has
pictures of Europe on a map, then France, then the Eiffel Tower, then a person wearing a
beret (thematically, the images “telescope” from far away to close up, and the students
must find others in their particular set of telescoping images).
161. Speed Sharing – Students write definitions, concepts, quiz questions, etc. on index
cards and form two concentric circles, facing each other. For thirty seconds (or 60), they
share their knowledge with the person opposite them. Then, the outer circle “rotates” so
that everyone has a new partner, and the sharing is repeated. This can be done until each
student has completed the circuit.
162. Trio Rotation – Group students into threes, and arrange the groups into a large circle.
Each team of three works on a problem. Then, each team assigns a 1, 2, and 3 number to

each person. The 1’s stay put, but the 2’s rotate clockwise and the 3’s rotate
counterclockwise. Newly formed teams then work on a new problem.
163. Go to Your Post – Tape a sign onto opposite sides of the walls with different
preferences (different authors, skills, a specific kind of problem to solve, different values)
and let students self-select their working group
164. Four Corners – Put up a different topic in each corner of the room and ask students to
pick one, write their ideas about it down, then head to “their” corner and discuss opinions
with others who also chose this topic.
165. Deck of Cards – Use playing cards to form groups by suit (clubs, hearts, etc), by card
(kinds, jacks), or by number. You can pre-assign roles by card.
Icebreakers
166. Introduce Your Partner’s Non-Obvious Trait – Students partner up and are tasked
with learning one thing about the other person that is not obvious by looking at them.
Then, they introduce their partner to the larger class. Instructors can use this time to
record a crude seating chart of the students and begin to learn their names.
167. Scrapbook Selection – Put students in groups and give each group a big pile of printed
photos (best if laminated – maybe different shapes/sizes?) Ask them to choose one as a
group that epitomizes their reaction/definition of the topic being discussed, and explain
why.
168. Brush with Fame – Students relate their closest encounter with someone famous, even
if it has to be a story about something that happened to a friend or relative.
169. Name Game – Students form circles in groups of 8-10 and one at a time state their
name with an alliterative action: “I’m Jumping James!” Optimally, they should perform
the action as well. They proceed around the circle, stating names and performing the
actions, adding names one at a time, until the last person in the circle will have to say
everyone’s name and perform all the actions.
170. Human Bingo – Students become acquainted at the start of a semester by performing a
scavenger hunt you design as a handout: “find someone who dislikes carrots, someone
who owns a German car, someone who has read a book about submarines, etc.”
171. Line Dance – Students line up according to their level of agreement on a controversial
subject: strong agreement on one side, strong disagreement on the other.
172. Two Truths and a Lie – Go around the room and ask each student to relate two true
statements and one falsehood about themselves, without giving away which is false.
173. Name Tag Trio – Color code name tags and ask people to form groups of three made up
of people with nametags of the same color, then introduce themselves.
174. Sketch Intro – Ask participants to draw a picture, using no letters, that captures a key
facet of their experience, philosophy, or personality.
175. Speed Skating – Like the Olympic sport that moves in a circle rapidly, line up students
in a circle and step forward one at a time to say a quick personal statement (I am Belgian,
I am allergic to peanuts, I love classical music) and then step back into position.
176. Word Association Cloud – Collect secret-ballot responses to a word association
prompt related to your topic, and paste them into a word-cloud generator to create an
image that shows which words were used the most.
177. Answer Any Three – Write 5 questions on the board and ask students to stand (or pair
off) and answer any 3 of the 5 questions posed. Some sample questions might include: “I
have always wanted to……, The person I most admire is…, The two most important job
responsibilities I have are ________ and ________., I’m a sucker for…, One reason
why I entered my field is…, Something few people know about me is…” Content-related
questions may also be used to review material being presented.
178. Family Name Game – To help students (and you!) get to know students’ names, ask
them to share some history about their name including: 1) who named them, 2) how was
the decision for their name made, 3) are they a namesake and do they know that person,
4) do they like their name, 5) have they ever gone by a different name, 6) do they have a
nickname, etc.

179. What’s in a Name? – Pair students up and allow them to interview one another about
their first and middle names, noting any cultural uniqueness. Then have each student in
the dyad introduce their partner to the rest of the class sharing what they learned about
their partner’s name(s).
180. Line Up – Ask students to arrange themselves in a line according to measure of some
characteristic (i.e., height, age, birthdate, level of athleticism, etc.). To add a twist, ask
students to complete this task without talking.
181. Wheel in a Wheel – Ask half of the class form a circle facing outward. Then have the
other half of the class form a circle around those students, facing inward, so that they are
facing one of the students in the inner circle. The inner circle remains seated throughout
the exercise, while the outer circle rotates to the right, one person at a time. With each
new pairing you provide a discussion topic/question that will help the students get to
know one another. Make sure both partners have time to share. Some example topics
include: What do you consider to be one of your greatest accomplishments in life? What
person has most affected your life in a positive way? What are the best aspects of your
personality and why?
182. Scavenger Hunt – Ask students to circulate around the room and locate classmates
who fit in certain categories (i.e., only children, lived abroad, bi- or multi-lingual, same
major, etc. You can also include statements that revolve around class content.
183. Course Expectation Exercise – Write the name of your course on the blackboard. Ask
students to individually write down three expectations they have for you or for the course.
Then put students into small groups and tell them they must reach consensus regarding
their group’s top 3-5 expectations. Then allow groups to report back to the whole class.
Games (Useful for Review)
184. Crossword Puzzle – Create a crossword puzzle as a handout for students to review
terms, definitions, or concepts before a test. Some online websites will automate the
puzzle creation.
185. Jeopardy – Play jeopardy like the TV show with your students. Requires a fair amount
of preparation (see quizboxes.com for a simpler way). Can be used also for icebreakers
(such as finding out what participants already know about your subject, your university,
etc).
186. Bingo – Fill out various answers onto bingo cards (each with different words and
ordering), then have students cross off each as the definition is read verbally. The first
with a whole row or column wins.
187. Pictionary – For important concepts and especially terms, have students play
pictionary: one draws images only, the rest must guess the term.
188. Super-Password – Also for concepts and terms; one student tries to get his partner to
say the key term by circumlocution, and cannot say any of the “forbidden words” on a
card prepared ahead of time.
189. Guess the Password – The instructor reveals a list of words (esp. nouns) one at a time
and at each point, ask students to guess what key term they are related to. The hints
become increasingly specific to make the answer more clear.
190. Twenty Questions – Assign a person, theory, concept, event, etc to individual students
and have the partner ask yes/no questions to guess what the concept is. Also works on a
plenary level, with one student fielding the questions from the whole class.
191. Hollywood Squares – Choose students to sit as “celebrities” at the front of the class.
Variation: allow the celebrities to use books and notes in deciding how to help the
contestants.
192. Scrabble – Use the chapter (or course) title as the pool of letters from which to make
words (e.g., mitochondrialdna) and allow teams to brainstorm as many words as possible
from that list, but all words must be relevant to this test. Variation: actually play scrabble
on boards afterward.
193. Who am I? - Tape a term or name on the back of each student, out of view. Each student
then wanders about the room, posing yes/no questions to the other students in an effort
to guess the term on his own back.

194. Ticket out the Door – At the end of class, ask students to summarize the lecture today,
or provide one new personal significant learning outcome (in 3-5 sentences), and give
their response to the professor for their ticket out of the door.
Interaction Through Homework
195. Find the Company – Students search the Internet for a corporation that makes use of
concepts/ideas from class, and must defend their choice in the next class session.
196. Diagnostic Learning Logs – Students track main points in lecture and a second list of
unclear points. They then reflect on and analyze the information and diagnose their
weaknesses.
197. Process Analysis – Students track the steps they take to finish an assignment and
comment on their approaches to it.
198. Productive Study-Time Logs – Short records students keep on how long they study
for a class; comparison allows those with lesser commitment to see the disparity.
199. Double-Entry Journals – Students note first the important ideas from reading, and
then respond personally.
200. Paper or Project Prospectus – Write a structured plan for a term paper or large
project.
201. Annotated Portfolios – Student turns in creative work, with student’s explanation of
the work in relation to the course content and goals.
Student Questions
202. Student Questions (Index Cards) – At the start of the semester, pass out index cards
and ask each student to write a question about the class and your expectations. The cards
rotate through the room, with each student adding a check-mark if they agree this
question is important for them. The teacher learns what the class is most anxious about.
203. Student Questions (Group-Decided) – Stop class, group students into fours, ask
them to take five minutes to decide on the one question they think is crucial for you to
answer right now.
204. Questions as Homework – Students write questions before class on 3x5 cards: “What
I really wanted to know about mitochondrial DNA but was afraid to ask...”
205. Student-Generated Test Questions – Students create likely exam questions and
model the answers. Variation: same activity, but with students in teams, taking each
others’ quizzes.
206. Minute Paper Shuffle – Ask students to write a relevant question about the material,
using no more than a minute, and collect them all. Shuffle and re-distribute, asking each
student to answer his new question. Can be continued a second or third round with the
same questions.
Role-Play
207. Role-Playing – Assign roles for a concept, students research their parts at home, and
they act it out in class. Observers critique and ask questions.
208. Role Reversal – Teacher role-plays as the student, asking questions about the content.
The students are collectively the teacher, and must answer the questions. Works well as
test review/prep.
209. Jury Trial. Divide the class into various roles (including witnesses, jury, judge, lawyers,
defendant, prosecution, audience) to deliberate on a controversial subject.
210. Press Conference – Ask students to role-play as investigative reporters asking
questions of you, the expert on the topic. They should seek a point of contradiction or
inadequate evidence, hounding you in the process with follow-up questions to all your
replies. Variation: can be done as group activity, with students first brainstorming
questions to ask.

211. Press Conference (Guest Speaker) – Invite a guest speaker and run the class like a
press conference, with a few prepared remarks and then fielding questions from the
audience.
212. Analytic Memo – Write a one-page analysis of an issue, roleplaying as an employer or
client.
Student Presentations
213. Fishbowl – A student unpacks her ideas and thoughts on a topic in front of others, who
take notes and then write a response. Avoid asking questions.
214. Impromptu Speeches – Students generate keywords, drop them into a hat, and self-
choose presenters to speak for 30 seconds on each topic.
215. Anonymous Peer Feedback – For student presentations or group projects, encourage
frank feedback from the observing students by asking them to rip up a page into quarters
and dedicating comments to each presenter. Multiple variations are possible in “forcing”
particular types of comments (i.e., require two compliments and two instances of
constructive feedback). Then, ask students to create a pile of comments for Student X,
another pile for Student Y, and so on.
216. PowerPoint Presentations – For those teaching in computer-mediated environments,
put students into groups of three or four students. Students focus their attention on a
chapter or article and present this material to the class using PowerPoint. Have groups
conference with you beforehand to outline their presentation strategy and ensure
coverage of the material.
217. Shower Boards – Purchase a slab of shower board from a home improvement store for
under $20 and have them cut it into four parts. Use these four boards as whiteboards in
student groups; they bring the boards to the front to offer their presentations.
Brainstorming
218. Group Concept Mapping – Start with large posterboards on tables around the room,
each with only a central node on it. Participants move around the room, adding sub-
nodes to each poster until they are full.
219. Round Robin – Have groups silently list top 3 answers to a problem/question. Allow all
groups to present one idea in a round robin format until all groups have exhausted their
lists. Scribe all answers and then discuss how to reduce/re-categorize answers. Have
groups vote on top three, provide results, discuss, and vote again.
220. Brainstorming on the Board – Students call out concepts and terms related to a topic
about to be introduced; the instructor writes them on the board. If possible, group them
into categories as you record the responses. Works to gauge pre-existing knowledge and
focus attention on the subject.
221. Brainstorming Tree – While brainstorming on the board, circle the major concepts
and perform sub-brainstorms on those specific words; the result will look like a tree
blooming outward.
222. Brainstorming in a Circle – Group students to discuss an issue together, and then
spend a few minutes jotting down individual notes. One person starts a brainstorming list
and passes it to the student to the right, who then adds to the list and passes it along
again.
223. Chalk Talk – Ask students to go to multiple boards around the room to brainstorm
answers to a prompt/assignment, but disallow all talking. Can also be done in groups.
Online Interaction
224. Online Chat (All-Day) – For classes meeting at least partially in an online
environment, instructors can simulate the benefits gained by a chat-room discussion
(more participation from reserved instructors) without requiring everyone to meet in a
chat room for a specific length of time. The day begins with a post from the instructor in a
discussion board forum. Students respond to the prompt, and continue to check back all

day, reading their peers’ posts and responding multiple times throughout the day to
extend discussion.
225. Online Chat (Quick) – To gauge a quick response to a topic or reading assignment,
post a question, and then allow students to chat in a synchronous environment for the
next 10 minutes on the topic. A quick examination of the chat transcript will reveal a
multitude of opinions and directions for further discussion. In online environments,
many students can “talk” at once, with less chaotic and more productive results than in a
face-to-face environment.
226. Online Evaluation – For those teaching in online environments, schedule a time which
students can log on anonymously and provide feedback about the course and your
teaching. Understand, however, that anonymity online sometimes breeds a more
aggressive response than anonymity in print.
227. Pre-Class Writing – A few days before your computer-mediated class begins, have
students respond in an asynchronous environment to a prompt about this week’s topic.
Each student should post their response and at least one question for further discussion.
During the face-to-face meeting, the instructor can address some of these questions or
areas not addressed in the asynchronous forum.
228. E-Mail Feedback – Instructor poses questions about his teaching via e-mail; students
reply anonymously.
Many individuals have assisted over the years by contributing ideas and their own teaching
practices. They are listed below in alphabetical order:
 Melody Bowdon
 Tace Crouse
 Gail Grabowsky
 Jace Hargis
 Vicki Lavendol
 Eric Main
 Sommer Mitchell
 Alison Morrison-Shetlar
 Christina Partin
 Kingsley Reeves
 Kenyatta Rivers
 Erin Saitta
 Anna Turner
 Nicole West

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