Harware and Networking Training In Nagpur

NETWORKING
--BY NANDINI CHOPKAR
www.pskitservices.com

• HISTORY OF NETWORK AND
NETWORKING
• Network is a Group of connected devices such as computer , desktop or laptop,
network switch, router, modem. Printers NIC-card etc
• Networking Means Communication Between Connected Devices.
Exchange data information

NETWORK CONCEPT
• Interconnection of two or more devices is called network.

• The communication between two or more interconnected devices
is called networking.

INTERNETWORK & INTERNETWORKING :-
• Internetworking means communications between two or more connected networks
• Internetwork means connections of two or more deferent networks.

WHAT IS NETWORK ?
• A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the
computer to communicate with another computer and share their resources, data,
and applications.
A computer network can be categorized by their size.
• A computer network is mainly of Three
types:
a) LAN
b) MAN
c) WAN

LAN
1) Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as building,
office , home etc..
2) LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a communication medium such as
twisted pair, coaxial cable, Ofc etc.
3) It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, Switch , network adapters, and
Ethernet cables.
4) The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area Network.
5) Local Area Network provides higher security.

MAN
1) A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area by interconnecting a
different LAN to form a larger network.
2) Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private industries.
In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone exchange line.
The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.
3) It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).

WAN:-
1) A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical area such as city to city ,
states or countries.
2) A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the LAN.
3) A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans over a large geographical area
through a telephone line, fibre optic cable or satellite links.
4) The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
5) A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and education.

BASIC REQUIREMENTS TO FORM A
NETWORK :-
1)Two or more computers with Lan card enabled
2) Media (wired or wireless )
3) Networking Devices (HUB, Switch, Router, Modem,
Crimping Tool, Punching Tool, Rack, etc..
4)Logical Address (ip address)
5) Protocols

NETWORKING DEVICES:-
Network or Networking Devices are called node they are used to configure ,connect
network
Example :
1) Hub
2) Switch
3) Router
4) Modem
5) Crimping tool
6) Punching tool
7) Cable tester
8) Rack
9) Patch panel
10) Io box
11) NIC Lan-card

NIC/LAN –CARD:-
• NIC is the interface between the computer and the network .
• It is also known as the LAN card or Ethernet card.
• Ethernet cards have a unique 48 bit address called as MAC (Media Access
control address
• Mac address is also called as physical address or hardware address
• The 48 bit MAC address is represented as hexadecimal digits ex. 00-16-
D3-0B-A4-C1
• Network cards available in different speeds
• Ethernet 10 MBPS
• Fast Ethernet 100 MBPS
• Gigabit Ethernet 1000 MBPS

There are two types of NIC:
1)Wired NIC: Cables use the wired NIC to transfer the data over the medium.
RJ45 Jack Lancard
USB RJ45 Jack NIC
2) Wireless NIC : All the modern laptops use the wireless NIC. In Wireless NIC, a
connection is made using the antenna that employs the radio wave technology.

HUB:-
1).Hub is a central device that splits the network connection into multiple devices. When
computer requests for information from a computer, it sends the request to the Hub.
2)Hub distributes this request to all the interconnected computers.
3)It is not an intelligent device.
4) It works with bits, uses broadcast for communications
5) Half duplex communications

SWITCH:-
1) Switch is a networking device that groups all the devices over the network to transfer the
data to another device.
2) A switch is better than Hub as it does not broadcast the message over the network, i.e., it
sends the message to the device for which it belongs to. Therefore, we can say that
switch sends the message directly from source to the destination.
3) Switch called intelligent device also.
4) It support full duplex communications .

ROUTER:-
• Router is an intelligent device
• It is used to connect multiple networks
• It works with logical addressing (IP Address)
• It maintains only IP table it works with fix bandwidth
• Router does routing , switching , Natting , filtering packets

MODEM:-
• Modem is an intelligent device
• It is used for internet connectivity
• It convert analog signals into digital signals and
digital to analog
• Two types of modems internal and external

CRIMPING TOOL:-
A crimping tool is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by
deforming one or both of them in a way that causes them to hold
each other. The result of the tool's work is called a crimp. A good
example of crimping is the process of affixing a connector to the end
of a cable.

PUNCHING TOOL:-
A punch tool is and blunter tipa small and narrow piece metal rod featuring a
sharp point. As shown in the accompanying photo, a punch tool features a sharp
point at the end. The other end of the punch tool features a larger

NETWORK RACK:-
Known by many names, a network rack is a metal frame chassis that holds, stacks, organizes,
secures and protects various computer network and server hardware devices. The term
"network" refers to the rack being used to house network hardware like routers, switches,
access points, and modems

Harware and Networking Training In Nagpur

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