Health prog planning and implementation
- 1. HEALTH PROGRAM PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION GRACE V. MALAYAN, MD, MHA, FPPS, FPAPP
- 2. PROBLEMS
- 3. OBJECTIVES • To differentiate planning vs health planning • To the scopes of health planning • To discuss steps in health program planning and implementation
- 4. PLANNING VS HEALTH PLANNING • Planning – is a combination of compiling and analyzing, information dreaming up ideas, using logic and imagination and judgement in order to come to a decision about what should be done
- 5. • Health planning – is the process of defining community health problems, identifying needs and resources, establishing priority goals, and setting out the administrative action needed to reach those goals
- 7. SCOPE OF PLANNING • 1. What is the target population/client? • Population • Institution • Programme • What is the plan intends to address should be clearly defined?
- 8. • 2. What is the target geographical region or area? • Village • District • Barangay • Zone/Region
- 9. • At what level are you planning? Has to be clearly defined. • For what level of comprehensive service should be planned?
- 10. DEGREE OF COMPREHENSIVENESS • Environmental Determinants • Diet-sanitary preparation of food • Avoidance of harmful life style • Sanitary housing condition • Unpolluted physical environment • Freedom from stress
- 11. • Comprehensive Health Care • Curative • Promotive • Preventive • Rehabilitative Health Care
- 12. FEATURES OF GOOD PLANNING • 1. A good plan should give • Clear vision/mission, goal and objectives • A clear picture of the tasks to be accomplished • The resources needed to accomplish the task (*Human resources, material, money, time, space and information)
- 13. • 2. Planning takes place at all levels • At any level in health system • It is continuous • It is cyclic/spiral process
- 14. • It can be applied to a large program at national level ex. Dengue Control Program (4 o’clock habit) • It can be applied to small one like barangay level ex. Construction of community health post
- 15. • 3. It should be a collective undertaking • It requires participation of professionals, community/NGOs, Government/Party
- 16. TYPES OF PLANNING • 1. Strategic planning – often as alocative planning --- normally 5 years or more • 2. Tactical/operational planning – may be referred to as activity planning, covers a short period ( less than a year)
- 17. STRATEGIC PLANNING • The process of determining what an organization intends to be in the future and how will it get there. • It is finding the best future for your organization and the best path to reach that destination.
- 19. TACTICAL/OPERATIONAL PLANNING • Is a short range planning that emphasizes the current operations of various parts of the organization
- 20. SIX STEPS IN PLANNING • 1. Situational analysis • 2. Analyzing and selecting critical (priority) problems • 3. Setting objectives and targets • 4. Identifying potential obstacles • 5. Designing the strategies • 6. Writing up the plan
- 21. STEP 1. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS • Review and describe organizational characteristics • Consider National Health policies and programmes • Analyze the organizational structure and functions of the health services • Identify limitations/bottlenecks in the organization structure • Review past implementation experience • Analyze the health condition (magnitude) • Study the size, composition and distribution of the population • Collect information about the resources
- 22. STEP 2. SELECTING CRITICAL PROBLEM (PRIORITY) • Analyze problems and constraints • Define the problem
- 23. What exist now? What should be the ideal programme? Ideal situation Problem Gap 50% vaccination coverage 80% coverage (EPI) 30%
- 24. CRITERIA IN SELECTING A PRIORITY PROBLEM • Does the problem • 1. Affect large number of people? • 2. Cause high infant mortality? • 3. Affect mental health? • 4. Affect children and young persons? • 5. Cause chronic conditions and handicap? • 6. Affect socio-economic development? • 7. Cause worry to the community?
- 25. • Based on the previous question, the criteria can be the • Magnitude of the problem • Degree of severity • Feasibility ? – effectiveness, cost and social acceptability • Community concern • Government concern and social acceptability
- 26. STEP 3. SETTING OBJECTIVE/TARGET • Objectives are desired end states (outcomes) of a programme • If the programme is made to have an objective and target the is must be relevant (fits health policy).
- 27. • The objective should be SMART • S=specific • M=measurable • A=Achievable • R=Realistic • T=Time bound
- 28. STEP 4. IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL OBSTACLES • Why objectives could not be attained? • Which are the limitations and obstacles?
- 29. • POSSIBLE OBSTACLES People Lack of interest No skilled personnel Equipment Not available Expensive Money No budget Time People may not have time Environmental Geographical problems Climate Type of diseases Technical Electricity Social factors Traditions may operate against plan
- 30. EXAMPLE ANALYSIS OF OBSTACLES
- 31. STEP 5 DESIGNING STRATEGIES 1. Outline potential strategies this include- • Technology to be applied • Procedure to be used • Defining the role of the communities and other relevant sectors
- 32. • 2. Design the details of selected strategy • 3. Determine resources required in terms of proposed strategy like time, staff, facilities and materials , money • 4. Estimate strategy costs and assess adequacy
- 33. STEP 6 WRITING UP THE PLAN • The purpose of the writing the plan
- 34. THE SEVEN GUIDELINE WORDS • 1. Why are we doing this? – Rationale /problem situation • 2. What is to be done? –The objectives and the targets are clearly stated • 3. How will it be done? – Strategies of the activities • 4. Who will do it? – Types and quantity of human power, equipment required, cost state • 5. What are the things needed? • 5. Where will the work be done? – Area/village • 6. When will the work be done?- Schedule of activities • 7. By whom and how will it be controlled? – Allocate responsibilities for activities and information to be collected for monitoring
- 39. REFERENCES • 1. Jira, C. et al.Health planning and management for health workers. Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative. November 2004 • 2. American Journal of Public Health January 2014 • 3. Health Planning and Development by Jones 2009