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High Availability
Pascal Robert	

Druide informatique
Business requirements
• Check your requirements!	

• Recovery Time Objective (RTO)	

• Recovery Point Objective (RPO)	

• Budget	

• SLA from your providers
DNS
• Think about it!	

• Use a solid DNS provider!	

• TTL!
Cloud or my own?
• Cloud is more flexible and more scalable on demand	

• Easy grow with the cloud	

• Own hardware might cost less	

• Choose your provider wisely (read the fine prints!)	

• Snapshots!
Simple setup
• One Web server + one or more app servers + one db server	

• Pros:	

• Cost is not too high	

• Scales your WO applications	

• Cons:	

• No high availability for your Web and database services
HA for databases
• Replication/standby	

• Only failover, or read-only slaves	

• Great for multi locations	

• Clustering/load balancing	

• Might have some drawbacks	

• Not ideal for multi locations	

• Amazon RDS
Replication/clustering doesn’t
replace backups!!	

!
Neither RAID!
Tools for the job
Tools for Linux
• Heartbeat	

• HAProxy	

• DRBD
Heartbeat
• Can mounts a virtual network interface	

• Monitor services and switch over	

• Failover or load balancing
HAProxy
• Load balancer as software	

• Can use Heartbeat for LB failover	

• Can look for session ID in cookie or url path	

• Can act as basic firewall	

• Not only for HTTP(S)
DRBD
• RAID 1 over a network	

• Failover or clustering, depends on file system
Basic HA setup
• Two Web/apps servers with Heartbeat (active/passive)	

• Two database servers and Heartbeat and DRBD
Average HA setup
• Two Web servers with Heartbeat	

• Two app servers with Heartbeat (for Monitor)	

• Two database servers and Heartbeat and DRBD
Fantastic HA setup
• Two load balancers with HAProxy and Heatbeat	

• Two active Web servers	

• Two or more app servers	

• Two database servers, with Heartbeat and DRBD
Tools for the cloud
• Auto scaling	

• RackSpace Auto Scale	

• Amazon Auto Scaling	

• Load balancers	

• Amazon Elastic Load Balancer	

• Linode NodeBalancers	

• Rackspace Cloud Load Balancers
Rackspace Auto Scale
• Can check by memory, CPU, load, file system and network	

• Have APIs	

• NeedVM images	

• Specify minimum and maximum
Amazon Auto Scaling
• Works with Cloud Watch	

• Will scale based on network requests or load	

• Needs AMIs	

• Have APIs	

• Specify minimum and maximum
Amazon Elastic Load Balancer
• Supports TCP, HTTP, HTTPS and SSL	

• Can check path (URL)	

• Can load balance between regions	

• Integration with CloudWatch	

• Can use the application’s session cookie (wosid)
Linode Node Balancers
• Supports TCP, HTTP and HTTPS	

• Session Stickiness works with tables of IPs or HTTP cookie	

• Health check can do a status (2xx, 3xx) check or regex on body
Rackspace Cloud Load Balancers
• Can cache content (images, audio, video, css)	

• Can display error page when all nodes are down	

• Session persistence by cookie for http only	

• Required for Auto Scale
Mixing
• You can use HAProxy and heartbeat in the cloud	

• DRBD might work, but I can’t confirm
Monitoring/relaunch
• You can use Nagios’ event handlers to restart stuck instances	

• Amazon Cloud Watch and Rack monitoring are good too	

• Start new app instances orVMs based on memory or other
criteria
Alternatives
• Use mod_proxy_balancer and Direct Connect	

• Use Puppet/Chef
TODOs
• Scripts to monitor state of apps for scaling	

• Event handlers for Nagios	

• Replace JavaMonitor with something else	

• Should we get away from wotaskd and the WO adaptor?
Q&A

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High availability

  • 2. Business requirements • Check your requirements! • Recovery Time Objective (RTO) • Recovery Point Objective (RPO) • Budget • SLA from your providers
  • 3. DNS • Think about it! • Use a solid DNS provider! • TTL!
  • 4. Cloud or my own? • Cloud is more flexible and more scalable on demand • Easy grow with the cloud • Own hardware might cost less • Choose your provider wisely (read the fine prints!) • Snapshots!
  • 5. Simple setup • One Web server + one or more app servers + one db server • Pros: • Cost is not too high • Scales your WO applications • Cons: • No high availability for your Web and database services
  • 6. HA for databases • Replication/standby • Only failover, or read-only slaves • Great for multi locations • Clustering/load balancing • Might have some drawbacks • Not ideal for multi locations • Amazon RDS
  • 9. Tools for Linux • Heartbeat • HAProxy • DRBD
  • 10. Heartbeat • Can mounts a virtual network interface • Monitor services and switch over • Failover or load balancing
  • 11. HAProxy • Load balancer as software • Can use Heartbeat for LB failover • Can look for session ID in cookie or url path • Can act as basic firewall • Not only for HTTP(S)
  • 12. DRBD • RAID 1 over a network • Failover or clustering, depends on file system
  • 13. Basic HA setup • Two Web/apps servers with Heartbeat (active/passive) • Two database servers and Heartbeat and DRBD
  • 14. Average HA setup • Two Web servers with Heartbeat • Two app servers with Heartbeat (for Monitor) • Two database servers and Heartbeat and DRBD
  • 15. Fantastic HA setup • Two load balancers with HAProxy and Heatbeat • Two active Web servers • Two or more app servers • Two database servers, with Heartbeat and DRBD
  • 16. Tools for the cloud • Auto scaling • RackSpace Auto Scale • Amazon Auto Scaling • Load balancers • Amazon Elastic Load Balancer • Linode NodeBalancers • Rackspace Cloud Load Balancers
  • 17. Rackspace Auto Scale • Can check by memory, CPU, load, file system and network • Have APIs • NeedVM images • Specify minimum and maximum
  • 18. Amazon Auto Scaling • Works with Cloud Watch • Will scale based on network requests or load • Needs AMIs • Have APIs • Specify minimum and maximum
  • 19. Amazon Elastic Load Balancer • Supports TCP, HTTP, HTTPS and SSL • Can check path (URL) • Can load balance between regions • Integration with CloudWatch • Can use the application’s session cookie (wosid)
  • 20. Linode Node Balancers • Supports TCP, HTTP and HTTPS • Session Stickiness works with tables of IPs or HTTP cookie • Health check can do a status (2xx, 3xx) check or regex on body
  • 21. Rackspace Cloud Load Balancers • Can cache content (images, audio, video, css) • Can display error page when all nodes are down • Session persistence by cookie for http only • Required for Auto Scale
  • 22. Mixing • You can use HAProxy and heartbeat in the cloud • DRBD might work, but I can’t confirm
  • 23. Monitoring/relaunch • You can use Nagios’ event handlers to restart stuck instances • Amazon Cloud Watch and Rack monitoring are good too • Start new app instances orVMs based on memory or other criteria
  • 24. Alternatives • Use mod_proxy_balancer and Direct Connect • Use Puppet/Chef
  • 25. TODOs • Scripts to monitor state of apps for scaling • Event handlers for Nagios • Replace JavaMonitor with something else • Should we get away from wotaskd and the WO adaptor?
  • 26. Q&A