HIGH YIELD TOPICS OF NEETPG (1).pdf with topics from every subject
- 1. HIGH YIELD TOPICS OF NEETPG DR MOHIT SAHU MBBS,MD INTERNAL MEDICINE AIR 38(NEETPG)
- 2. INTEGRATED STUDY It includes 5 subjects medicine pathology pharmacology microbiology physiology
- 3. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • HEART FAILURE – biomarkers drugs for heart failure (new drugs) anti arrythmic drugs (imp) ECG ( WPW, PSVT, Atrial fibrillation,VT,Heart block) MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION- basic timing of PCI and thrombolysis indication and C/I of Thrombolysis ECG of MI + blood supply of heart related to location of MI + pathological features of MI + cardiac markers(LDH)
- 4. • Wellen syndrome • ROSE questionnaire (NEET2022) • MIDAS • CAGE and AUDIT • BRUGADA syndrome • PSEUDO-brugada MYOCARDITIS (NEET23)- histology+causes+ DALLAS criteria + LAKE LOUIS criteria VALVULAR HEART DISEASE- only murmurs and severity of disease (MS,MR,AR AND AS)+ coarctation of aorta (VVI) DUKE and jones criteria (NEET) Images of Roth spots+osler node+ Janeway lesion+splinter h’ge
- 5. Osler nodes
- 6. • Aortic dissection (types+investigation+treatment) • Aortic aneurysm( indication of treatment) • Leriche syndrome (TRIAD) • Cardiac tamponade (ECG+BECK’s triad+treatment) • PULMONARY hypertension – types drugs most imp gene XRAY PULMONARY Embolism- wells criteria(NEET20)+ ECG+ algorithm for PE+xray features+ McConell sign+IVC filters+Investigations
- 7. • Autoregulation of BP (Bainbridge reflex) • JVP ( PAY TAX) • Cardiac cycle + physiologic change in pregnancy • STARLING, POISEUiLLE’s law and laplace law. • Ebb and flow phase • Windkessel vessel- aorta • Highest resistance- arterioles • Capacitance vessel- veins • Highest cross sectional area- capillary • Anticoagulant drugs NEET VVI+ STATINS • Fetal circulation
- 8. GIT • GI hormones • Ileal brake (Peptide YY) • Malabsorption – tests causes – celiac and Whipple with histology type 1 and 2 refractory celiac disease Inflammatory bowel disease (VVI) especially drugs and features Scores – CTP MELD 3.0 tests for fibrosis
- 10. • Autoimmune hepatitis ( antibody+ histology + scoring system) • Causes of micronodular VS macronodular cirrhosis microvesicular VS macrovesicular cirrhosis • Congenital hyperbilirubinemia ( ROTOR vs DUBIN-JOHNSON) • Mallory denk body ( image + causes) • Enterohepatic circulation (esp. bile acids) • Most potent choleretic- bile salts • Most potent cholagogue- CCk • Most alkaline secretion- Brunner glands • Maxm gastric secretion – gastric phase • Saliva has highest daily secretion of potassium but highest concentration is present in RECTAL fluids (RECENT NEET)
- 11. • Drugs for IBS + ROME IV criteria • DOC for IBS-C = LUBIPRISTONE • DOC for IBS-D= ALOSETRON • Investigations and treatment in Wilson+hemochromatosis • Arthropathy and hypogonadism doesn’t improve with Rx • Stains of Wilson disease( rubeanic and rhodamine) • Nazer index • Menke disease ( only gene name +lysyl oxidase+X+ investigatn) • Hepatitis virus (A to E) family with envelope with strand • hepB graph + histology of acute and chronic hepatitis + treatment (most imp)+ drugs • HepD ( Co and superinfection) • Imp drugs for chemotherapy induced vomiting
- 12. • Schilling test and menetrier disease(image) • Maltoma (neet) • Food poisoning (micro) mainly preformed toxin • Enteric nervous system+basal electrical rhythm(duodenum) • Gastrocolic+enterogastric reflex {neet} • Neurotransmitter of peristalsis • Site of absorption of vitamins • GLUT and SGLT • Enzymes of digestion+ ghrelin • List of dietary fibre {gums isn’t present in diet} • Lingual lipase{ebner}
- 13. CNS • Sensory receptors {neet} with images • Classification of fibres( A,B and C) • Gate control theory – TENS + weber Fechner law+ muller doctrine • Sensory tracts with type of sensation they carry + order of neurons • Brodmann areas {neet} esp sensory + motor+ broca & Wernicke • Lips have largest representation of sensation • Most potent algogenic- bradykinin • Endogenous opiods (acupuncture) • Brown sequerd syndrome
- 14. • Visual pathway with physiology of transmission {neet} because it’s a exception it causes hyperpolarisation • Taste receptors {UMAMI} • Types of pupil ( Wernicke/homie adie/argyll Robertson) • Erlanger and gasser classification • Types of intra and extrafusial fibres/ nuclear bag vs chain • Withdrawal reflex • Inverse stretch reflex & crossed extensor reflex • Golgi tendon organs & muscle spindle • Only names of pyramidal and extrapyramidal tract • Decorticate VS Decerebrate rigidity
- 15. • Basal ganglia circuit with nuclei • Cerebellum with lobes+ nuclei+cell • Climbing vs Mossy fibres • Feedforward vs Feedback inhibition • Papez circuit & basics of hypothalamus • Sleep and EEG • Brainstem syndromes with anatomical diagrams • Medical management and advances in stroke ( indication and C/I of thrombolysis in stroke) • Subarachnoid h’ge and common site of intraparenchymal strokes • Named Epilepsy + anti epileptic drugs • Anti psychotic drugs with ADR • GCS scoring (tip of the tongue)
- 16. • Causes of small and Large fibre neuropathy • GBS ( types treatment and CIDP) – clinical question • Botulism and snake bite- clinical question • Multiple sclerosis- variants, radiology, drugs (NEET) • Motor neuron disease –clinical question • Headache- medication overuse / migraine/ cluster headache(HOTTOPIC) • Trigeminal neuralgia – neet 2024 • Myasthenia- investigation and clinical case • Compressive VS non compressive myelopathy • Parkinson and alzhiemer – mainly clinical and drugs (2024) • Tumors of CNS –from patho( glioblastoma/oligodendro/medullo)
- 17. • Normal pressure hydrocephalus ( TRIAD neet 2022) • Ataxia telangiectasia – chromosome and clinical • Fredrich ataxia
- 18. ENDOCRINOLOGY • Hormones list with receptors • Read thyroid hormone physiology with clinical features of hypo and hyperthyroidism and pregnancy requirement • Thyroid storm and myxedema coma with drugs (NEET) • Diabetic complications with images of retinopathy • DKA with details • Addison disease and CONN syndrome • SAME (syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess) • Pheochromocytoma – inestigations and treatment with clinical case • Cushing syndrome- clinical case with screening and confirmatory test and drugs for cushing disease
- 19. • Drugs for acromegaly and prolactinoma • Drugs for osteoporosis – potential topic • Risk factors for osteoporosis (NEET) • Anti obesity drugs- bariatric is an emerging topic • Drugs for diabetes with side effects • Renal osteodystrophy with radiology image • Diabetes insipidus – causes with treatment • SIADH- schwartz criteria with causes
- 20. Respiratory system • Pneumocytes with types and surfactants • Gas exchange basics with bohr and Haldane effect • Basics of spirometry with measurements • Pressures ( transpulmonary + intrapleural+ alveolar) • Causes of raised and reduced DLCO • Flow volume loop curve (NEET) • Types of hypoxia and regulation of respiration with lesions • Asthma and COPD – treatment with pathological named bodies • Monoclonal antibody for ASTHMA ( most IMP) • Genetic causes of bronchiectasis with radiological images
- 21. • Respiratory failure and types • ARDS with treatment and causes • Cystic fibrosis – treatment (most IMP) • Sleep apneas- definition (NEET) and polysomnogram with list of its parts • Types of breathing ( Cheyne stokes/ ataxic/ kussmaul) with graphs and causes ( asked twice in neet) • Obesity hypoventilation syndrome VS Obstructive sleep apnea( NEET) • Metabolic syndrome + OSA = syndrome Z • Ca lung from pathology only – markers+histo • Drugs (new drugs)
- 22. NEPHROLOGY • Estimation of Cr clearance, GFR, Net filtration pressure • Factors affecting GFR (most imp) • Renal autoregulation SBP of 80mmHG • Myogenic regulation acts by opening Ca channels • Tubuloglomerular feedback • Why GBM is negative charged ? {neet} • Renal tubular acidosis esp type 1 and 2 with causes • Bartter VS gittelman VS liddle • Sites of absorption of potassium, calcium, bicarb and Na • Site of action of PTH with mechanism of action
- 23. • Graphs of Transport maximum • Countercurrent mechanism • Micturition reflex with nerve supply and drugs acting on it for eg. Tolterodine, flavoxate, solifenacin etc • Acid base balance ( 1 Q sure ) • Nephrotic syndrome ( histological features + image + causes ) • Most imp are FSGS, MCD and MPGN • Nephritc – images of crescent + RPGN + PSGN histo • SLE – histo is must and treatment is imp for LUPUS NEPHRITIS • Histological feature of Diabetic nephropathy ( K-W lesion ) • Polycystic kidneys with gene,chromosome,extrarenal feature with treatment TARGET BP =140/90
- 24. • Urine analysis- definition of microhematuria • 40-5-1 rule • Glomerular VS non glomerular hematuria • Images of renal stones (MUST) • Causes of various CASTS (NEET) • Definition of Aki by KDIGO and classification of severity • Causes of AKI with drugs especially ampho and acyclovir • Prerenal VS intrinsic renal AKI • Drugs causing interstitial nephritis • Contrast inducing nephropathy and rhabdomyalysis • Fibromuscular dysplasia
- 25. • Hemodialysis VS peritoneal dialysis • HUS and TTP • Renal cell Ca from patho and surgery • ALPORT syndrome • ADPKD , medullary cystic kidney • Atheroembolic kidney disease (clinical case)
- 26. RHEUMATOLOGY • Inflammatory VS Non-inflammatory arthritis • Rheumatoid arthritis- clinical features + lab investigation extraarticular feature+ treatment (new drugs) • Seronegative spondyloarthropathy- xray images named signs image of keratoderma blenorrhagic psoriatic (Rx most imp) • Gout vs pseudogout Treatment of gout both acute and chronic Causes of pseudogout
- 27. • Risk factors for osteoarthritis • ACR criteria of SLE and various antibodies – sensitive and specific • SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS- difference between limited & diffuse with treatment and antibodies • Sjogren syndrome- antibody with Rx • Sarcoidosis – named signs + investigation • Dermatomyositis – images + antibody
- 28. Emergencies • DKA • MI • Pulmonary embolism • AORTIC dissection • Thyroid storm • Hyperkalemia • Hypokalemia • Status epilepticus • stroke
- 29. MICROBIOLOGY • BACTERIA- staphylococcus ( toxin +resistance + antibiotics) pneumococcus ( bile soluble+optochin sensitive+ Rx) neiserria – difference and Rx (waterhouse-friedrich Sx) Gram negative bacilli- E coli (most imp) salmonella and shigella toxins pseudomonas – toxins and named disease & antibiotics chlamydia and rickettsia – treatment and diseases with vectors and agent DIPHTHERIA – species and clostridium – medias and perfringes
- 30. • Culture media • Methods of sterilisation • Virology – tables of envelope and stranded virus Herpes family (most IMP) HIV – most imp – mainly clinical feature, opportunistic infections and treatment ( drugs are most imp) Fungus- mainly dimorphic fungi+ candida+ cryptococcus+aspergillus and mucor with images Parasitology- kalaazar + malaria and nematodes – strongyloides and lymphatic filariasis ( treatment + images )
- 31. Pharmacology • Anti cancer drugs ( ALKYLATING AGENT ) • Monoclonal antibody for Ca lung • Remember side effects of anti Cancer drugs • Drugs for herpes • Drugs for malaria • Drug resistance mechanism • CDK VS TDK • AMBER CLASSIFICATION