2. DETAILS OF STUDENT
Name – Srihan Shailesh Naik
Std – 9th
Div - A
Roll no - 46
School – Mahila & Nutan English High School
Topic – Goa Past & Present
Date – 20/07/2025
Sub – Social science
3. INDEX
Origin of Goa
Geography Of Goa
Pre- Portuguese Goa
Portuguese Impact on Goa
Architecture of Goa
Culture & Traditions of Goa
Rivers of Goa
Government & Politics
Recent Achievements
Photo Gallery
Source of information
4. ORIGIN OF GOA
There is evidence of the tectonic origins of Goa dating back to
10,000 BC.
Goa's origin is attributed to both mythological and geological
theories. Mythologically, it's linked to the legend of Parashurama,
an avatar of Vishnu, who is said to have reclaimed the land from
the sea.
Geologically, evidence suggests that Goa emerged from the
seabed due to tectonic uplift and movement.
In ancient literature, Goa was known by many names, such
as Gomanchala, , Gopakapattam, Gopakapuri, Govapuri, Govem,
and Gomantak.
Other historical names for Goa are Sindapur, Sandabur,
and Mahassapatam.
5. GEOGRAPHY OF GOA
Goa encompasses an area of
3,702 km2
(1,429 sq mi). It lies between the
latitudes 14°53′54″ N and 15°40′00″ N and
longitudes 73°40′33″ E and 74°20′13″ E.
Goa is a part of the coastal country known
as the Konkan, which is an escarpment
rising up to the Western Ghats range of
mountains, which separate it from
the Deccan Plateau. The highest point is
the Sonsogor Peak, with an altitude of
1,026 m (3,366 ft). Goa has a coastline of
160 km (99 mi).
Most of Goa's soil cover is made up
of laterites rich in ferric-aluminum oxides
and reddish in colour. Further inland and
along the riverbanks, the soil is
mostly alluvial and loamy. The soil is rich in
minerals and humus, thus conducive to
agriculture. Some of the oldest rocks in the
Indian subcontinent are found in Goa
between Molem and Anmod on Goa's
border with Karnataka. The rocks are
classified as Trondjemeitic
Gneiss estimated to be 3,600 million years
old, dated by rubidium isotope dating.
6. PRE-PORTUGUESE GOA
Rock art engravings found in Goa are one of the
earliest known traces of human life in India.
Petroglyphs , cones, stone-axe, and choppers
dating to 10,000 years ago have been found in
various locations in Goa, including Kazur,
Mauxim, and the Mandovi-Zuari basin. Recently
these petroglyphs have been included in the
tentative list of UNESCO world heritage sites.
In the 3rd century BC, Goa was part of
the Maurya Empire, ruled by the Buddhist
emperor, Ashoka of Magadha.
Buddhist monks laid the foundation
of Buddhism in Goa. Between the 2nd century
BC and the 6th century AD, Goa was ruled by
the Bhojas of Goa.
In 1312, Goa came under the governance of
the Delhi Sultanate.
After that dynasty, the area fell into the hands
of the Sultanate of Bijapur, who established as
their auxiliary capital the city known under the
Portuguese as Velha Goa (or Old Goa).
7. PORTUGUESE IMPACT ON GOA
Goa's unique culture is heavily influenced by the
Portuguese, who ruled the region for over 450
years. This influence is visible in various aspects
of Goan life, including architecture, cuisine,
language, and religion.
The Portuguese colonization of Goa left an
enduring impact on its architectural landscape,
with a distinct fusion of European and Indian
elements. Portuguese architecture introduced
new styles, construction techniques, and design
aesthetics that influenced the construction of
buildings and churches in Goa.
The Portuguese brought with them advanced
construction techniques and architectural styles
that revolutionized the building practices in Goa.
They introduced the use of lime mortar, a
durable and versatile material that allowed for
the construction of larger and more complex
structures. The Portuguese also popularized the
use of laterite stone, a locally available material
known for its durability and ability to withstand
the coastal climate. This indigenous material
became a prominent feature in Goan
architecture.
8. ARCHITECHTURE OF GOA
Goan architecture is a unique
blend of Portuguese colonial
styles and traditional Indian
designs, influenced by
Hindu, Islamic, and Jain
styles. This fusion resulted in
a distinctive architectural
style characterized by
features like balcões
(covered verandas), brightly
colored facades, and
courtyards.
Goan architecture is a
harmonious mix of Baroque,
Manueline, and Gothic styles,
adapted to the local climate
and materials.
9. CULTURE & TRADITIONS OF GOA
Goa is a state of India. Goans are
commonly said to be born with
music and football in their blood
because both are deeply
entrenched in Goan culture.
The most popular celebrations in
the Indian state of Goa include
the Goa Carnival, Shigmo and São
João (Feast of John the Baptist).
The most popular festivals in Goa
include GaneshChaturthi , Diwali,
Christmas, Easter , Samvatsar
Padvo or Sanvsar Padvo and the
feast of St. Francis Xavier, who is
known as Goencho Saib by the
Catholic Community in Goa.
10. RIVERS OF GOA
Goa's major rivers include the Mandovi,
Zuari, Terekhol, Chapora, Sal, Talpona, and
Galgibag. These rivers, along with their
tributaries, are crucial for the state's water
resources, irrigation, and transportation.
The Mandovi and Zuari rivers, in particular,
are vital, draining a significant portion of
Goa's area and supporting various
activities.
Terekhol, Mandovi, Baga, Zuari, Colval,
Saleri, Mandre, Harmal, Sal, Talpona and
Galjibag are the eleven rivers of Goa which
are known as the lifelines of the state. Due
to the extent of their drainage areas and the
human attraction they hold, these main
eleven rivers and their 42 tributaries are
significant, not only as the source of potable
water but they support also the Goan eco-
systems
11. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS
The politics of Goa are a result of the
uniqueness of this region due to 450 years of
Portuguese rule, in comparison to two
centuries of British rule experienced by most of
the rest of India. The Indian National
Congress was unable to achieve electoral
success in the first two decades after the State's
incorporation into India. Instead, the state was
dominated by the regional political parties
like Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and
the United Goans Party.
The Congress Party and the Bharatiya Janata
Party (BJP) are the two largest parties in the
state.
Goa has a unicameral legislature, the Goa
Legislative Assembly, of 40 members, headed
by a speaker. The chief minister heads the
executive, which is made up of the party or
coalition elected with a majority in the
legislature. The governor, the head of the state,
is appointed by the president of India.
12. RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS
From sports arenas to the tech landscapes and the
world of entertainment, Goa’s collective
achievements have not only made this year
memorable but have also propelled the state to
greater global recognition.
Goa has recently achieved several milestones,
including becoming the first state to provide tap
water to every household under the "Har Ghar Jal
Mission", achieving 100% ODF (Open Defecation
Free) status, and completing 100% first dose COVID-
19 vaccination. Additionally, Goa has been
recognized for its efforts in sustainable and
regenerative tourism, winning awards for its
initiatives.
Recently that is on 30th
May 2025 that is on Goas‘s
Statehood day, the Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant
has also declared Goa as, a 100% literal state of
India.
Panjim City has received the cleanest city award
under the Swachh Survekshan 2024-2025.
14. SOURCE OF INFORMATION
The information was sourced from:
Wikipedia
Times of India
Government of Goa, Official web portal.
Britannica
The Indian Rivers Blog
The images were sourced from:
Google
AI images
Facebook
