History Chapter 14 Study Guide
- 1. HISTORY CHAPTER 14 TEST STUDY GUIDE By Ally Naifeh
- 2. SECTION 1 Vocabulary Section Review Reading Check Timeline
- 3. VOCABULARY Utopia- community based on a vision of a perfect society sought by reformers Revival- a series of meetings conducted by a preacher to arouse religious emotions Temperance- the use of little or no alcoholic drink normal school- a two-year school for training high school graduates as teachers Transcendentalist- any of a group of New England writers who stressed the relationship between human beings and nature, spiritual things over material things, and the importance of the individual conscience
- 4. SECTION REVIEW 2-3 2. What were the three accepted principles of public education in the 1850s? Pg. 413 By the 1850s most states had accepted three basic principles of public education: that schools should be free and supported by taxes, that teachers should be trained, and that children should be required to attend school. 3. How did Thoreau act on his beliefs? What impact might such acts have had on the government? Pg. 415 He refused to pay one-dollar tax to vote and chose to go to jail. Thoreau put his beliefs into practice through civil disobedience refusing to obey laws he thought were unjust.
- 5. SECTION REVIEW 4-5 4. What did Thomas Jefferson mean when he said that the United States could not survive as a democracy without educated and well-informed citizens? Pg. 3 “... (W)ell directed education improves the morals, enlarges the minds, enlightens the councils, instructs the industry, and advances the power, the prosperity, and the happiness ...” 5. Re-create the diagram below and describe two ways the religious movement influenced reform. Pg. 413 The first Great Awakening had spread through the colonies in the mid-1700s. The new religious movement began with frontier camp meetings called revivals. Religious People came from miles around to hear eloquent preachers, such as Charles Finney, and to pray, sing, weep, and shout. The experience often made men and women eager to reform both their own lives and the world. The Second Great Awakening increased church membership. It also Movement inspired people to become involved in missionary work and social reform movements.
- 6. SECTION REVIEW Study the painting of the school room on page 414. What is pictured that you still use in school today? Pg. 414 Alphabet
- 7. READING CHECK What were the effects of the second great awakening? Church membership increased and people were more eager to reform both their own lives and the world. How did Dr. Samuel Howe help the visually impaired? He developed books with large raised letters that people with sight impairments could “read “ with their fingers. Howe headed the Perkins Institute, a school for the blind, in Boston. What was one of the subjects that margaret fuller wrote about? Through her writings, Fuller supported rights for women.
- 8. TIMELINE • 1820 • 1830 • 1840 • 1850 1825 1835 1837 1843 Robert Owen Oberlin College Horace Mann initiates Dorothea Dix reveals establishes New admits African education reform abuses of mentally ill Harmony, Indiana Americans
- 9. SECTION 2 Vocabulary Section Review Reading Check Timeline
- 10. VOCABULARY Abolitionist- a person who strongly favors doing away with slavery Underground Railroad- a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North
- 11. SECTION REVIEW 2-3 2. Describe the American Colonization Society’s solution to slavery. Pg. 219 The American Colonization Society, formed in 1816 by a group of white Virginians, worked to free enslaved workers gradually by buying them from slaveholders and sending them abroad to start new lives. 3. What role did Harriet Tubman play in the antislavery movement? Pg. 423 After her escape from slavery, Harriet Tubman became the most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad. Slaveholders offered a large reward for Tubman’s capture or death.
- 12. SECTION REVIEW 4-5 4. Compare the arguments of Northerners with Southerners who opposed abolitionism. Pg. 423 Southern slaveholders—and many Southerners who did not have slaves—opposed abolitionism because they believed it threatened the South’s way of life, which depended on enslaved labor. Many people in the North also opposed the abolitionist movement. 5. Use a diagram like the one below to identify actions that abolitionists took to free enslaved people. Pg. Freeing of Enslaved People Garrison attracted enough followers to start the New England Antislavery Society in 1832 and the American Antislavery Society the next year In 1830 free African American leaders held their first convention in Philadelphia. As a runaway, Douglass could have been captured and returned to slavery. Still, he joined the Massachusetts Antislavery Society and traveled widely to address abolitionist meetings. Born a free man in North Carolina, writer David Walker of Boston published an impas- sioned argument against slavery.
- 13. SECTION REVIEW 6 6. Study the map on page 423. Why do you think more enslaved people escaped from the border states than from the Deep South? Pg. 423 Because the faster they crossed the border was when they could stopped being scared of somebody capturing them.
- 14. READING CHECK Why did Frederick Douglass return to the United States? Douglass returned to the United States because he believed abolitionists must fight slavery at its source. How did the American Colonization Society Fight Slavery? The American Colonization Society, formed in 1816 by a group of white Virginians, worked to free enslaved workers gradually by buying them from slaveholders and sending them abroad to start new lives.
- 15. TIMELINE • 1815 • 1830 • 1845 • 1860 1816 1822 1831 1847 American First African William Lloyd Liberia becomes Colonization Americans Garrison The an independent Society is formed settle in Liberia Liberator country
- 16. SECTION 3 Vocabulary Section Review Reading Check Timeline
- 17. VOCABULARY Suffrage- the right to vote Coeducation- the teaching of male and female students together
- 18. SECTION REVIEW 2-3 How did the fight to end slavery help spark the women’s movement? Pg. Women sympathized with slaves because they too were oppressed and disenfranchised by men. Women played a huge part in abolition for that reason and in the hopes that, were African American males to obtain the basic rights of humanity, women might as well. Discuss three specific goals of the women’s rights movement. Pg. 425 & 426 Mott gave lectures in Philadelphia calling for temperance, peace, workers’ rights, and abolition. The women’s declaration called for an end to all laws that discriminated against women. It demanded that women be allowed to enter the all-male world of trades, professions, and businesses. The most controversial issue at the Seneca Falls Convention concerned suffrage, or the right to vote
- 19. SECTION REVIEW 4-5 What qualities do you think women such as Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Elizabeth Blackwell shared? Pg. These women shared the view of world equality and not just in the United States. These people were significant in propelling America into what it is today. Re-create the diagram below and list the areas where women gained rights. Pg. Womens Rights The convention voted to include the demand for woman suffrage in the United States, this happened in Seneca Falls, New York. Beginning with Wyoming in 1890, several states granted women the right to vote. New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Wisconsin, Mississippi, and the new state of California recognized the right of women to own property after their marriage.
- 20. SECTION REVIEW 6 Study the information on the feature on the Seneca Falls Convention on pages 426–427. When did Wyoming women gain the right to vote? What “first” did Elizabeth Blackwell accomplish? Pg. 427 In 1869 Women granted voting rights in Wyoming Territory. Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States.
- 21. READING CHECK What is suffrage? Suffrage is the right to vote. Who established the Troy Female Seminary? Emma Willard
- 22. TIMELINE • 1830 • 1860 • 1890 1869 1837 1848 1857 Wyoming Territory Mary Lyon First women’s Elizabeth Blackwell grants women the establishes Mount rights convention founds the New York right to vote Holyoke Female held in Seneca Infirmary for Women and Seminary Falls, New York Children
- 23. CHAPTER ASSESSMENT Chapter Questions Chapter Summary Important Women of the Seneca Falls convention
- 24. QUESTIONS 12-14 What were the founders of utopias hoping to achieve? Pg. 412 Some reformers sought to improve society by forming utopias. What problems in society did reformers in the temperance movement blame on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages? Pg. 413 Reformers blamed alcohol for poverty, the breakup of families, crime, and even insanity. What were the basic principles of public education? Pg. 413 By the 1850s most states had accepted three basic principles of public education: that schools should be free and supported by taxes, that teachers should be trained, and that children should be required to attend school.
- 25. QUESTIONS 15-18 What was unique about the subject matter that American artists and writers of the mid-1800s used? Pg. Earlier generations of American painters and writers lookes to Europe for their inspiration and models. Beginning in the 1820s American artists developed their own style and explored American themes. How did William Lloyd Garrison’s demands make him effective in the anti-slavery movement? Pg. 420 He called for imitated and complete emancipation. What was the purpose of the Underground Railroad? Pg. 422 African Americans on the Underground Railroad hoped to settle in a free state in the North or to move on to Canada. What role did Catherine Beecher play in education for women? Pg. 427 Early pioneers such as Catherine Beecher and Emma Hart Willard believed that women should be educated for their traditional roles in life.
- 26. QUESTION 19-20 What role did Dorothea Dix play regarding prison inmates and people with mental illness? Pg. 414 & 415 When schoolteacher Dorothea Dix began visiting prisons in 1841, she found the prisoners were often living in inhumane conditions—chained to the walls with little or no clothing, often in unheated cells. To her further horror, she learned that some of the inmates were guilty of no crime—they were mentally ill persons. Dix made it her life’s work to educate the public as to the poor conditions for both the mentally ill and for prisoners. What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention? Pg. 426 The Seneca Falls Convention led to the growth of the woman suffrage movement.
- 27. CHAPTER SUMMARY A movement grows to improve education, make school attendance Utopian communities compulsory, and help students with special needs. Groups start small voluntary communities to put their idealistic Abolition ideas into practice. Reformers work to help enslaved Religion people escape to freedom and to ban slavery. Great revival meetings, the building of new churches, and the founding of Women’s rights scores of colleges and universities mark the Second Great Awakening. Reformers call for equal rights, including the right to vote. Temperance The Arts Reformers work to control consumption of alcohol. Education •Writers and painters turn their attention to the American scene.
- 28. SENECA FALLS CONVENTION- WOMEN Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States. Maria Mitchell gained world renown when she discovered a comet in 1847. She became a professor of astronomy and the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Mary Ann Shadd Cary was the first African American woman in the nation to earn a law degree. Helen Keller overcame the challenges of an illness that left her deaf, blind, and mute to help others with similar disabilities. Susette La Flesche was a member of the Omaha tribe and campaigned for Native American rights. Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony were leaders in the effort to allow women a greater role in American society.