History of Computing - Newton to Now (sky)
- 1. HISTORY OF COMPUTING FROM NEWTON TO NOW
- 2. Classical Mechanics The science of how objects move and interact when forces act on them. Based on Newton’ s Laws of Motion. It’s a rulebook of motion for everything you can see with your eyes.
- 3. Problems solved by Classical Mechanics If you know an object’s position, speed and forces on it, you can predict exactly where it will be in future. It explains all planetary motions.
- 4. Canons and rockets Using Classical Mechanics , Galileo and later scientists explained how cannonballs , arrows and even Rockets move in their paths. This Knowledge is still used for launching satellites and missiles.
- 6. Discovery of Uranus Astronomer William Herschel discovered it in 1781. Orbit was calculated using Newton’s Laws of Motion. Over decades, astronomers noticed Uranus was not behaving as it should be.
- 7. Strange behavior of Uranus Uranus was not exactly where Newton’s Math said it should be. Sometimes it was ahead of its orbit, sometimes behind. Was Newton Wrong?
- 8. Bold Prediction Urbain Verrier and John Couch Adams believed in Newton’s Laws. Using Newton’s Equations, they calculated: Where this hidden planet must be. Its mass and its orbit.
- 9. Neptune Is Found (1846) Astronomers pointed their telescopes to the exact spot predicted by Newton’s laws. Neptune was discovered right there. Huge Victory for Classical Mechanics.
- 10. Closure Newton’s laws weren’t wrong. They were so powerful that they revealed the presence of a planet no one had ever seen. This shows that Classical Mechanics is nearly perfect for Large Scale bodies.
- 11. Questions How Gears and transistors and entangled atoms are related? How Mechanical Computers work? How Classical Computers work? How Quantum Computers work?
- 12. Mechanical Clock • ️ 🕰️This is a mechanical pendulum clock. • A heavy weight pulls the gears as it falls. • The pendulum swings to control the timing. • The escapement lets gears move tick by tick. • The gears turn the hands to show time. No battery — just gravity, gears, and motion! 🔁
- 14. Antikythera mechanism • It is a Greek hand powered Model for Solar System. • It is the Oldest know example of an analogue computer
- 15. Known Uses To predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance. The artifact was among wreckage retrieved from a shipwreck off the coast of the Greek island Antikythera in 1901.
- 17. X –ray tomography Using X-ray tomography, scientists discovered: ⚙️37 Bronze Gears Inside 📅 Calendars & Cycles 📝 Hidden Greek Inscriptions
- 18. Analog Computers Analog Computers solved problems using continuous physical quantities like fluid flow , rotation etc... In the 1940s, Analog computers were used for solving equations for aiming artillery during WWII.
- 20. Digital Computers • Digital Computers Use 0s and 1s to process data. Everything – text, music, or videos - is broken into these tiny Yes, or No signals. • Ex: calculators, modern PCs etc.
- 21. Analogy • Digital Computers are like light Switches – either on or off. • A painter who only has two colors (black and white) but mixes them to create stunning Images.
- 22. • Transistors are almost as small as atoms now. • Further shrinking causes unpredictable quantum behavior. • Moore’s Law is slowing down. • Machine learning & AI need more power than classical chips can offer • We need a new kind of computer — one that uses quantum rules, not fights them Transistors are Hitting The Wall!
- 24. Charles Babbage Math machine which can solve problems. If Clocks can tell time perfectly with gears , gears can also be used to calculate numbers the same way.
- 25. Gears in Mechanical Computers Gears are like Muscles of the Machines. Gear had 10 teeth. Turning a gear changes a number. Mill – this part did the Math (add, subtract, multiply)
- 26. Transistors in Classical Computers • Transistors are used to perform calculations. • They use electricity instead of mechanical motion. • A gear rotate and transistor changes current to perform computations.
- 27. Tension Vs Entanglement • Tension is a normal , physical force we can see and measure in everyday life. • Entanglement is a mysterious connection in quantum world that classical mechanics can’t explain.
- 28. Entangled Atoms in Quantum Computers. Two qubits can be linked , so changing one instantly affects the other. If you flip one coin in quantum world, the other coin changes at the same time in theory.
- 29. Computation and Problem Solving It has never been about how to calculate but how to solve Problem. Either Gears, transistors , or entangled atoms - all have been able to solve problems in their respective eras.
- 30. Problems in Ancient Times Gears used in Babbage Difference engine could solve Multiplication tables We needed Math for business transactions. They were like transporting Water by buckets.
- 31. Problems in Today’s Age • Gears couldn’t solve rocket’s trajectories and transactions of Online Payment. • Transistors have been able to solve our Problems of Today. • They are like Pumps for transporting Water.
- 32. Problems Of Future • Even with billions of transistors , some problems are too hard for classical Computers. • Simulating Protein Structures and molecules will be easy to do in Quantum Computing.
- 33. Conclusion From Mechanical Energy to electricity and then Quantum Energy From Gears to transistors and then to Atoms From buckets to pumps and then to finally teleporting Water!!!
- 34. THANK YOU PRESENTED BY Mohammed Azeem uddin Prem Kumar Singh