How to teach Grammar /Lesson plan
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The student teacher observed a 10th grade English lesson on "If Clause - Type 2" taught by her mentor teacher. The lesson began with a warm-up where students shared what they did over the weekend. The teacher then introduced the grammar point by presenting a dialogue between two characters, Elena and her mother, to establish the context. Students practiced identifying and constructing sentences using "If clause - Type 2" through fill-in-the-blank, multiple choice, and substitution exercises. They also engaged in a paired dialogue activity to demonstrate their understanding of forming and using the grammar structure to express hypothetical or unreal situations in the present.
How to teach Grammar /Lesson plan
- 1. Merve Özdemir 26426568436 Anadolu University Spring 2013-06-14 INÖ 216 Öğr. Yönt./Dilbilgisi Öğretimi Final Sınavı Student Teacher: Merve Özdemir Mentor Teacher: Mine Dikdere Grade/ Level: 10th / Intermediate Number of Students: Twenty (20) Textbook: Course book, ELS Subject/Description of Lesson: ‘’If Clause- Type 2’’ Date: 05.06.2013 Starting/Ending Time: 4 lesson hours in a week Materials: Some pictures about the context Learning outcomes : At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to Identify where and how the form of ‘’if clause type 2’’ is used. Construct meaningful utterances using ‘’if clause-type 2’’
- 2. BEGINNING THE LESSON Greeting the Students T: Good morning class! S: Good morning teacher. T: How are you today? S: Fine, thanks, and you? T: I’ m also fine, thank you. You can sit. Warm-up (Social Chat) T: It is such a beautiful sunny day, isn’t it? I am really happy about it . The weather was great on weekend and I really enjoyed at picnic with my friends. What did you do this weekend? S: I visited my grandmother. S: I did shopping with my mom. S: I went to a party with my best friend. T: Ohh, really good. You had a nice weekend, didn’t you? S: (All together) Yeeees! T: Hi Emre, how are you? You didn’t attend the last course. S: Yes teacher. I was ill. T: Are you ok now? S: Yes my teacher, thank you. T: I am glad to hear that.
- 3. Transition T:Ok, then let’s start the lesson! Today, we have a guest. Do you want to meet her? S: Yes , we want to meet the guest so much. PRESENTATION Creating the context (The teacher shows the first picture) T: This is Elena. She is a pretty girl , isn’t she? S: Yes. T: What is she doing? S: She is studying her lessons. T: Yes , my class. What do you think about her mood? S: She is bored.
- 4. S: She is thinking. T: Yes, she is thinking about anything else instead of her lessons. Because Elena wants to go outside with her friends. ( Teacher shows the second picture) And this is Mrs. White. She is the mother of Elena and she also wants her daughter to study her lessons. So, she doesn’t let her go outside. ( Clarifying the meaning) T: Now Elena think that she can do other things instead of studying now. She doesn’t want to study. Also, she doesn’t go outside. She wants it now , right? S: Yes , teacher. Elena wants to do something else now. But she is studying her lessons. T: So, we can say that she wants something that is unreal. She dreams a situation that has a possibility to happen right now. But it doesn’t happen. She wants to express her unreal demands.
- 5. (Checking Understanding) T: So, What is Elena doing right now? S: Elena is studying her lessons but she doesn’t want to study. T: What she wants to do in real? S: She wants to go outside but her mother doesn’t let her go. Elena has a demand. But it doesn’t happen right now. (Clarifying Meaning) T: Really good, thank you honey. We can say that in a different situation, her demand can be real. But now it can’t be real. Then think that you are Elena, how can you express your demand? S: I can say that I don’t want to study now. I will go outside instead of studying. (Clarifying the form) T: Ok , well done. But we have a grammatical form for expressing present unreal events. Do you have a guess about this form? S: …. T: Ok , let’s see how Elena express ideas right now. Elena thinks that ‘’ If I finished studying my lessons , my mother would let me go outside.’’
- 6. ‘’ If I were my mother , I would let me go outside. ‘’ ‘’ If I went outside , I wouldn’t be bored.’’ ‘’ If my mother didn’t force me to study, I would be outside now.’’ ’’ If I didn’t have to study my lessons, I could go outside with my friends. ‘’ T: Now , repeat after me please. T: If I finished studying my lessons S: If I finished studying my lessons T: My mother would let me go outside. S: My mother would let me go outside. T: If I were my mother T: If I were my mother T: I would let me go outside S: I would let me go outside T: If I went outside S: If I went outside T: I wouldn’t be bored S: I wouldn’t be bored. T: If my mother didn’t force me to study
- 7. S: If my mother didn’t force me to study T: I would be outside now S: I would be outside now T: If I didn’t have to study my lessons S: If I didn’t have to study my lessons T: I could go outside with my friends S: I could go outside with my friends T: Very well my class. (Teacher writes the sentences on the board, highlights the target grammar structure) (Teacher writes the name of the form – If Clause – Type 2-- on the board above the examples.) T: You can copy the sentences to your notebooks, I am giving three minutes for you. (Checking Understanding) T: So, how many clauses are needed to compose the unreal conditional? S: We need two clauses to form the present unreal conditional. T: Yes , How do we compose the first sentence? S: First , we start with ‘’if-clause’’ T: Ok , Which tense is used in ‘’if clause’’? S: Simple Past Tense T: Perfect. How do we compose the main clause? S: The main clause is made by ‘’would’’ , ‘’wouldn’t’’ T: Very well S: Something is wrong in the example teacher, you write ‘’I were my mother’’ It should be ‘’If I was my mother’’
- 8. T: You catch an important point Murat. Do you think that it is wrong? S: Yes teacher , we learned it in simple past tense. T: Good. There is one exception in this form. The verb ‘’be’’ takes ‘’were’’ for all persons.( Teacher repeats the sentence two times) T: Can you explain what I said Gizem? S: In if clause-type 2, we use ‘’were’’ for all persons. It is an exception. T: Thank you Gizem. (Teacher writes the rules of the grammar pattern briefly for making the form clear) Checking Understanding of Meaning and Form T: So, Do we use the present unreal conditional to express a present condition? S: Yes. T: Why do we call ‘’unreal’’ to this form? S: Because it tells us what would happen if the situation were different. T: Perfect, thank you. T: Can I use simple present tense in Elena’s examples? S: No , we should use simple past tense. T: Why? S: It is the rule. Because it in not unreal with simple present tense. T: It’s true. Well done. Do we have to use simple past tense in if clause? S: Yesss T: Do we use ‘’would’’ and ‘’wouldn’t ‘’ in main clause? S: Yesss. Transition T: Congratulations, you get the idea I think. Let’s work on the structure a little more.
- 9. PROCESSING ACTIVITIES Instruction: Yes, now. Here is an activity. Look at the sentences given and choose the correct answer. You have five minutes to complete. Processing Activity for Form 1) If I ___________ more time , I would finish my homework. a) have b) had c) am having d) have been 2) If they__________ the subject to their father , he would be very angry now. a) told b) are telling c) tell d) have told 3) If I____________ you , I wouldn’t send her an invitation. a) was b) were c) am d) are 4) If my brother had enough money , he ___________a sport car. a) buy
- 10. b) bought c) will buy d) would buy 5) If I went to cinema with you , I____________ better. a) feel b) felt c) would feel d) had felt Answer Key 1)b 2)a 3)b 4)d 5)c Checking the Answers T: Ok… You all finished? S: Yes. (Teacher chooses the person to answer the question very carefully and want them to answer one by one. With this way she can help students to better understand the form) T: Then let’s check the answers altogether. Ahmet, read the first one and tell us the correct one. S: If I had more time , I would finish my homework. ‘’b’’ is correct. T: Are you agree with your friend? S: Yessss.
- 11. Error Correction T: All right , well done, that’s true. Let’s do the second question. Ayça please read the second one and tell us the correct option. S: If they have told the subject to their father , he would be very angry now. ‘’d’’ is correct. T: If they told the subject to their father , he would be very angry now. Please repeat Ayça. S: If they told the subject to their father , he would be very angry now. T: Ok , well done. Is there anyone who choose different option? S: Nooo. Okay , let’s do the third question……… Processing Activity for Meaning Instruction: Here , I have handouts for you ( teacher shows the handouts and gives them to each student) Choose the best answer that makes the meaning clear. You have five minutes again. 1) If the weather were hot , we would walk on the beach. a) The weather isn’t hot now b) The weather is hot now 2) If Amy came home earlier , she would prepare the dinner. a) The dinner is prepared now b) The dinner isn’t prepared now 3) If we hurried , we would catch the bus.
- 12. a) They hurry now b) They don’t hurry now 4) If Daniel were my friend , I would invite him to my birthday party. a) Daniel isn’t her friend b) Daniel is her friend 5) If Susan studied harder , she would be better at school. a) Susan is studying harder now b) Susan isn’t studying harder now. Answer Key 1)a 2)b 3)b 4)a 5)b Checking the Answers T:The time is up. Let’s check the answers altogether. Selin read the first one, tell us the correct option. S: The answer is ‘’a’’. The weather isn’t hot. T: Do you agree with your friend? S: Yess. T: Why do you choose this option? S: Because it is unreal situation.
- 13. Error Correction T: That’s right, thank you. Let’s do the second question. Emre please read the second question and tell us the correct option. S: The dinner is prepared now. The correct answer is ‘’a’’. T: The dinner isn’t prepaired now. Because this form gives us the unreal meaning. Can you please repeat the correct answer ,Emre? S: The dinner isn’t prepaired now. The correct answer is ‘’b’’. Because the situation is unreal. T: Perfect , Emre thank you. Is there anyone who choose the other option? S: Nooo. T: Okay then let’s go on with next question……. PRACTICE Mechanical Activity ( Controlled Activity) Substution Drill / Single Substitution Instruction: Now listen carefully, I am going to say a sentence and a new verb after the sentence. Then , you will say the whole sentence with putting the verb in if clause sentence. T: If she smiled every day , she would be happy 1) ( study) If she _________ every day , she would be happy. 2) ( read) If she _________ every day , she would be happy. 3) ( walk) If she__________ every day , she would be happy.
- 14. 4) ( sleep) If she _________ every day , she would be happy. 5) ( paint) If she__________ every day , she would be happy. Answer Key 1) If she studied every day , she would be happy. 2) If she read every day , she would be happy. 3) If she walked every day , she would be happy. 4) If she slept every day , she would be happy. 5) If she painted every day , she would be happy. Checking The Answers (Teacher chooses the person to answer the question very carefully and want them to answer one by one) T: Melis listen carefully , I am saying the first sentence. You will go on with the new verb. ‘’ If she smiled every day , she would be happy’’ ‘’study’’ S: ( Melis goes on immediately) If she studied every day , she would be happy. Error Correction T: Very well Melis , Ali please go on. If she studied every day , she would be happy ‘’read’’ S: If she walk every day , she would be happy.
- 15. T: Repeat after me Ali. If she walked every day , she would be happy. S: If she walked every day , she would be happy. T: Very well Ali. Do we use simple past tense form of the verb in if clause – type 2? S: Yes my teacher. T: Why do we use simple past tense form of verb? S: Because the situation is unreal. We have to use simple past tense verb form. T: Perfect , thank you. Let’s do the next one……. Meaningful Activity ( Less-controlled Activity) 1) Dialogue Completion Activity Instruction: T: Now, There are two friends talking about their unreal demands . You will work in pairs and use the dialogue charts (below). Prepare a dialog with your friend according to these cards. Tell me what are we going to do , Şeyda? S: We are going to prepare a dialogue with our friend according to the cards. T: Yes. Let’s start now. You have five minutes to practice it then you will come to the board and act it out. You have 5 minutes.
- 16. Dialogue Chart (Two friends are talking) A: If had a fit body ,___________________ You? B: If I had a fit body , ___________________ A: Really , Why would you do that? B:Because,_____________________________ A: Ok then , If I were a dancer ,____________ ___________________ . B: Good. If I were a volleyball player , I ____________________ . A: Me too.
- 17. Possible Answers 1) If I had a fit body , I would wear whatever I want. 2) If I had a fit body , I would do some kind of sports. 3) Because , I am interested in sports. 4) Ok , then. If I were a dancer, I would be very active. 5) Good , If I were a volleyball player , I would be strong. Checking The Answers T: The time is up. Let’s start with the first pair. Ayla and Pelin. Come to the board and act out. (Students come to the board and start) A: If had a fit body , I would wear miniskirts. You? B: If I had a fit body , I would wear tights. A: Really , Why would you do that? B: Because , I like tights so much. A: Ok then , If I were a dancer , I would make tango. B: Good. If I were a volleyball player , I would do my best for my team. A: Me too. T: Very well, thank you. Did they use the form correctly? S: Yeees.
- 18. T: Ok , let’s go on with next pair. Burak and Tolga , please come to the board. ( Burak and Tolga starts acting) A: If I had a fit body , I would be a model. You? B: If I had a fit body , I would eat so much hamburger. A: Really , Why would you do that? B: Because I like hamburger so much. A: Ok then , If I were a dancer, I do salsa dance. B: Good. If I were a volleyball player, I would be the best. A: Me too. T: Okay. Burak please repeat after me. If I were a dancer , I would do salsa dance. S: If I were a dancer , I would do salsa dance. T: Good. Can we use verb 1 in this clause? S: No , teacher. T: We have to use would. Why? S: Because ‘’would’’ gives the meaning of unreal situation. T: Perfect Burak. Ali can you explain again , why do we use would? S: Because it gives the meaning of unreal. T: Good , thank you. Is there any volunteer pair for acting?.............
- 19. Meaningful Activity ( Less-controlled Activity) 2) Meaningful Activity with using visuals Instruction: Here are two pictures ( teacher shows them to the students). And there are some written aspects of these men’s below the pictures. Think about these clue sentences and make meaningful sentences in if clause- type 2. You will work individually and everybody will write three sentences. Then we will check them. T: I want to give you an example. ‘’If Hüseyin liked working , he would have a lot of money.’’ ( teacher writes the example on the board with highlights the form) Use your imagination according to the given clues. You have three minutes. T: İrem , Can you explain what I said in Turkish? S: Resimleri inceleyip , resimlerin altında yazan ipucu bilgileri kullanarak, öğretmenimizin örnek olarak verdiği gibi if clause- type 2 yapısına uygun 3 cümle yazacağız.Hayal gücümüzü kullanacağız. 5 dakikamız var ve bireysel çalışacağız. T: Thank you , let’s start. Hasan has a lot of money * Hüseyin has no money
- 20. Hasan is careful while spending his money * Hüseyin is careless while spending Hasan likes working Hasan wears new clothes his money * Hüseyin doesn’t like working. * Hüseyin wears old clothes. Checking the Answers T: The time is up. Let’s start. Kıvanç , Can you read your sentences? S: If Hüseyin had money , he would wear new clothes. S: If Hasan didn’t like working , he wouldn’t have a lot of money. S: If Hüseyin were careful while spending his money , he would have a lot of money. T: Perfect. Do you think that Kıvanç’s sentences are correct? S: Yesss. T: Ok , very well. Is there any volunteer who wants to read his/her sentences? T: Yes Selin, we are listening to you. S: If Hüseyin liked working , he would wear new clothes. S: If Hasan had no money , he would wear old clothes. S: If Hasan liked working, he would have no money. T: Ok , thank you. But we will make it clear that Hasan has already liked working, right? T: We say that ‘’if Hasan liked working’’ . Is it unreal? S: The meaning is unreal. But it should real according to the pictures.
- 21. T: Well, correct. Your examples are true except for the last sentence. Is there anyone who wants to read sentences?......... Communicative Activity (free-controlled) T: Yes class. Now , I want you all to think about ‘’What would you do now if school didn’t exist.’’ Think about a world without school. I want you to work in groups of five. Discuss the subject with group members in ten minutes. Then we will share our ideas all together. Who will explain the activity? Yes , Ali. S: We will discuss about ‘’what would we do if school didn’t exist’’ in ten minutes with our groups of five. T: True. Let’s start class. Possible Answers 1) If school didn’t exist , I would be a housewife. 2) If school didn’t exist , I would be a slave. 3) If school didn’t exist , I would be an uneducated person. 4) If school didn’t exist , I would be a poor person. Checking of the Answers T: Ok , time is up. You discussed with each other. What do you think Ayça? S: I would be an uneducated woman if the school didn’t exist. Because schools are the source of knowledge. School is everything for us. We are learning everything.
- 22. S: I agree with my friend. I would be a soldier if school didn’t exist. There would be wars. All people would be uneducated. We would do wrong things. T: Thank you. What about you Gizem? S: I think that I would be a woman if school didn’t exist. I would have children. But now I want to be a doctor. I can be a doctor with school….. ………… T: Thank you for your ideas my class. So, as a conclusion , we can say that if school didn’t exist , we would be in bad conditions of life. We would be uneducated and narrowminded. We wouldn’t know our abilities and what we are capable of. Schools are the basic foundations of our lives. T: It is time to finish the lesson. See you next lesson, take care of yourself