How to Use Percentage - Rate - Base (PRB) and Translation in Solving Math Problems
- 1. Kristine Tan for Pinoy Math Forum www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com
- 3. P Percentage (portion, part, or share), always without a percent sign R Rate or percent, usually with a percent sign, it is the Percentage IN RELATION to the Base B Base, the original amount, usually the whole Percentage-Rate-Base www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com
- 4. www.pinoymathforum.com www.yeinstein.com 1 20 is of 100. 5 Answers: Percentage: 20 Rate: 1/5 Base: 100 20 20 20 20 20 The sentence means that if you cut 100 into 5 equal parts, then each of the 5 parts, or 1/5, is equal to 20.
- 5. P R B 1 20 is of 100. 5 As seen from the previous slide, 1 shows how 20 is RELATED TO to 100. 5 We can say that, The rate R shows the relationship, either in fraction form or % form, of the percentage P to the base B. www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com
- 7. 1. Jessy ate 4 out of the 5 parts of her chocolate bar. This means she ate 80% of the chocolate bar. ANSWER Percentage Rate Base 4 80% 5 2. The interest rate for savings in a bank is 1% per year. When Anton deposited P1,000 in the bank, his money earned an interest of P10 in one year. ANSWER Percentage www.yeinstein.com Base P10 www.pinoymathforum.com Rate 1% P1,000
- 8. Given in the problem Percentage & Rate Base Percentage & Base Rate Rate & Base www.yeinstein.com You need to find Percentage www.pinoymathforum.com
- 9. • Identify which 2 of the 3 quantities are given. Base Percentage What is missing? The Rate. www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com
- 10. Rate P "over" B P B 6 30 1 5 Answer : 1 6 is of 30. 5 www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com
- 12. What are given in the problem? What do we need to find? What does Php 200.00 represent? Percentage. (Or part of the original price) What does 20% represent? The common misconception is that the given % quantity in the problem is the rate, but this is not always the case. The correct rate is (100% -20%) = 80%. Therefore, the given are: Percentage Php 200.00 Which means we have to FIND the Base. Rate = 80% www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com
- 13. Percentage Php 200.00 Rate = 80% Base P "over" R P R 200.00 80% 200.00 0.80 Answer: The original price is Php 250.00. www.yeinstein.com 0.80 200.00 250 80 20000 160 400 400 0 www.pinoymathforum.com
- 16. We will translate the sentence into a mathematical equation. N www.yeinstein.com 30 6 www.pinoymathforum.com
- 17. N 30 6 To answer N: What should N be, so that if you multiply it to 30, you get 6? Answer : 1 N must be . 5 www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com
- 18. Step 1: Find 20% of 25. “20% of 25” = 0.20 x 25 = 5 Step 2: Find the answer to “5 is what part of 160?”. In Step 2 now, we are looking for the rate R. www.yeinstein.com Percentage P R P B 5 160 Base B 1 32 www.pinoymathforum.com
- 19. • Identify: what do 40 and 0.25% represent? • Answer: 40 represents the Percentage P. • 0.25% is the Rate R, where, in this problem, the number 40 is worth 0.25% of some number. • The number we are looking for is the Base B. B P R 40 0.25% 40 0.0025 Warning: 0.25% is NOT the same as 0.25. Take note of the “%” symbol! www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com
- 20. 40 0.0025 is the same as: 0.0025 40 Move the decimal point 4 places to the right, in both divisor and dividend. (Because we need to make the divisor 0.0025 a whole number). Answer: 40 is 0.25% of 16000. www.yeinstein.com 16000 25 400000. -25 150 -150 0 www.pinoymathforum.com