HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the
main markup language for displaying web pages
and other information that can be displayed in a
web browser.
HTML is written in the form of HTML
elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle
brackets (like <html>), within the web page
content. HTML tags most commonly come in
pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags,
known as empty elements, are unpaired, for
example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start
tag, the second tag is the end tag(they are also
called opening tags and closing tags). In between
these tags web designers can add text, tags,
comments and other types of text-based content.

 In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, who was a contractor
at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system
for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In
1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based
hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML
and wrote the browser and server software in the last
part of 1990. In that year, Berners-Lee and CERN data
systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on a joint
request for funding, but the project was not formally
adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he
lists"some of the many areas in which hypertext is used"
and puts an encyclopedia first.

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags.
HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded
by angle brackets like <html>.
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and
</b>.
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag
is the end tag.
The end tag is written like the start tag, with
a forward slash before the tag name.
Start and end tags are also called opening
tags and closing tags.

HTML attributes are modifiers of HTML elements. They
generally appear as name-value pairs, separated by "=",
and are written within the start tag of an element, after the
element's name:
<tag attribute="value">(content to be modified by the
tag)</tag>Where tag names the HTML element, attribute is
the name of the attribute, set to the provided value.
 HTML elements can have attributes.
 Attributes provide additional information about an
element.
 Attributes are always specified in the start tag.
 Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value".

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.<h1>
defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the
least important heading.
Eg.---- <html>
<body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h3>This is heading 3 </h3>
<h4>This is heading 4 </h4>

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

• Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag. We can Use
the <br /> tag if we want a line break (a new line)
without starting a new paragraph. The <br /> element is
an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.
Eg.-<html>
<body>
<p>This is<br />a Para<br />graph with line breaks</p>
</body>
</html>
Tag Description
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br /> Inserts a single line
break

• HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting
output, like bold or italic text. These HTML tags are
called formatting tags.
Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<big> Defines big text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines italic text
<small> Defines small text
<strong> Defines strong text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text

Eg.-<html>
<body>
<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>
<p><strong>This text is strong</strong></p>
<p><big>This text is big</big></p>
<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>
<p><em>This text is emphasized</em></p>
<p><code>This is computer output</code></p>
<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>
</body>
</html>

HTML IMAGES
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains
attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, we need to use the “src”
attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src
attribute is the URL of the image we want to display.
We can set the height,width,alter,border etc. of an
image.

HTML IMAGE EXAMPLE
 <html>
 <body>
 <h2>Norwegian Mountain Trip</h2>
 <img border="0" src="/images/pulpit.jpg" alt="Pulpit rock"
width="304" height="228" />
 </body>
 </html>

 Tables are def ined wi th the <table> tag.
 A table is divided into rows (wi th the < t r>
tag) , and each row is divided into data
cel ls (wi th the <td> tag) . td stands for
" table data, " and holds the content of a
data cel l . A <td> tag can contain text ,
l inks, images, l ists, forms, other tables,
etc.

 If we do not specify a border attribute, the table will be
displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful,
but most of the time, we want the borders to show.
Tag Description
<table> Defines a table
<th> Defines a table header
<tr> Defines a table row
<td> Defines a table cell
<caption> Defines a table caption
<colgroup> Defines a group of columns in a
table, for formatting
<col /> Defines attribute values for one or
more columns in a table
<thead> Groups the header content in a
table
<tbody> Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table

 <table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>

 HTML Ordered Lists-
An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list
item starts with the <li> tag.The list items are marked
with numbers.
 HTML Unordered Lists-
An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list
item starts with the <li> tag.The list items are marked
with bullets (typically small black circles).
 HTML Definition Lists-
A definition list is a list of items, with a description of
each item.The <dl> tag defines a definition list.The
<dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the
item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the
list).

HTML TABLES
EXAMPLE-
 ORDERED LIST---- <ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
 UNORDERED LIST----- <ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
 DEFINITION LIST----- <dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>

HTML TABLE TAGS-Tag
Description
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<li> Defines a list item
<dl> Defines a definition list
<dt> Defines an item in a
definition list
<dd> Defines a description of an
item in a definition list

HTML COLORS-
Color Values
HTML colors are defined using a
hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the
combination of Red, Green, and Blue color
values (RGB).
The lowest value that can be given to one
of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The
highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF).
HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit
numbers, starting with a # sign.

000000 000033 000066 000099 0000CC 0000FF
003300 003333 003366 003399 0033CC 0033FF
006600 006633 006666 006699 0066CC 0066FF
009900 009933 009966 009999 0099CC 0099FF
00CC00 00CC33 00CC66 00CC99 00CCCC 00CCFF
00FF00 00FF33 00FF66 00FF99 00FFCC 00FFFF
330000 330033 330066 330099 3300CC 3300FF
333300 333333 333366 333399 3333CC 3333FF
336600 336633 336666 336699 3366CC 3366FF
339900 339933 339966 339999 3399CC 3399FF
HTML COLOR CODES

660000 660033 660066 660099 6600CC 6600FF
663300 663333 663366 663399 6633CC 6633FF
666600 666633 666666 666699 6666CC 6666FF
669900 669933 669966 669999 6699CC 6699FF
990000 990033 990066 990099 9900CC 9900FF
993300 993333 993366 993399 9933CC 9933FF
996600 996633 996666 996699 9966CC 9966FF
999900 999933 999966 999999 9999CC 9999FF
CC0000 CC0033 CC0066 CC0099 CC00CC CC00FF
HTML COLOR CODES

CCCC00 CCCC33 CCCC66 CCCC99 CCCCCC CCCCFF
CCFF00 CCFF33 CCFF66 CCFF99 CCFFCC CCFFFF
FF0000 FF0033 FF0066 FF0099 FF00CC FF00FF
FFCC00 FFCC33 FFCC66 FFCC99 FFCCCC FFCCFF
FFFF00 FFFF33 FFFF66 FFFF99 FFFFCC FFFFFF
HTML COLOR CODES

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

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