Human values unit 2 notes

Ms. SONAM KAPIL Asst. Professor MIT MEERUT UNIT 2 Page 1
UNIT 2 HARMONY IN SELF
Topic - Understanding the human being as the co-existence
of self and body
Understand human being
Human beings are complex creations of the elements of nature.
 Physically they are a composition of minerals and water.
 At the second level human beings are capable of movement and the ability to respond
to stimuli.
 At the third level human beings are thinking being who have intellect and emotions.
 At the highest level human beings have a spiritual aspect.
They aspire towards the transcendental (spiritual). Thus human being is co-existence of the body
and the self ‘jivan’.
Human being as a combination of the sentiment ‘I’ and material
body
Human beings are a complex combination of the sentiment ‘I’ which relates to all the
feelings and the material ‘body’ which refers to all the physical facilities available to them. Often
there is a clash between the needs of the body and the feelings. This may manifest itself in many
ways. Ex. The state of depression or sadness. In this state the body needs food and nourishment
but the feelings over-ride the situation. Both these aspects of feelings and body needs and
requirements form an essential part of ‘what we are’. This co-existence must be harmonious.
Human needs
According to the theory of “Hierarchy of needs” given by Abraham Meslow:
A. Physiological needs
For the most part, physiological needs are obvious– they are the literal requirement for
human survival. If these requirements are not met (with the expectation of clothing, and shelter)
the human body simply cannot continue to function. Physiological needs include:
 Breathing,
 Food,
 Clothing
 Mental satisfaction
 Water
 Shelter
 Sound sleep
Air, water and food are metabolic requirements for survival in all animals, including
humans. Clothing and shelter provide necessary protection from the elements.

B. Safety needs
With their physical needs relatively satisfied, the individual’s safety needs take
precedence and dominate behaviour. In the world of work, these safety needs manifest
themselves in such things as a preference for job security, grievance procedures for
protecting the individual from unilateral authority, saving accounts, insurance policies,
reasonable disability accommodations, and the like. Safety and security needs includes:
 Personal security
 Financial security
 Health and wellbeing
 Safety net against accidents/illness and their adverse impacts
C. Social needs
Humans need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance, whether it comes from a large
social group, such as clubs, office culture, religious groups, professional organizations, sports
teams, gangs or small social connections (family members, intimate partners, mentors, close
colleagues, confidants). They need to love and be loved (sexually and non-sexually) by others.
In the absence of these elements, many people become susceptible to loneliness, social
anxiety, and clinical depression.
D. Self esteem
All humans have a need to be respected and to have self esteem and self-respect. Also
known as the belonging need, esteem presents the normal human desire to be accepted and
valued by others.
Imbalance at this level can result in low self-esteem or an inferiority complex. People
with low self-esteem need respect from others.
E. Self actualization
This level of need pertains to what a person’s full potential is and realizing that
potential. In order to reach a clear understanding of this level of need one must first not only
achieve the previous needs, physiological, safety, love, and esteem, but master these needs.

Simple classification
Human being
Body Inner self (I)
Needs (I) suvidha Needs (II) sukh
Fig: Human needs
Suvidha :
It implies that it is looking for physical comforts and all the sources of attaining
such comforts. When our body gets used to a certain level of comfort then we will only feel
comfortable at that level. Ex. comfort in fan, cooler or air conditioner. Different people have a
different perception of suvidha and will seek a corresponding level of suvidha according to their
perceptions.
Sukh :
The beauty of sukh is that it is a holistic and all encompassing state of the mind that
creates inner harmony.
By nature man is fond off comfort and happiness so he goes on making desires and
ambitions one after the other to enjoy more in life. To lead a comfortable life he also
accumulates many facilities, so that his life may become full of comfort and happiness. Sukh
depends upon our thinking, so many times we are surrounded by materialistic possessions but we
feel unsatisfied. People think that their happiness depends upon suvidha (facilities) but is it not
so; happiness depends upon our thinking or our mental satisfaction.
Understanding myself as co-existence of self and body

A. Understanding needs of the self and needs of the body
In the process of identifying the distinct characteristics of the self and the body, we will
first focus towards their distinct needs:
1. Needs are ….
The needs of the body like food for nourishment clothes for protection, and instruments
to ensure right utilization can be categorized as being ‘physical’ in nature, or also called
‘physical facilities’ (suvidha) whereas the need of I is essentially to live in a state of continuous
happiness (sukh). The needs of the body are physical in nature, whereas the needs of the self
(‘I’) are not physical in nature - like trust, respect, happiness etc.
2. In time, needs are…
The needs of ‘I’ are continuous in time, unlike the need of the body, which is
temporary in time. We want happiness continuously. We also want the feeling of respect
continuously and so also acceptance in relationship. You do not want to be unhappy even for a
single moment, or lose the feeling of respect for yourself for a single moment.
If we talk about food, clothing, shelter, or instruments, these are needed only for some
amount of time, or we can say that the need for physical facilities of the body is temporary in
time- it is not continuous.
3. In quality, needs are…..
Physical facilities are needed for the body in a limited quantity. When we try and
exceed these limits, it becomes troublesome for us after some time. Let’s take the example of
eating. As far as, physical facilities (say rasgulla) go, they are necessary in the beginning, but if
we keep consuming, it becomes intolerable with the passage of time. This applies to every
physical facility. We can only think of having unlimited physical facilities, but if we try and
consume, or have too much of physical facilities, it only ends up becoming a problem for us.
When we try to perpetuate physical facilities, the following pattern results. With time it
successively changes from:
Necessary and tasteful
Unnecessary but tasty =>
Unnecessary and tasteless =>
Intolerable!
Whereas the needs of ‘I’ are qualitative (they are not quantifiable), but we also want
them continuously. Our feelings are qualitative. Either they are or they are not. Ex. Happiness is
qualitative. Either we are feeling happy or we are not. Also if a feeling is not naturally
acceptable; we do not want it even for a single moment. If acceptable, we want it continuously.
4. Needs are fulfilled by….
The need of the self (‘I’), for happiness (sukh) is ensured by right understanding and right
feelings, while the need of the body, for physical facilities (suvidha), is ensured by appropriate
physico-chemical things.

B. Understanding activities in the self and activities in the body
If we look at the variety of activities that we are engaged in commonly – we see that we
can put them in three categories:
1. Activities that are going on in the self
2. Activities that are going on in the body
3. Activities involving both the self and the body
1. Activities in the self
Activities in self are:
 Thinking
 Believing
 Speaking
 Feeling
 Understanding
 Desiring
 Dreaming
 Imagining
 Analyzing
These activities are going on in us all the time, and we are usually unaware of them. If we
start paying attention to them, we can become aware of them. We can also see that these
activities take place irrespective of the state of the body.
2. Activities involving both the self (I) and the body
There are some activities that we do, in which both ‘I’ and body are involved. The
decisions and choices are made in ‘I’, and these are carried out via the body. These activities are:
 Walking
 Eating
 Talking
 Seeing
 Listening
Take the example of eating. Here, I first decide which food to eat, then make the choice to
take the food inside the body, use my hands to carry the food to the mouth, use the mouth to
chew the food and them swallow it. Thus, eating is an activity which involves both the self (‘I’),
where the choice is been made, and the body, with which the activity is carried out.

3. Activities in the body – but only with the consent of ‘I’
The body is a set of ‘self-organized activities’ that are occurring with self (‘I’’s) consent
but without my (‘I’’s) active participation. These are functions like:
 Digesting
 Blood flow
 Heart beat
 Breathing
 Nourishment
Knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling in ‘I’ and recognizing and fulfilling in body
1. Activities of recognizing and fulfilling in the body
We saw that Breathing, Heartbeat, Digestion etc. were activities in the body. The
activities of the body can also be understood as recognition and fulfillment. In fact, the mutual
interaction between any two material entities can be understood as recognition and fulfillment of
their relationship. Any two material entities thus interact with each other in a definite way.
2. Activities of knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling in the self (‘I’)
When it comes to self (jivan or ‘I’), which is a sentient entity; a conscious entity; we will
see that in addition to ‘recognizing and fulfilling’, there is also the activity of assuming and that
of knowing. In fact, recognizing and fulfilling in case of human beings will depend upon
knowing and/or assuming. Let us write down about the activities in ‘I’:
a. We assume – We all make assumptions. We say “I assumed this was true, but I was
wrong”. Ex. If I see a snake and assumed it to be a rope, I shall respond differently to it
(recognition and fulfillment), than if I take it to be a snake itself. We call this activity
‘assuming or mannana’.
b. We recognize – We all recognize things today, we recognize a variety of things. Like, we
recognize water, our parents, friends, etc. We call this activity ‘recognizing or
pahachaanana’. The recognizing in ‘I’ depends on assuming.
c. We fulfill – Once we recognize water, we take it, when we recognize a friend, we greet
him/her, when we see a wounded dog, we try and help it. This response that follows
recognition is called the activity of ‘fulfilling or nirvaha karna’. The fulfillment depends
on the recognition.
Taken together we can write it as (in I) :
Assuming recognizing fulfilling
There is another activity that exists in us (in ‘I’) that we are largely unaware of or have
not explored properly. This activity is called ‘knowing’. Knowing means we have the right
understanding – the understanding of harmony at all levels of our living. When we have the right
understanding, when we have the knowledge of reality, it is definite, and then assuming becomes
according to the knowing, and hence recognizing and fulfilling becomes definite, or according to
knowing. Until then, it is subject to beliefs and assumptions, and this keeps changing.
When we list these down:
Knowing leads to
Assuming leads to
Recognizing leads to
Fulfilling

C. Understanding the self (‘I’) as the conscious entity, the body as
the material body
Any entity that has the capacity of knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling
can be called as conscious entity, or consciousness, or ‘I’ or jeevan. On the other hand, any
entity that does not have the activity of knowing and assuming is not a conscious entity.
Similarly any entity that has the activity of recognizing and fulfilling only can be called a
material body. According to the activities of self and body we can say that while the self (‘I’) is
the conscious entity, the body is a material entity or physico-chemical in nature. The conscious
entity (jivan) desires, thinks, selects, studies. Thus we can write:
Co-existence
Human Being = Self (‘I’) Body
information
The conscious entity The material entity that has
that desires, thinks, physic-chemical activities
imagines like heart-beats, digesting etc.
Knowing, assuming, Recognizing and fulfilling
recognizing and fulfilling

Topic: Harmony in Self – Understanding Myself
Human being is the co-existence of self and body. The body is the instrument of self and
self is the seer, doer and enjoyer. Self is continuously active to fulfill its need for happiness.
Why Should I Study Myself
Knowing ourselves better helps us in the following ways:
1. The self is the basis of everything we do. All the desires and expectations we have are all
there in self. For e.g. to be famous, to get good marks, get great job, having good
relationships in our family or wanting ‘rasgulla’. Hence, it becomes important to understand
these desires, thoughts, and activities in self, so that we know whether they are right.
2. To understand happiness better and the causes for unhappiness because happiness and
unhappiness are states in self.
3. It helps us have more clarity about how we are within. This helps us become self-
confident. It also helps in establishing proper synergy between the self and the body.
4. Study of self unable us to know our weaknesses and how to remove.
5. The more we understand ourselves, the more we understand other person as well and our
relationship with them.
6. It helps us to better understand our program, i.e. what is valuable to us, or what do we
ultimately want and how do we fulfill them.
Activities in Self
The self is conscious in nature while the body is physico-chemical in nature. The
interaction between the ‘I’ and the body is in the form of exchange of information. So the
focus of attention is on two categories of attributes of the self, namely, the powers of the self and
the corresponding activities as the manifest outcomes of these powers.
1. Power: This means the basic capacity in the self (‘I’). They are: desires, thoughts and
expectations.
2. Activities: The activities are: imaging, analyzing, and selecting/tasting. The activity of
analyzing means breaking down the image into various parts or to open it up.
Selecting/tasting is with the expectation of fulfilling our desires with the expectation of

happiness. The activity of selecting/tasting is the basic level via which the self interacts with
the body.
Activities in self are related
There are two possible flows of the activities and both keep taking place:
Form outside (the body) to inside (in ‘I’)
1. Self receives sensations from body tasted in ‘I’ e.g. our self see a car through the
information via ‘eyes’.
2. Based on taste, thought could be triggered e.g. we start thinking about the car.
3. Based on these thoughts, desires may be set e.g. when we starts thinking about the car it
forms an image that we are leading a good life by using a car and this way a good life by
having a car becomes a desire.
Selection leads to
Thoughts leads to
Desires
Form inside (in ‘I’) to outside (the body)
1. When desire is set we start forming thoughts about fulfilling this desire. E.g. with the desire
of a good life via the car, we start thinking about how to get the car, what is the cost of the
car, how can I have that car, etc.
2. Based on this we make selection to fulfill these thoughts e.g. we choose the car its shape
color etc and then end up buying it.
Desires leads to
Thoughts leads to
Selection
Together we call these activities as imagination. Activities in self are continuous.
Selection leads to
Thoughts leads to
Desires leads to
Thoughts leads to
Selection

We make choices with the external world based on our imagination today.
Imagination = Desires + Thoughts + Expectations
This activity of imagination in ‘I’ is continuous and not temporary. The power may
change but the activity is continuous. The object of the taste may change but the activity of
selecting/tasting is continuous. Also what we analyze may keep changing the activity of
analyzing is continuous. E.g. my object of taste may change from rasgulla, to engineering or nice
looking bike, etc. similarly I may analyze about my personal life at one moment and about my
surrounding at the next moment and may start thinking about my relationships.
These activities keep going on in us irrespective of whether we want them or not. This is
what happens when we say “I was going to the exam and that song kept repeating itself in me, it
was so distracting”.
What is the problem today?
Desires, thoughts and expectations are largely being set by pre-conditioning and
sensations
Preconditioning:
Preconditioning means we have assumed something about it on the basis of
prevailing notion about it. We have not verified the desires in our own right. As a result, we are
not clear about what we will get out of fulfillment of that desire. What is the issue with that?
Unless we verify our desires, we may not even know whether they are our! We may end up
spending an entire lifetime accumulating desires that are not our, and in running abut trying to
fulfill them!
Sensations:
A perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body
condition: the sensation of heat; a visual sensation. A term commonly used to refer to the

subjective experience resulting from stimulation of a sense organ, for instance, a sensation of
warm, sour, or green.
Suppose you had seen the bike and not associated it with ‘greatness’; rather you only
liked the way it ‘looked’ – then this is based on the sensation.
This is largely the case with us today: either we are operating on the basis of
preconditioned desires (set from outside) or on the basis of sensation (coming from the body).
Effects of the problem…
A. Conflicts and contradictions in ‘I’ as a result of pre-conditioned desire
We have not verified the desires, thoughts and expectations in us on the basis of our own
natural acceptance. As a result, these desires, thoughts and selections are in conflicts. Since the
desires are in conflict, the thoughts they give rise to, are also in conflict and in turn, the selection
from the thoughts are also in conflicts. This conflict affects us in different manners:
1. Wavering aspirations:
Our goals keep shifting as the inputs from the outside also keep changing. Our desires
thus keep shifting, because their source is outside and these preconditioned desires may come
from what we read, see, hear, from media, friends, society, etc. hence, we are always wavering in
what we want; we are not able to be certain about it.
2. Lack of confidence:
Since our desires are shaky, we are not sure about them. As a result, we lack self
confidence, in the true sense. Our confidence seems relative i.e. we keep comparing ourselves
with others in order to feel confident.
3. Unhappiness/conflicts:
Since our desires, thoughts and expectations are in conflict, it becomes the cause for our
unhappiness, leading to stress and tension. Such desires will also be in conflict with our natural
acceptance
4. Lack of qualitative improvement in us:
We focus largely on fulfilling the needs of the body. As a result, we live with a sense of
lack of fulfillment. We are doing many things, accumulating a lot, progressing on paper, but we
don’t feel that we have improved, that we have become better. It seems that only the things
around us are changing!

5. State of resignation:
Because we do not understand ourselves properly and have contradictions within, we
slowly start getting disillusioned (pleasant but mistaken beliefs). We feel that there are no
solutions to these issues, and end up in a state of resignation.
To sum up, if our desires, thoughts and expectations are based on pre-conditionings,
we are generally in a state of great confusion. This leads to confusion, unhappiness, conflict
and stress. We have lack of clarity about the self, relationships, society, nature and existence. We
have lack of confidence. We have a feeling of being unfulfilled, unsettled. We operate largely on
the basis of the environment, driven from the outside – either from sensations, or based on pre-
conditionings.
B. Short lived nature of pleasure from sensations:
The pleasure obtained from sensations is short-lived. We are driven by five sensations
(sound from the ears, touch from the skin, sight through eyes, taste from the mouth, and smell
from the nose) and most of the time we are busy trying to get pleasure from sensations, from the
senses. We have so much dependent on sensations that instead of giving us some sensory
pleasure, it becomes the source for our happiness. Then what is the issue with this is? This can be
understood as follows:
The external object is temporary in nature the contact of the external object with the body
is temporary in nature. The sensation from the body to ‘I’ is temporary. And at last the taste of
the sensation from the body in ‘I’ is also temporary.
The need of the ‘I’ is continuous, i.e. we want to have happiness, and its continuity.
Therefore, if the source for our happiness is temporary by definition, then our need for
continuous happiness will never be fulfilled. Hence, any sensation we have from the body
can’t be the source for our lasting happiness.
No matter how much you try to be become happy via the senses, or via bodily sensation,
it does not last. This does not mean that we stop these sensations from the body, or that we stop
tasting from the senses. It only means that we need to understand the limitations of happiness
or pleasure got from the sensations from the body and need to understand what is there use
or purpose. If we confuse this purpose with the happiness, we are in trouble, since something
that is temporary can’t be the source for our continuous happiness.
We can thus understand that living on the basis of preconditioning (“good life means
having a nice car”) or sensations (happiness out of taste from the body) means being in a state of
being decided by the others or outside, i.e. enslaved (partantrata). We are at the mercy of the
preconditioning and the sensation. Whereas, we want to be in the state of self-organization of
being decided by our own self, in our own right (svantrata).
What is the solution?

The solution is to start verifying our desires, thoughts and expectations on the basis
of our natural acceptance. So how does the accessing of natural acceptance resolve this
solution?
 It becomes possible for us to have the right understanding of the harmony at all levels of our
living.
 When we have the right understanding, we are able to see our “true nature”, and what we
truly want. Our desires thus start getting set on the basis of this right understanding – instead
of being driven by preconditioning/ sensations.
 This put us at ease (freedom from anxiety and pain, conflicts). We are no longer struggling
or are in conflict at the various levels of our living.
Operating on the basis of our ‘natural acceptance’ thus leads to operating on the basis of
our ‘realization’ and ‘understanding’.
Realization: Means to be able to see the reality as it is.
Understanding: Means to be able to understand the self organization in all entities of
nature/existence and their inter-connected organization “as it is”.
These are the two activities in the self (‘I’) (placed at point 1 and 2 in the figure)
When we have (1) realization then (2) understanding becomes according to the
realization. When this happens, then (3) imaging or desires get set according to this
understanding. Consequently, (4) analysis or thoughts become according to the imaging/desires
and hence, the (5) expectations or selection/taste are according to the thoughts/analysis. This is
called self- organization or svantrata. This leads to happiness and its continuity.
In realization and understanding, we get the answer to “what is the reality?” This, for
each one of us, translates into the answers to “what to do?” and “why to do?” Then what remains
to find out is “how to do?”, which comes from imagination (activities 3, 4, and 5). Is we see
today we are focusing on “how to do?”, without trying to first verify “what to do?” and “why to
do?”! It is just like traveling in a comfortable AC vehicle on a smooth road without knowing
where we have to go!
The problem today is that our activities of (1) realization and (2) understanding are
inactive, we are unaware of them. As a result, we are not able to operate on our own right and
keep operating on the basis of preconditioning and sensations i.e. we are operating only at the
levels of (3) desire, (4) thought and (5) expectations today. This is not sufficient for us as human
being. We thus need to operate at the levels (1) realization and (2) understanding as the basis on
which (3), (4) and (5) get definite.

Topic: Harmony of Self (I) with The Body – Sanyama And
Swasthya
Our Body – A Self Organized Unit
The human body is a self-organized and highly sophisticated mechanism. The body is
made up of several organs and glands and the different parts of the body keep working in a close
co-ordination. All the activities keep the body fit for the use of ‘I’ (self or jivana) so that ‘I’ and
the body may work in synergy as a human being. The silent aspects of this harmony b/w ‘I’ and
the body are:-
1. The body acts according to the needs of I.
2. There is harmony among the parts of the body.
3. What our body follow only by the permission of I.
4. There is a strong coupling b/w I and the body. If I am in disharmony e.g. in anger or stress
or despair. It immediately starts affecting the body adversely.
5. There are many diseases of the body that are caused or accentuated due to disharmony in I.
These are called psychosomatic diseases such as asthma, migraine, hyper-tension etc. On
the other hand, when there is a strong disturbance in the body manifesting in the form of
severe pain, it distracts I from its normal functions.
6. I have the feeling of sanyama for the body and the body has swasthya. Sanyama is basic to
swasthya.
Sanyama
Sanyama means the feeling of responsibility in the self (I) for nurturing, protection
and right utilization of the body.
Self-control or sanyama is the control of the mind and its desires, urges, emotions and
delusions. It is controlling the outgoing tendencies of the mind and the senses and bringing them
back to our self within. Self-control is the key to success in any field of life and it is an
indispensable necessity for self– realization, the goal of spiritual quest. Practice of self-control is
most purifying because self–control transform the quality of our mind.
Aspects of Sanyama
Self-control constitutes two main aspects of will power and self-discipline.
Self control
Will power self discipline
Achievement of goals and objectives
Fig: The components of self control
Will Power
Will power is an individuals’ activity to harness his or her energy. Energy may be:-
 Physical
 Mental
 Emotional
 Spiritual energy

In order to achieve the goals and objectives, one aspires for such energy is necessary. If
one’s energy is a little deficient, then the individual makes up with another, so strong is the will
to achieve the goal. E.g. a marathon athlete may be tired and thirsty and every body part may be
aching but his mental strength drives him to complete the marathon and achieve his goal.
Self Discipline
Self-discipline is the accompanying input that goes into self-control. Self-discipline
refers to the ability to train our body, mind, emotions and spirit to perform as per a
schedule or a routine.
Self-discipline makes a person strong enough to reject immediate gratification towards a
higher goal but it does require efforts and time to become self-disciplined. If a person has will
power and is disciplined, he/she gains control over his/her actions. Thus he/she can choose
his/her behaviour and reactions, instead of being ruled by them.
Advantages of Self Control
1. Keeps a check on wrong habits, addictions etc.
2. Gives us confidence and improves our self-esteem.
3. Keeps our emotions in control.
4. Creates peace of mind, balance and a sense of equanimity (equilibrium, calmness)
5. Helps us to take charge of our own life.
6. Makes us more responsible and efficient in achieving our goals.
Obstacles in the Path of Self Control
1. Inability to understand the true meaning of self-control.
2. Overwhelming emotional outbursts
3. Acting without thinking
4. Mo incentive (encouragement) to exercising self control
5. Lack of faith in one’s own abilities
6. Lack of confidence
7. Thinking that self-control is the opposite of fun.
8. Hedonistic life values - the attitude of ‘eat drink and be merry’ which may encourage
loosing control.
Our State Today
What is our state today? Today we are facing different problems and they are lack of
responsibility towards the body, tendency for medication to suppress the ailment, and polluted
air, water, food. Let’s take them in detail:
A. Lack of Responsibility Towards the Body
Our lifestyle has become very busy and unnatural. We usually do not give priority to take
proper care of the body. We have increasingly stated eating at odd hours, eating junk food, and
are largely ignorant about the state of our body. We tend to look with contempt (disrespectful) on
any kind of physical work or labour. E.g., in an attempt to keep enjoying tasty food, we ignore
the fact that we are eating for the nourishment of the body and not to perpetuate (continue,
maintain) the happiness of ‘I’.
B. Tendency for Medication to Suppress the Ailment

Whenever there is a pain in any part of the body, it is a signal of some disorder which
needs to be properly attended to. However, our common tendency has become to suppress this
pain by immediate medication and then forget about it. Our focus today seems to be more on
‘fighting germs in the body’ than on helping the body restore itself to its natural state of
harmony.
In fact, today we are focusing a lot more on what to do if we fall ill rather then learning to
live healthy. It thus becomes important for each one of us to become aware of our own body and
its needs and how common, simple medication can be used to facilitate the body to come back to
health in care of ailments (slight illness).
C. Polluted Air, Water, Food
We have polluted our environment today and it is directly or indirectly harming us. There
is contamination in the air, water, soil, plants and we are responsible for it. Our food has become
impure. Due to heavy use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and a lot of pollutions, our food has
all kinds of toxic contents in it. The air we breathe in, is polluted by various chemicals released
from industries and vehicles, while our water is also polluted due to industrial effluents (liquid
sewage), sewage etc. all this, surely, is not conductive to the health of people.
What is the Solution?
Our present lifestyle and conditionings are not very conductive to keep the body fit and
therefore it is important to understand sanyama and swasthya correctly and maintain proper
harmony with the body. As a proposal, we need to work for the following few things
1. To understand and live with sanyama.
2. To understand the self-organization of the body and ensure health of the body.
1. Understanding and Living with Sanyama
Sanyama implies that the self takes the responsibility for proper nurturing, and right
utilization of the body. For this it is essential to understand the functioning of the body
instrument. It is also essential to understand that this instrument has a limited life span and
undergoes a pattern of growth and decay. The interaction of the self with the body has to be in
consonance with the above objectives which are achieved through sanyama.
2. Nurturing of the Body:
Proper Food, Air, Water, Etc.
In the process of selecting food for the body, I need to make out the elements which make
a complete food so that it gives required nutrients and energy to the body.
On the basis of understanding of the harmony of the self with the body, it can ve said that
the food needs to be eaten only when we feel hungry. The choice of the food has to be such that
it is easily digestible and the food needs to be taken with proper posture of the body and in right
quantity.
Protection of the Body
The second issue is the protection of the body. The clothes we choose for protection need
to be such that they ensure proper interaction of the body with the environment. The right
amount of exposure of the body to the air, water, and sun is required to ensure its proper
functioning.

Developing Self Control
If we want to develop self-control we can fellow the steps given below:
Swasthya
Swasthya is the condition of the body where every part of the body is performing its
expected function. The word swasthya literally means being anchored to the self, being in
close harmony with the self.
In other words, swasthya, in Sanskrit means self– dependence (swa = your own). Also,
embedded in its meaning is health, sound state, comfort and satisfaction. In Hindi, the most
widely spoken language of India, it merely means health. In this case, using the Hindi accent, it
is pronounced “suasti”.
Health is the general condition of a person. It is also a level of functional and/or
metabolic efficiency of an organism, often implicitly human.
At the time of creation of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948, health was
defined as being ‘a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of diseases or infirmity’. In 1986, the WHO, in the Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion,
said that health is ‘a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive
concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities’.
The English word “health” comes from the old English word hale, meaning
“wholeness, a being whole, sound or well”. Hale comes from the Proto-Indo-European root
kailo, meaning “whole, uninjured, of good omen”.
Aspects of Swasthya
Health or swasthya is a holistic term which includes:
 Physical health
 Mental health

 Social health
Physical health
Healthy
Individual
Mental health Social health
Fig: The Inputs of Holistic Health
Physical Health
For humans, physical health means a good body health, which is healthy because of
regular physical activity (exercise), good nutrition, and adequate rest.
Physical health relates to anything concerning our bodies as physical entities. In other
terms, physical health is physical wellbeing. Physical wellbeing is defined as something a
person can achieve by developing all health– related components of his/her life style. Fitness
reflects a person’s cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength, flexibility and body
composition. Other contributors of physical wellbeing may include proper nutrition, body weight
management, abstaining from drug abuse, avoiding alcohol abuse, responsible sexual behaviour
(sexual health), hygiene and getting the right amount of sleep.
Building Physical Health
1. Eat a healthy, well balanced diet.
2. Take care of personal hygiene and cleanliness (brushes your teeth regularly, bath daily,
wear clean clothes etc.
3. Keep your surrounding clean
4. Drink clean and safe water
5. Breathe deeply. Take deep slow breaths. Your body needs the oxygen
6. Go for a walk regularly
7. Exercise daily, play a game, go to the gym, jog or walk briskly
8. Avoid fizzy drink, chips and junk food as far as possible
9. Eat in moderate quantity – less is better than excess. But make sure what you eat is
nutritious
10. Keep your nails clipped and clean
Mental Health
Mental health refers to people’s cognitive and emotional wellbeing. A person who
enjoys good mental health does not have a mental disorder. According to WHO, mental health is:

“A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his/her own abilities can cope
with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a
contribution to his/her community”.
In other words sound mental health is that state of the mind which can maintain a
calm positive poise, or regain it when unsettled for progressively longer durations or
quickly, in the midst of all the external vagaries of work life and social existence.
Most people agree that mental health includes the ability to enjoy life, the ability to
bounce back from adversity, the ability to achieve balance (moderation) the ability t be flexible
and adapt, the ability to feel safe and secure, and self-actualization (making the best of what you
have).
The Impediments to Sound Mental Health
Internal Causes
There are some major causes of impaired mental health. They are:
 Greed : for money, power, recognition, etc
 Jealousy : regarding one’s own information base, resources, etc.
 Envy : regarding someone else’s achievement, reward, talent, etc.
 Egoism/vanity : regarding one’s own accomplishment
 Impatience : arise or originates from greed, jealousy, envy and egoism
 Suspiciousness : arise or originates from greed, jealousy, envy and egoism
 Anger : arise or originates from greed, jealousy, envy, egoism,
impatience and suspiciousness
 Frustration : arise or originates from greed, jealousy, envy and egoism
and impatience
External Causes
These causes are often called ‘stressors’ and includes skill obsolescence, job change,
work-pressure, transfers, stock market crises, unemployment, weak empathy, student agitation,
problems with neighbors, militant unionism, and so on.
Restoring Mental Health
Here are a few vital guidelines whose practice could restore our personal command over
mental health:
1. Cultivate a sound philosophy of life, based on values.

2. Identify with an inner core of self-sufficiency through “simple living and high thinking”
3. Nourish a sense of equilibrium strive for excellence through ‘work is worship’ – take pride
in your work
4. Build a stable and exalted inner reference point for the integration of contrary impulses,
emotions, etc.
5. Cultivate the value of purity
6. Practice self-discipline through deep breathing
7. Develop the habit of radiating goodwill and harmony from the centre of one’s being- be
positive, to attract good things
Social Health
Social health refers to the ability of a person to fit in with the social setup and
maintain positive and harmonious inter-personal relations. Social health contributes towards
physical and mental health which is why it must be given due importance.
Enhance Social Health
To enhance social health, a human being must:
1. Learn to be tolerant
2. Learn to appreciate diversity and realize that people can be different from us and yet be very
capable in their own way
3. Practice good manners – always be polite and pleasant
4. Conduct one-self with grace and dignity
5. Be helpful, loyal and trustworthy. Develop the qualities of a good friend
6. Don’t be self-centered.
Determinants of health
The health of individual people and their communities are affected by a wide range of
contributing factors. People’s good or bad health is determined by their environment and
situation– what is happening and what has happened to them, say WHO. WHO says that the
following factors probably have a bigger impact on our health than access and use of health care
services.
 Where we live
 The state of our environment
 Genetics
 Our income
 Our educational level
 Our relationship with friends and family
WHO says the main determinants of health are:-
 Our economy and society (“The social and economical environment”)
 Where we live what is physically around us (“The physical environment”)
 What we are and what we do (“The person’s individual characteristics and behaviour”)
As our good health depends on the context of our lives, praising or criticizing people for
their good or bad health is wrong. Most of the factors that contribute towards our good or bad
health are out of our control.

Human values unit 2 notes

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Human values unit 2 notes