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HTML Forms
What are forms?
2
 <form> is just another kind of HTML tag
 HTML forms are used to create (rather primitive) GUIs on Web
pages
 Usually the purpose is to ask the user for information
 The information is then sent back to the server
 A form is an area that can contain form elements
 The syntax is: <form parameters> ...form elements... </form>
 Form elements include: buttons, checkboxes, text fields, radio
buttons, drop-down menus, etc

Other kinds of HTML tags can be mixed in with the form elements
 A form usually contains a Submit button to send the information in
he
form elements to the server
 The form’s parameters tell JavaScript how to send the information to
the server (there are two different ways it could be sent)
 Forms can be used for other things, such as a GUI for simple programs
Forms and JavaScript
3
 The JavaScript language can be used to make pages that
“do something”
 You can use JavaScript to write complete programs, but...
 Usually you just use snippets of JavaScript here and there throughout
your Web page
 JavaScript code snippets can be attached to various form elements

For example, you might want to check that a zipcode field contains a 5-
digit integer before you send that information to the server
 Microsoft sometimes calls JavaScript “active scripting”
 HTML forms can be used without JavaScript, and JavaScript
can be used without HTML forms, but they work well together
 JavaScript for HTML is covered in a separate lecture
The <form> tag
4
 The <form arguments> ... </form> tag encloses form
elements (and probably other HTML as well)
 The arguments to form tell what to do with the user
input
 action="url" (required)

Specifies where to send the data when the Submit button is
clicked
 method="get" (default)

Form data is sent as a URL with ?form_data info appended to
the end

Can be used only if data is all ASCII and not more than 100
characters
 method="post"

Form data is sent in the body of the URL request

Cannot be bookmarked by most browsers
 target="target"

Tells where to open the page sent as a result of the request
The <input> tag
5
 Most, but not all, form elements use the input tag, with
a
type="..." argument to tell which kind of element it is
 type can be text, checkbox, radio, password, hidden, submit, reset,
button, file, or image
 Other common input tag arguments include:
 name: the name of the element
 value: the “value” of the element; used in different ways for
different values of type
 readonly: the value cannot be changed
 disabled: the user can’t do anything with this element
 Other arguments are defined for the input tag but have meaning
only for
certain values of type
Text input
6
A text field:
<input type="text" name="textfield" value="with an initial
value">
A multi-line text field
<textarea name="textarea" cols="24" rows="2">Hello</textarea>
A password field:
<input type="password" name="textfield3" value="secret">
• Note that two of these use the input tag, but one uses
textarea
Password
7
Password fields are similar to the text fields, except the
content of the field are not visible on the screen. It displays
**** instead of the actual input.
<input type=“password” name=“password-id” value=“default-
text” size=“n” maxlength=“m” readonly>
Buttons
8
 A submit button:
<input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Submit">
 A reset button:
<input type="reset" name="Submit2" value="Reset">
 A plain button:
<input type="button" name="Submit3" value="Push Me">
 submit: send data
 reset: restore all form elements to
their initial state
 button: take some action as
specified by JavaScript
• Note that the type is input, not “button”
Checkboxes
9
 A checkbox:
<input type="checkbox" name="checkbox”
value="checkbox" checked>
 type: "checkbox"
 name: used to reference this form element from JavaScript
 value: value to be returned when element is checked
 Note that there is no text associated with the checkbox
— you have to supply text in the surrounding HTML
Radio buttons
10
Radio buttons:<br>
<input type="radio" name="radiobutton" value="myValue1">
male<br>
<input type="radio" name="radiobutton" value="myValue2" checked>
female
 If two or more radio buttons have the same name, the user
can only select one of them at a time
 This is how you make a radio button “group”
 If you ask for the value of that name, you will get the value
specified for the selected radio button
 As with checkboxes, radio buttons do not contain any text
Drop-down menu or list
11
 A menu or list:
<select name="select">
<option value="red">red</option>
<option value="green">green</option>
<option value="BLUE">blue</option>
</select>
 Additional arguments:
 size: the number of items visible in the list (default is "1")
 multiple: if set to "true", any number of items may be
selected (default is "false")
Hidden fields
12
 <input type="hidden" name="hiddenField" value="nyah">
&lt;-- right there, don't you see it?
 What good is this?
 All input fields are sent back to the server, including hidden fields
 This is a way to include information that the user doesn’t need to see
(or that you don’t want her to see)
 The value of a hidden field can be set programmatically (by
JavaScript) before the form is submitted
Fieldset and legend tags
 <fieldset> tag creates a box around a group of widgets and
<legend> tag provides a label to the field set.
 Both tags require closing tag.
<body>
<fieldset>
<legend><H2>DETAILS</H2></legend>
<form>
….
</form>
</fieldset>
</body>
NAVIGATING THOUGH A
FORM
◦ By default, we navigate through the form in order on which
elements appear in the form, using the tabindex attribute we can
change this default order.
◦ Access keys: provide keyboard access to the form using
accesskey attribute
A complete example
◦<html>
◦<head>
◦<title>Get Identity</title>
◦ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
◦</head>
◦<body>
◦<p><b>Who are you?</b></p>
◦<form method="post" action="">
◦ <p>Name:
◦ <input type="text" name="textfield">
◦ </p>
◦ <p>Gender:
◦ <input type="radio" name="gender" value="m">Male
◦ <input type="radio" name="gender" value="f">Female</p>
◦ </form>
◦</body>
◦</html>
15

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HYPERTEXT MARK UP LANGUAGES (HTML) FORMS

  • 2. What are forms? 2  <form> is just another kind of HTML tag  HTML forms are used to create (rather primitive) GUIs on Web pages  Usually the purpose is to ask the user for information  The information is then sent back to the server  A form is an area that can contain form elements  The syntax is: <form parameters> ...form elements... </form>  Form elements include: buttons, checkboxes, text fields, radio buttons, drop-down menus, etc  Other kinds of HTML tags can be mixed in with the form elements  A form usually contains a Submit button to send the information in he form elements to the server  The form’s parameters tell JavaScript how to send the information to the server (there are two different ways it could be sent)  Forms can be used for other things, such as a GUI for simple programs
  • 3. Forms and JavaScript 3  The JavaScript language can be used to make pages that “do something”  You can use JavaScript to write complete programs, but...  Usually you just use snippets of JavaScript here and there throughout your Web page  JavaScript code snippets can be attached to various form elements  For example, you might want to check that a zipcode field contains a 5- digit integer before you send that information to the server  Microsoft sometimes calls JavaScript “active scripting”  HTML forms can be used without JavaScript, and JavaScript can be used without HTML forms, but they work well together  JavaScript for HTML is covered in a separate lecture
  • 4. The <form> tag 4  The <form arguments> ... </form> tag encloses form elements (and probably other HTML as well)  The arguments to form tell what to do with the user input  action="url" (required)  Specifies where to send the data when the Submit button is clicked  method="get" (default)  Form data is sent as a URL with ?form_data info appended to the end  Can be used only if data is all ASCII and not more than 100 characters  method="post"  Form data is sent in the body of the URL request  Cannot be bookmarked by most browsers  target="target"  Tells where to open the page sent as a result of the request
  • 5. The <input> tag 5  Most, but not all, form elements use the input tag, with a type="..." argument to tell which kind of element it is  type can be text, checkbox, radio, password, hidden, submit, reset, button, file, or image  Other common input tag arguments include:  name: the name of the element  value: the “value” of the element; used in different ways for different values of type  readonly: the value cannot be changed  disabled: the user can’t do anything with this element  Other arguments are defined for the input tag but have meaning only for certain values of type
  • 6. Text input 6 A text field: <input type="text" name="textfield" value="with an initial value"> A multi-line text field <textarea name="textarea" cols="24" rows="2">Hello</textarea> A password field: <input type="password" name="textfield3" value="secret"> • Note that two of these use the input tag, but one uses textarea
  • 7. Password 7 Password fields are similar to the text fields, except the content of the field are not visible on the screen. It displays **** instead of the actual input. <input type=“password” name=“password-id” value=“default- text” size=“n” maxlength=“m” readonly>
  • 8. Buttons 8  A submit button: <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Submit">  A reset button: <input type="reset" name="Submit2" value="Reset">  A plain button: <input type="button" name="Submit3" value="Push Me">  submit: send data  reset: restore all form elements to their initial state  button: take some action as specified by JavaScript • Note that the type is input, not “button”
  • 9. Checkboxes 9  A checkbox: <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox” value="checkbox" checked>  type: "checkbox"  name: used to reference this form element from JavaScript  value: value to be returned when element is checked  Note that there is no text associated with the checkbox — you have to supply text in the surrounding HTML
  • 10. Radio buttons 10 Radio buttons:<br> <input type="radio" name="radiobutton" value="myValue1"> male<br> <input type="radio" name="radiobutton" value="myValue2" checked> female  If two or more radio buttons have the same name, the user can only select one of them at a time  This is how you make a radio button “group”  If you ask for the value of that name, you will get the value specified for the selected radio button  As with checkboxes, radio buttons do not contain any text
  • 11. Drop-down menu or list 11  A menu or list: <select name="select"> <option value="red">red</option> <option value="green">green</option> <option value="BLUE">blue</option> </select>  Additional arguments:  size: the number of items visible in the list (default is "1")  multiple: if set to "true", any number of items may be selected (default is "false")
  • 12. Hidden fields 12  <input type="hidden" name="hiddenField" value="nyah"> &lt;-- right there, don't you see it?  What good is this?  All input fields are sent back to the server, including hidden fields  This is a way to include information that the user doesn’t need to see (or that you don’t want her to see)  The value of a hidden field can be set programmatically (by JavaScript) before the form is submitted
  • 13. Fieldset and legend tags  <fieldset> tag creates a box around a group of widgets and <legend> tag provides a label to the field set.  Both tags require closing tag. <body> <fieldset> <legend><H2>DETAILS</H2></legend> <form> …. </form> </fieldset> </body>
  • 14. NAVIGATING THOUGH A FORM ◦ By default, we navigate through the form in order on which elements appear in the form, using the tabindex attribute we can change this default order. ◦ Access keys: provide keyboard access to the form using accesskey attribute
  • 15. A complete example ◦<html> ◦<head> ◦<title>Get Identity</title> ◦ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> ◦</head> ◦<body> ◦<p><b>Who are you?</b></p> ◦<form method="post" action=""> ◦ <p>Name: ◦ <input type="text" name="textfield"> ◦ </p> ◦ <p>Gender: ◦ <input type="radio" name="gender" value="m">Male ◦ <input type="radio" name="gender" value="f">Female</p> ◦ </form> ◦</body> ◦</html> 15