i201510201.ppt
- 1. India's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions – Towards Climate Justice 1 Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
- 2. Background 1997 Kyoto Protocol- Annex I Parties commit to take binding reduction targets 2007 Bali COP: Introduction of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA), to engage developing countries in voluntary mitigation effort 2009- 2010 (Copenhagen & Cancun COP): comprehensive international system for collective action and major developing countries (including India) announced voluntary mitigation pledges 2011 Durban COP: ADP launched for evolving a new agreement for post-2020 period Warsaw & Lima COP : INDC concept for all countries Gradually Developing countries have assumed greater responsibilities 2
- 3. INDC Mandate 19th COP in Warsaw (2013) All countries required to prepare INDCs and present them before COP 21 in Paris 20th COP in Lima (2014) Further clarity on form of INDC: not mitigation centric and can include other components as per country priorities 3
- 4. Climate Change History Historical Emissions since 1880 has resulted in rise in global temperature by 0.85° Celsius Historical carbon space occupied by various countries in 2009 (1850 as base year): ◦ USA: 29% ◦ Other Developed countries: 45% ◦ China: 10% ◦ Other Emerging Economies: 9% ◦ India: 3% India, even though not part of problem, wants to be part of solution. 4
- 5. Emissions by Countries (2012) 5 Country CO2 Emissions per year (billion tons) %age Share in Global Annual Emissions CO2 Emissions per capita (tons/person) World 34.5 100% 4.9 China 9.86 28.6% 7.1 United States 5.19 15.1% 16.4 European Union 3.74 10.9% 7.4 India 1.97 5.7% 1.6 Russia 1.77 5.1% 12.4 Japan 1.32 3.8% 10.4
- 6. National Circumstances & Challenges India: 2.4% of world surface area 17.5% of world’s human population 17.5% of world’s cattle population Poverty: 30% of the population lives in poverty Housing : 20% of population without proper housing Electricity: 25% without electricity Per capita consumption 1/10th of developed world Drinking Water: 92 million without safe drinking water Human Development Index: 0.586 Global rank of 135 India’s priority: Poverty eradication Sustainable growth 6
- 7. Process for Developing INDC Multiple consultations with Ministries, Niti Aayog, State governments, Industry Associations, Civil Society Groups, Academic Institutions and Think tanks Consultations with members of PM Council on Climate Change Prime Minister level consultation with Ministers o Based on existing & contemplated plans, policies & programs o National & State Action Plans for Climate Change lay the foundation o Planning ahead over a 15year frame– instead of 5 year 7
- 8. Leadership of Hon’ble Prime Minister of India Guided the process of formulating India’s INDC Ambitious target for renewable & electricity to all: ◦ 175 GW Renewable energy target by 2022 ◦ 100 GW of Solar, 60 GW of Wind, 10 GW of biomass and 5 GW of small hydel Swachh Bharat Mission, Cleaning of rivers, Zero Defect, Zero Effect, Make in India, Smart Cities Mission, Housing for all Laid emphasis on: Sustainable Development Climate Justice Lifestyles 8
- 9. Current Climate Change Pledge • Current voluntary pledge by India: 20-25% reduction in Emission intensity of GDP by 2020 compared to 2005 levels Achievement : 12% reduction between 2005 and 2010 ( estimate) India is confident of achieving this pledge • UNEP Emission Gap Report 2014 recognized India as achiever of voluntary goal 9
- 10. India’s INDCs Comprehensive and balanced: includes Adaptation, Mitigation, requirement for Finance, Technology transfer, Capacity Building Considers rapid growth till 2030 For a population of about 1.5 billion, with 40% living in urban areas Incorporates development priorities such as: o Electricity for all o Housing for all o Poverty eradication o Infrastructure for Education & Health for all o Make in India 10
- 11. Reduce Emission Intensity of GDP Goal: To Reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP By 33 - 35% by 2030 from 2005 level. 75% jump in ambition over 2020 Avoided emissions: 3.59 billion tonne of CO2 equivalent over BAU Our national plans ambitious and purposeful: o Thrust on Renewable Energy and Promotion of Clean Energy; Enhancing Energy Efficiency o Climate Resilient Urban Centres and Sustainable Green transportation Network o Swachh Bharat Mission, Cleaning of rivers, Zero Defect Zero Effect, Make in India 11
- 12. High Economic growth possible with low per capita emissions India’s Per capita emissions in 2030: remain lower than the current global average of Developed Nations - 8.98 metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent 12
- 13. Increase the Share of Non Fossil Fuel Based Electricity Goal: To achieve 40% of electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel by 2030 A jump of 33% over non-fossil fuel capacity of 2015 India running one of the largest renewable capacity expansion programs in world The 175 GW target by 2022 will result in abatement of 326 million tons of CO2 equivalent/year. More progress after 2022. To include wind power, solar, hydropower, biomass, waste to energy and nuclear power. 13
- 14. Increase the Share of Non Fossil Fuel Based Electricity Solarization of all petrol pumps, toll plazas across country Ongoing scheme for development of o 25 Solar Parks o Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects o Canal top solar projects o One hundred thousand solar pumps for farmers India to anchor a global solar alliance New missions on wind energy and waste to energy Green Energy Corridor projects being rolled out to ensure evacuation from renewable energy plants 14
- 15. Enhancing Forests Carbon Sink Goal: To Create additional carbon sink of 2.5 -3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover (increase of about 680 - 817 million tonne of carbon stock) Emphasis on India’s Plans to enhance its carbon sink: o Full implementation of Green India Mission o Launched Green Highways Policy: 140,000 km long “ tree-line ” along both sides of national highways. 1% of project cost to be earmarked for plantation o Plantation along Rivers: part of the Namami Gange Mission 15
- 16. Enhancing Forests Carbon Sink Finance Commission (FC) Incentive for creation of carbon sink: devolution of funds to states from federal pool (attaches 7.5 % weight to area under forest). Reduction in consumption of wood/ biomass as fuel Funds from Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA): USD 6 billion proposed to be given to States Other Policies including: o REDD-plus o National Agro-forestry Policy (NAP) o Joint Forest Management o National Afforestation Programme 16
- 17. Adaptation Component Goal: To better adapt to climate change by enhancing investments in development programmes in sectors vulnerable to climate change, particularly agriculture, water resources, Himalayan region, coastal regions, health and disaster management • High vulnerability of India to climate change impacts due to poverty & dependence of a large population on climate sensitive sectors for livelihood. Cont… 17
- 18. Adaptation Component Strategies and initiatives include actions in agriculture, water, health, coastal region & islands, disaster management, protecting biodiversity and Himalayan ecosystem and securing rural livelihood. New missions on Health and Coastal Areas. redesigning National Water Mission & National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture India has set up a INR 350 Crores (USD 55.6 million) National Adaptation Fund 18
- 19. Mobilizing Finance Goal: To Mobilize Domestic and New & additional funds from developed countries to implement the above mitigation and adaptation actions in view of the resource required and the resource gap. USD 2.5 trillion (at 2014-15 prices) required for meeting India's climate change actions between now and 2030 as per preliminary estimates Ratio of emission avoided per dollar invested & economic growth attained would be relatively more favourable in case of investments made in India 19
- 20. Technology Development &Transfer Goal: To build capacities, create domestic framework and international architecture for quick diffusion of cutting edge climate technology in India and for joint collaborative R&D for such future technologies. Critical technologies need to be facilitated via GCF Global collaboration in R&D Preliminary and illustrative list of select technologies given in India’s INDC 20
- 21. Sustainable Lifestyle Goal: To put forward and further propagate a healthy and sustainable way of living based on traditions and values of conservation and moderation Extravagant lifestyles will require 5 planets Sustainable lifestyle will require 1 planet Promote “Sustainable Lifestyles” based on needs based consumption. 21
- 22. Cleaner Economic Development Goal: To adopt a climate friendly and a cleaner path than the one followed hitherto by others at corresponding level of economic development At comparable levels of income, India’s Growth Path much more cleaner and greener & will continue to be so India ’ s current per capita GDP in PPP terms (Purchasing Power Parity) achieved at a substantially lower level of emissions compared to developed countries Emission Intensity of Developed countries at similar economic level as India’s today was approx. 0.9 kgCO2/$ 22
- 23. India’s contributions represent the utmost ambitious action in the current state of development It incorporates our developmental challenges and priorities Recent decisions of the Government represent a quantum jump in our aspirations & demonstrate unparalleled vision India’s development plans will continue to lay a balanced emphasis on economic development and environment India expects an ambitious, equitable and effective 23 Conclusion
- 24. 24 Recent Initiatives of the Government • Revisiting national missions, creation of new missions and enhancing of targets etc. Mitigation Initiatives • Renewable Energy target 175 GW & National Solar Mission from 20 to 100 GW • Kochi Airport worlds’ first airport powered by solar energy • Solar powered toll plazas • Delhi Metro & other MRTS • National Smart Grid Mission & Green Energy Corridor for efficient transmission & distribution network
- 25. 25 • Swachh Bharat Mission • 100 smart cities • Atal Mission for Rejuvenation &Urban Transformation, urban renewal of 500 cities • Zero Defect Zero Effect, to enhance energy & resource efficiency • Launched Green Highways Policy- develop 140,000 km long tree-line along highways • FAME India (faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid electric vehicles) • Country's first passenger vehicle fuel-efficiency standards finalized • National Air Quality Index launched. Initiatives of the Government (contd.)
- 26. 26 Adaptation Strategies • Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana - organic farming • Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana - efficient irrigation. • Neeranchal - watershed development. • Namami Gange • National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) • Bureau for Water Use Efficiency Initiatives of the Government (contd.)
- 27. 27 Climate Finance Policies • National Adaptation Fund • Reduction in fossil fuel subsidies. • Coal Cess increased from INR 50 to INR 200 per ton. • Tax free infrastructure bonds introduced for renewable energy. Initiatives of the Government (contd.)
Editor's Notes
- #14: Fossil fuel- coal and gas Non fossil-hydro, renewable 75 % inc; 50% inc