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- 1. I .A . DEFINATION – Automation refers to a technology which based on the usage of mechanical, electronic and computer system in handling process and manufacturing process control. The usage of automation technology started when work done by labor / worker was started replace by machine. Technology development process continuous improve until human started introduce the usage of robotic, CAD/CAM, Flexible manufacturing system and others technology to increase human quality of life and increase productivity in the industrial.
- 2. Automated manufacturing systems can be classified into three basic types: i. Fixed automation. ii. Programmable automation, and iii. Flexible automation. TYPES OF AUTOMATION SYSYTEM
- 3. Advantages for Automation 1. To increase labor productivity 2.To reduce labour cost 3. To migrate the effects of labor shortages 4. To reduce or eliminate routine manual and clerical tasks 5. To improve worker safety. 6. To improve product quality. 7. To reduce manufacturing lead lime 8. To accomplish processes that cannot be done manually. 9. To avoid the high cost of not automating
- 4. Increase Quality and Flexibility in Your Manufacturing Process Earlier the purpose of automation was to increase productivity (since automated systems can work 24 hours a day) and to reduce the cost associated with human operators (i.e. wages & benefits). However, today, the focus of automation has shifted to increasing quality and flexibility in the manufacturing process. In the automobile industry, the installation of pistons into the engine used to be performed manually with an error rate of 1-1.5%. Presently, this task is performed using automated machinery with an error rate of 0.00001%.
- 5. Higher Start-up cost and the cost of operation DISADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATION Higher Cost of Maintenance 2 .Obsolescence/Depreciation Cost.
- 6. Advantages of Industrial Automation Lower operating cost High Productivity High Quality High Flexibility High Information Accuracy High Safety
- 7. Process is performed by machine without the direct participation of a human worker. Automation uses a programmed of instructions and a control system for implementation; there are two sub- categories: semi-automated, and fully automated. Semi-automation implies only part of the work cycle is completely automated, with other work done by a human worker. A fully automated machine, on the other hand, has the capacity to operate for extended periods of time (longer than one work cycle) with no human interaction. However, although fully automated, human monitoring may still be used. Examples include: injection molding machines; and automated processes in oil refineries and nuclear power plants. AUTOMATION