ICT cent RDP.pptx
- 2. Genesis of ICT • The concept of digital programmable ‘computer’ originated by- Charles Babbage • The first electronic digital computer invented by- John Vincent Atanasoff • The first programmable, electronic, general purpose, digital computer is- ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) Note: ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of University of Pensylvania. • The first fully functional (programmable and automatic) digital computer developed by- Konrad Zuse (1941) • The ‘Packet switching’ concept was first invented by- Paul Baran in the early 1960‘ • Father of the computer- Charles Babbage • The term Information Technology (IT) was coined by- Jim Domsic on November 1981 5/23/2023 2 ICT
- 3. • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) first proposed by- Robert E. Kahn and Vincent Cerf • Father of Internet- Vincent Cerf (ARS 2015, NET 2016) • Birth date of Internet- 1 January, 1983 • *World Wide Web (WWW) invented by- Tim berner lee in 1989 (SRF 2015, NET 2016) • Sir Tim berner lee invented WWW while working at- CERN Company, Switzerland. (SRF 2015) • World’s first scientific and educational computing society-Association for Computing Machinery (ACM),1957 • The term “weblog” was coined by - Jorn barger in (1997) • The term “blog”, was coined by- Peter Merholz in 1999 • The word ICT was first used/ coined/verbalized by- Dennis Stevenson (NET 2016) • Stevenson used the term ICT in his report entitled ‘Information and Communication Technology in UK schools: An Independent enquiry’ • Video conferencing service initiated by- Ericsson company in 1990 5/23/2023 ICT 3
- 4. • Computer networking started in the year- 1969 • Internet was started in- 1960’s (1969) • Computer networking started in- ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) (NET 2013) • ARPANET or Advanced Research Projects Agency was used to send the First email- which later led to the development of Internet. • The first mail sent by Ray Tamlinson in 1969 over ARPANET was ‘LO’ • The term internet coined by- ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) • Wide Area Network (WAN) developed by- ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) • Early packet switching network and the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP- ARPANET • Technical foundation/origin of the Internet- ARPANET • The term Internet is formally defined in-1995 • ICT programme came into existence in India is- 1984 • First ICT programme in India is- Computer Literacy and Studies in Schools (CLASS) came into existence with the use of BBC micros in 1984-85. 5/23/2023 ICT 4
- 5. • The term “Internet of things” (IoT) was coined by- Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble and MIT’s Auto-ID Center in 1999. • Father of Internet of Things (IoT) is- Kevin Ashton • The term ‘artificial intelligence’ coined by- McCarthy in 1955 • The partnership on Measuring ICT for development was launched on- Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2004 • *National knowledge Network was launched on- 9th April, 2009 • National Knowledge Network (NKN) initiative provides multi-gigabit connectivity to all knowledge institutions in the country is also being implemented by NIC. • National Knowledge Commission started in- 13th June, 2005. Note: National knowledge commission submitted its report on- 2008. • Father of supercomputer is- Seymour Cray • The first self service, interactive kiosk was developed in- 1977 • The first interactive kiosk was developed by- Murray Lappe in 1977 5/23/2023 ICT 5
- 6. Important Concepts and Definitions • ICT are those technologies that can be used to interlink information technology devices (Personal Computers (PCs) with communication technologies (Telephone, e-mail and Internet) and their telecommunication networks. • E.g. PC and Lap tap with e-mail and Internet • ICT = Information Technology + Communication technology • Information Communication Technology Includes: Information and communication technologies- Internet or World Wide Web, Radio, Cable and wireless Television, cellular phone and print media; as well as the services and applications such as Video-conferencing and distance learning. • Extension over cyber space/Extension over virtual space/Extension through computers is- Cyber extension or e-extension • The imaginary space created by the interconnected telecommunication and computer networks- Cyber space • Autonomous telecom Research and Development organization and Telecommunications technology development centre is- Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT). 5/23/2023 ICT 6
- 7. • C-DOT started by- Sam Pitroda (SRF 2016) (Sam Pitroda- Father of Telecommunication systems in India). Types of NETWORK • Network system in India is called- NICNET, 1976 (National Informatics Centre Network) • The first to introduce a network system (NICNET) in India is- N Shesagiri (1976) • A Computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed- Local Area Network (LAN) • Small networks of computers which span in small geographical area, generally within 1-5 km of range is- Local Area Network (LAN) • Radius of LAN is- 10m to1km • When computer is working on LAN it is called- Intranet • When computer is working on WAN it is called- Internet • First LAN established in India in- Ahmednagar, Maharashtra (ARS NET-2015, SRF-2016) • Internet is under control/governance of - Government (ARS NET 2017) 5/23/2023 ICT 7
- 8. • Larger version of a LAN and is used to connect two or more LANs in a common geographic area is- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) • Radius of MAN- 5 To 50 Kilometers • Very large networks of computers and span large geographical area world wide- Wide Area Network (WAN) • Radius of WAN- 100 Km To 1,00,000 Kilometers • ------------ extends a private network into a public network- Virtual Private Network (VPN) • Virtual Private Network is- Internet • Network of networks Connected through different types of communication channel to communicate is- Internet • Term Information superhighway refers to- digital communication systems and internet telecommunications network • Term Information superhighway or Infobahn coined by- Albert Gore, 1994 • Routers, Ethernet Switches,WiFi, Hubs, Repeaters, and Bridges are used for LAN • Historical communication protocol for local area network is- ARCNET, Token Ring, Apple talk 5/23/2023 ICT 8
- 9. • The two most common transmission technologies in use for local area networks- Ethernet and Wi-Fi • WAN uses - Satellite and weaver • Routers, Communication Servers, and Modem are used for - WAN (NET 2019) • Internet first introduced in India in- Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi, on 15 August, 1995 • First optical fiber system for local junction commissioned at - Pune, 1979 • The concept of Gyan Choupal, Last mile connectivity, Bio village was given by- MS Swaminathan • Village Information kiosk first initiated by- M.S. Swaminathan • Super computer used in the field of Agro meteorology- CRAY XMP-14 • First super computer in India- PARAM developed by C-DAC, Pune. • Brain of computer is- Central Processing Unit (CPU) • The communication device that allows us to communicate with other computers through telephone lines is- MODEM (Modulator Demodulator) 5/23/2023 ICT 9
- 10. Facts About Telecommunications in India • India’s telecommunication network is the Second largest in the world • Broad band internet subscribers as of December 2020 is- 747.41 million • Telephone (both fixed and mobile phone) subscribers as on 31 Jan 2021 is- 1179.49 million • Four ‘i’s in ICT- Informatics, Interactivity, Information, Identity • Active Internet users in the world (2021) - 4.66 billion (53.6%) (NET 2018). Of this total, 92.6 percent (4.32 billion) accessed the internet via mobile devices • Internet penetration in India- 53.66% (747 million) • Tele-density or Mobile phone density in India was- 90% (Urban Tele-density is 161% and rural tele-density is 57%) • Number of smart phone users in India was- 345.92 Million (Second in world) • Television reaches approximately- 475 million people per day in India. • Print Media reaches- 282 million individuals per day • Radio reaches- 110 million individuals per day • Monthly mobile data consumption in India was- 8.3 gigabits (GB) • Right to Information act passed in- 2005 (NET 2014) • Percentage of farmers have no access to modern technologies- 25-30 (NET 2014) 5/23/2023 ICT 10
- 11. The address of a given unique resource on the Web/ Web address- Uniform Resource Locator Mechanism used by browsers to retrieve any published resource on the web- URL/Uniform Resource Identifier • Domains: 5/23/2023 ICT 11 Domain Purpose .Com Commercial and Monetary purposes (ARS NET 2017) .Org Organizations/schools (non-commercial) .Net Companies involved in networking technology and for online business. .Gov Government entities .BIZ Businesses .MOBI Mobile devices .IN is for India .INFO Information
- 12. Data Processing • Data: Data are characteristics or information usually numerical and collected through observation (or) facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis. Note: Data is the lowest level of abstraction • Raw data: Unprocessed computer data. • Raw data or primary data are collected directly related to their object of study. • Information: Processed data is known as Information or Output • Six stages of data processing are: Collection-Preparation-Input-Processing- Output -Storage (CPIPOS). Other ICT concepts • Worldwide platform for exchanging ideas, information by Common minded people- Usenet News groups. • Software required to read newsgroups- Usenet Newsgroup • Network of machines around the world that exchange newsgroup articles is called- Usenet • Method for presenting text, images, animation, sound, video that are linked together in a non sequential web of associations- Hypertext • A document containing words that connect to other documents is- Hypertext • Organization of hypertext documents containing text, images, animation, sound, video and interactive programmes is- World Wide Web • System of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet -WWW (World Wide Web) 5/23/2023 ICT 12
- 13. The way to distribute online content and to receive updates automatically in web feed format is- Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Boolean operators include- AND, OR, NOT (OR -used to search synonym terms; AND- Narrows your search) Variations in Boolean operator are called- Proximity operators Proximity operators include- ADJACENT, NEAR BY, FOLLOWED Website where entries are written and displaced in reverse chronological order is- Blog The word Blog was invented by combining two words- Web + Log Personal or corporate website in the form of an online journal, with new entries appearing in sequence as they are written is- Blog Collaborative website which can be directly edited by anyone with access to it- Wiki (ARS NET 2015) Wiki comes from the- Hawaii word (ARS NET 2017) A computer program that enables a person to communicate with a computer through the use of symbols, visual metaphors and pointing devices- Graphical User Interface (GUI) 5/23/2023 ICT 13
- 14. • Starting or anchoring site through which users get connected to a website/entry point to other websites by providing access to search engine- Portal or gate way • Website that provides information and resources in the field of agriculture is known as- Agriculture Portal • Catalogue of records of related information on a particular area organized systematically and made available to the users on Internet- Portal • The fundamental/ basic communication protocol that runs the whole internet is- Transfer Control Protocol (TCP)/IP (Internet protocol) • Heart of the internet- Transfer Control Protocol (TCP)/IP (Internet protocol) • The standard internet protocol for transferring files from one computer to another- File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • A software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web is- Web browser E.g. Google chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Comodo dragon and Edge are web browsers. (SRF 2018) • The first web server, and the first web browser is called- World Wide Web • A company which provides accessibility to the internet- Internet Service Provider • The first page of website is called- Home page 5/23/2023 ICT 14
- 15. • Database system created that maintains and shares a transparent immutable record of the history of the transactions- Block chain technology (Satoshi Nakomota) • A bitmap image format that was developed by a team at the online services provider CompuServe is- Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) • Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for agricultural professionals will be offered through the National Virtual Academy for Indian Agriculture through an open source software- Open edX • National digital repository to store, index, preserve, distribute and share the digital learning resources developed by the Open and Distance Learning institutions is- e-Gyan Kosh • Term used to describe the machines or computers that mimic ‘Cognitive’ functions that humans associate with human mind (i.e., learning and problem solving)- Artificial Intelligence • The network of physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet- Internet of things • The term Internet of Things coined by- Kevin Ashton in 1999. • The term associated with disparity between “haves and have-nots” in the technological innovation is- Digital divide (NET 2019)/ the divide between those with access to new technologies and those without is- Digital Divide 5/23/2023 ICT 15
- 16. • *The term digital divide coined by- Lloyd Morrisett • Incorporation of media elements such as text, graphics, animations, audio and video comes under- Multimedia (NDRI 2016) • The combination of communication channels your business can use to meet its marketing objectives/ strategy to disperse content across multiple representations- Media mix ICT- Extension Process a) Hub & Spoke Model: aim at developing and maintaining the expert database (Knowledge base) at a centralized hub and the information/services are delivered to the farmers through establishment of Village level user points. E.g. MSSRF- Information Village Project (First to introduce Information kiosks), KISSAN- Kerala, Tata Kisan Sansar, ICRSAT-VASAT b) Kiosk Model: maintaining a website/making use of available online resources through establishment of Information kiosks. E.g. Information Village Project Warna Wired Village Project Gyandoot Project EID-Parry information Kiosks c) Knowledge Management Process: The acquisition, organizing, storage, dissemination and retrieval of right information to the right person in the right format at the right time is called- Knowledge Management. Types of Knowledge I. Tacit Knowledge: (Know-how knowledge) Knowledge embedded in the human mind through experience and jobs. 5/23/2023 ICT 16
- 17. II. Explicit Knowledge: (Knowing-What knowledge) Knowledge codified and digitized in books, reports, documents, memos etc. III. Declarative Knowledge/Content Knowledge: has much in common with explicit knowledge. IV. Procedural Knowledge: Is that is knowledge about how to do something V. Episodic Knowledge: Narrative 5/23/2023 ICT 17 Tacit to Tacit Tacit to Explicit Videoconferencing E-learning Socialization Synchronous collaboration Annotations Answering text Externalization Explicit to Tacit Explicit to Explicit Browse Audio/Video presentations Visualization Internalization Text Search Document Categorization Combination • Delivery of a learning, training or education programme by electronic means is called- e-Learning or electronic learning Interactive learning in which the learning content is available online and provides automatic feedback to the students learning inquiry- E-Learning E-Learning is an online version of- Computer Based Training (CBT) and Computer Aided Instruction (CAI)
- 18. 5/23/2023 ICT 18 Synchronous Learning Asynchronous Learning Instructor and learner have to be engaged at the same time in the teaching-learning activity. Instructor and learner need not have to be engaged at the same time in the teaching- learning activity. Enables people to interact at the same time i.e., real- time communication. Does not enable people to interact at the same time. Availability of immediate feedback. Non-availability of immediate feedback. E.g. Online chatting, Video-conference E.g. e-mail • Types of E-Learning: (ARS 2015) Virtual education is- Online and e-learning (ARS 2015) Distance Education e-Learning Distance education programmes may use Internet or ICT, but not essentially. E-Learning programmes essentially involve ICT or Internet. Distance education is not necessarily e-learning. e- Learning is distance education in a broad sense. Lacks the key elements of interaction and active learning. e-learning is interaction and active learning Basic elements of e-Readiness are: (SRF 2020) • Infrastructure • Accessibility • Affordability • Skill and Policy • Extension Service Delivery mechanism to be e-Ready should have e-Ready extension educationist, e-Ready extension service provider and e-Ready farmer.
- 19. Other Important Information • Voice or speech guided system is more effective than a simple text (ARS 2015) • Most widely used data application in the world- SMS • Key government initiative to promote use of ICT in agriculture- NeGP-A (National e- Governance Plan in Agriculture) National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGPA)- 2014 Aim: to achieve rapid development in India through use of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) & for timely access to agriculture related information to the farmers. An initiative of NABARD For digitization of SHGs, Micro credit and innovations is- e-Shakti in 2015. Which Indian institute developed smart phone based system to detect adulteration of milk- IIT Hyderabad (SRF 2018) Global Positioning System (GPS) is used in- Precision farming (NET 2018) Knowledge management initiatives of IARI are: SMS based agro advisory, Pusa Agricom, Cyber extension center. ICT based personalized agro advisory system in which agriculture scientists deliver the advice in the form of text and digital photographs- e-Sagu (2004) The first state government that have lunched Rural Portals under pilot project on ground water availability in the selected locations- Rajasthan 5/23/2023 ICT 19
- 20. • The media used for sharing and discussions of user generated information, opinion, video, audio, thoughts, ideas over digital networks by creating online communities known as- Social media (Twitter, Whatsapp, Face book) • That state which started first e-extension centre by integrating all ICT tools for the benefit of the farmer is- Tamil Nadu • Agriculture knowledge repository of universal meta model with localized content for a variety of users with appropriate interfaces is called- Agropedia • An innovative content management system is called- AgriLORE • Farmers own social network market place and information hub- Agrowbook • Social networking platform from farmer to farmer is- Agrowbook • The Wikipedia used for agriculture with the same privileges is called- Agropedia • Knowledge management initiatives of NAIP are- CeRA, Agropedia, E-Granth, Krishi Prabha, Krishi Kosh • The online website available for the farmers to share agro information through audio messages called- Farm radio • Climate Change Knowledge Network in Indian Agriculture (CCKN-IA) implemented by- GIZ Project (Germany) CCKN-IA has developed an open source platform called- NICE 5/23/2023 ICT
- 21. • *Most commonly/frequently used ICT tool is- e-mail (ICAR NET 2018) • The word ‘Cyber’ means relating to- Information technology, Internet and the virtual reality • The imaginary space or virtual space behind the interconnected telecommunications and computer networks- Cyber space • Computer programme designed to stimulate the problem solving behaviour of an expert in a narrow domain or discipline- Expert system (NET 2018) • An intelligent computer programme that uses knowledge and inference procedures to solve problems- Expert System (ES) • Components of expert system are- Crop doctor, Decision support system and Information system • Expert system means- Knowledge sharing (NET 2014) • The main component in ES is- Crop doctor • Purely image based diagnosis system in ES- Crop doctor • The main principle/rule in ES are- “If and then” • Father of Expert system- Edward Heinemann • **CLIPS are a public domain software tool for building expert systems. • **CLIPS are probably the most widely used expert system tool. • Acronym for CLIPS is- C Language Integrated Production System (ARS NET 2017) 5/23/2023 ICT 21
- 22. 5/23/2023 ICT 22 Expert System Crop *EXOWHEM Wheat *AGREX Rice LEY ES Real time weather data acquisition POMME Apple COMAX Cotton Institute Expert System IRRI, Philippines Rice Crop manager IASRI, New Delhi EXOWHEM (Wheat) IASRI Agri Daksh University of California CALEX IASRI Maize CIRA, Kerala AGREX (Rice) MANAGE Rice Crop Doctor NRRI, Cuttack Rice Expert World bank-NAIP Development of Decision Support Systems for Insect Pest Management (CROP PEST DSS).
- 23. Tele conferencing 5/23/2023 ICT 23 • First to work on the concept of telephone conferencing was- Bell Labs in 1956. • Teleconferencing is a method of using technology to facilitate real-time, two-way communication between two or more individuals or among groups of people together despite geographic barriers. Three types of Teleconferencing: • Audio-Conferencing: Verbal Communication through a telephone with additional capacity for tele-writing to tele-copying. • Computer-Conferencing: Computer based meeting involving exchange of voice and pictures between two individuals or groups. • Video-Conferencing: Exchange of video information and pictures between individuals or groups. • It is a remote meeting between two or more individuals present in geographically dispersed locations- Video Conference • where videoconferencing equipment and systems are set up to serve more than two locations - Multipoint Videoconference (NET 2019) • E.g. When Dean of Agriculture of ANGRAU want to communicate with all Associate Deans of Agricultural colleges residing in their colleges, uses Multipoint Videoconference.
- 24. • ---------Enable two or more logged users for a real-time, online conversation across the World Wide Web- Web conference • The most basic feature of a web conference is- Screen sharing. • Satellite Krishi Gosthee programme initiated by- Anand Agriculture University (AAU), Gujarath • Sardar Smriti Kendras (SSKs) a SATCOM initiative of- Anand Agriculture University, Gujarat. • An application that allows us to log on to a remote computer is-Telnet • Telnet offers an easy entry into the world of- Gopher or WWW • The term “remote sensing” was coined by- Ms Evelyn Pruitt in the mid-1950’s • To enable farmers and other stakeholders to obtain agro advisories and information being sent by experts and government officials at different levels through mKisan portal without registering on the portal- mKisan App (C-DAC Pune) 2013. • *e-Learning portal of ICAR on agriculture education is- e-Krishi Sisksha • System of Agri Information Resource Auto-Transmission and Technology Hub Interface of ICAR is- Kisan Sarathi (to provide farm tele advisories to farmers across India through Interactive Information Dissemination System (IIDS) of DIC . 5/23/2023 ICT 24
- 25. • ICAR wing responsible for the promotion of ICT driven technology and information dissemination to all the stakeholders in agriculture in quick, most cost effective and efficient way- DKMA • Official publication wing of ICAR is- DKMA (ARS 2015 mains, SRF 2018) • An e-Governance project of Government of India- DACNET • VASAT (Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics) as a technology mediated extension and knowledge sharing programme initiated by- ICRISAT in 2003 • Drishtee.com initially started in -Sirsa district of Haryana (FAQ) • Drishtee operates in- Haryana, Rajasthan • Drishtee franchise model, interface and services were adopted, but with the brand name of “Gramdoot’’ • Drishtee and Aksh were- Value chain service providers • The architect behind n-logue telecommunications was- Ashok Jhunjhunwala (IIT Chennai) • Tarahaat initially started in- Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. • Tarahaat operates in- U.P., Punjab • Tarahaat nirman kendras initiated by- Development Alternatives (NGO) • Tarahaat Kendra's include Comprehensive portal for rural information services and an extended vision of its ‘TARA kendras’ as community centers • TARAhaat educational content partner is called TARA gyan (developing local language content and software service provider for tara kendras) • Akshaya e-Kendra’s launched in- 2002 in Malappuram district of Kerala 5/23/2023 ICT 25
- 26. Important ICT projects in Agriculture 5/23/2023 ICT 26
- 27. 5/23/2023 ICT 27 Initiator/Sponsor ICT PROJECT IFFCO Initiatives IFFCO (Indian Farm Fertilizers Cooperation) Green Sim (In association with Airtel) Cyber dhaba (Farmers Information Kiosk) IFFCO Kisan bazaar, IFFCO e-Bazaar Kisan Seva Sarkari Samithi, Krishak Seva Kendra Kisan Choupal iMandi (2018)- One stop shop for all farmers and rural communities. It offers a suite of digital products. ICAR Initiatives NAIP (Funding under NAIP) Agropedia (2009) Rice Knowledge Management Portal (2009). In association with DRR, Hyderabad. KVK-Net (2010) (NAIP + IIT Kanpur) NABIG (National Agriculture Bio-Informatics Grid) KVK-Knowledge Network (2016) e-Krishi Sisksha (e-Learning portal on agriculture education) ICAR-IASRI, New Delhi Krishi Megh (Cloud infrastructure and services) Kisan Sarathi (Agri Information Resource Auto transmission Technology Hub Interface of ICAR) KVK Mobile app/KVK Portal (to get details about the ICAR technologies NAARM, Hyderabad Agriculture gateway of India ICAR Data recovery center (South India) National Agricultural Bioinformatics Grid (NABIG) of ICAR institutions e-Granth e-Publishing Krishi Prabha CeRA Krishi Kosh Agricat
- 28. 5/23/2023 ICT 28 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi Weather based Agro advisory services PUSAAgricom Cyber extension services Post office linked Extension Model of IARI SENSAGRI- SENsor based SMART Agriculture NRRI, Cuttack RiceXpert (Field diagnosis app) ICAR-KRISHI ICAR- Research data repository for knowledge management IIRR, Hyderabad RKMP, Rice Vocs (A Compendium of rice related vocabulary) MANAGE Initiatives Cyber Extension Project Rice Crop Doctor Expert System Crop Situation Based Extension (1992-93) Village Information Kiosks (2000-2003) AgRIS (Agriculture Rural Industries Information System Network) Information villages in Ranga Reddy district of A.P. ICRISAT Initiatives VASAT (Virtual Academy of Semi Arid Tropics), 2003 Rural Knowledge Centers (ICRISAT, NAS and Big Data in Agriculture Plantix App (Pest-Disease Diagnosis app) customized for six Mandated crops (ARS 2017) Gatherix App
- 29. 5/23/2023 ICT 29 Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome AKIS - Agriculture Knowledge Information System, 1980. AGRIS- International System for Agricultural Science and Technology, 1974. VERCON- (Virtual Extension and Research communication Network)-2000 (Egypt) (NET 2019) IIT Initiatives IIT Bombay aAQUA (all most All Questions Answered)- 2003 IIT Kanpur Agropedia (2009) (in association with NAIP) Virtual KVK (2010) Digital mandi (2011) IIIT, Hyderabad e-Sagu (2004) (In association with Media lab Asia) (Web based personalized agro advisory system) IIT Chennai n-logue telecommunications, 2006 IIT Roorkee Kisan Soochana Kendra’s, 2005 IIM Kolkatta and Media Lab Asia Agrosense, 2007 IIT Delhi Gram Vaani- 2008 IIM Ahmedabad DISK (Dairy Information and Services Kiosk) IIM Ahmedabad + SRISTI+NIF Honeybee network (1988) To document indigenous traditional knowledge (ITKs)
- 30. 5/23/2023 ICT 30 Department of Agriculture Cooperation (DAC), Ministry of Agriculture AGRISNET- Agricultural Resources Information System Network, 2002 DACNET- Department of Agriculture and Cooperation Network (Initiated by DAC & NIC), 2001. CRISP- Computerized Rural Information System Project, 1986 GRC- Gender Resource Center (Ministry of Agriculture & NIC), 2004 SEEDNET- 2008 KCC- Kisan Call Center, 2004 AGMARKNET- Agricultural Marketing Information System Network. Initiated by (DAC and Directorate of Marketing Inspection (DMI), 2000. KISAN-Crop Insurance Using Space Technology and Geo-Informatics (2015) CHAMAN-Coordinated Horticulture Assessment using Management using Geo-Informatics (2015) e- NAM- Electronic National Agriculture Market (One Nation-One Market), 2016 NIC (National Informatics Center), Ministry of electronics and IT VISTARNET- Agricultural Extension Information System Network DACNET- 2001 GRC-Gender Resource Center, 2004. ( In Association with Ministry of Agriculture) CRISP- Computerized Rural Information System Project, 1986. ASHA- Empowering Farmers using ICTs in Agribusiness (ASSAM) Dharitree •VISTARNET- Agricultural Extension Information System Network, 2002. (ARS NET 2017)
- 31. 5/23/2023 ICT 31 Ministry of Agriculture and National Informatics Centre (NIC) initiatives •Agricultural Marketing Information System Network (AGMARKNET): A Network that connect agricultural product wholesale markets and rural markets. (NET 2019) •It was initiated in the year- 2000 •*Agricultural Resources Information System Network (AGRISNET): An infrastructure network up to block level agricultural officers facilitating agricultural extension services and agribusiness activities to usher in rural property. (ARS NET 2017). •It was initiated in the year- 2002 •Agricultural and Rural Industries Information System Network (ARINET): •A Network to strengthen Small and micro enterprises •Agricultural Research Information System Network (ARISNET): ARIS envisages strengthening agricultural research, education and extension services through networking and improved management of information. •ARISNET is an initiative of NIC and ICAR •Land Information System Network (LISNET): A Network linking all institutions involved in land and water management for agricultural productivity and production. •DACNET- Department of Agriculture and Cooperation Network (Initiated by DAC & NIC), 2001. •An e-Governance infrastructure developed to facilitate faster and reliable information dissemination and exchange across the department and its directorates and field units is- DACNET •Information portals developed to provide complete information on 9 crop directorates, extension services, Integrated Nutrient Management, Marketing, Mechanization and Technology, Economics and statistics is- DACNET •SEEDNET- Seed Network. 2008. •National initiative for providing information on quality of seeds using ICT. •INTRADAC- 2002: Portal facilitates information dissemination within the department.
- 32. 5/23/2023 ICT 32 •Warna Wired Village Project •Started in: 1988 •Started by: NIC, Government of Maharashtra and Warna Cooperative Society with share of financial capacity in the ratio 50:40:10. •Initiated by: Baba Kore and Vinay Kore. •Operation area: 70 Villages of Kolhapur and Sangli districts of Maharashtra. (ARS 2015) •Beneficiary farmers: Sugar cane farmers •Objective: to provide information to villagers by establishing networked booths in the villages. •Internet access to existing cooperative societies. •The first ICT initiative in India that used an internet enabled PC, to support farmers with information on crops, prices and government schemes in local language- Warna wired Village Project •aAQUA (all most All Questions Answered): •Started by: IIT Bombay and Media Lab Asia and Development Gateway Foundation •Started in: 2003 •The aAQUA online service first started in- Pune district, Maharashtra •Online discussion, archived, multilingual, multimedia agricultural portal for disseminating information from experts to the grassroots of the Indian agricultural community. •Interlingua web (questions asked in four languages in Hindi, English, Kannada and Marathi.) •A tool which enable meaning based searching of aAQUA queries and content is- Agro explorer
- 33. 5/23/2023 ICT 33 DISK (Dairy Information and Services Kiosk): •Started by: IIM Ahmedabad and Gujarat co-operative Milk Market Federation (NET 2018) •Honeybee Knowledge Network •Started by: IIM Ahmedabad+ SRISTI+ NIF •Started in: 1988-89 •Anil Gupta of IIM Ahmedabad played a key role in establishing it. (NET 2013) •Objective: Large number of grass root inventions (Indigenous technical knowledge or ITKs) have been identified and documented as short multimedia presentations. *KVK Network and Virtual KVK: •Started by: IIT Kanpur and ICAR (NAIP) •Started in: 2010 •Objective: It will provide a common platform to various experts at KVK for sharing information and experiences. •A platform that connects KVKs with farmers through Internet and Mobile technology is- VKVK (Virtual KVK) DeHAAT Launched by: IIM Calcutta Innovation Park Objective: DeHaat is a tech based platform to provide end to end agricultural services to Indian farmers - right from "Seed to Market". Digital Mandi: Implemented by: IIT Kanpur, Media Lab Asia and BSNL (NET 2019) Aim: Networking all the mandis located throughout the country, for effective information dissemination. Mode of Operation: Multi modal and Multi lingual Information query and retrieval. Area of operation: Punjab and Haryana
- 34. 5/23/2023 ICT 34 E-Sagu (IT based Personalized ago advisory system): •Started by: International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad and is funded by the MEDIA LAB ASIA. •Started in: 2004 •Operational area: Telangana (Warangal District) •Objective: to provide web based personalized agro expert advice in a timely manner to each farmer at his door step. Information Village Shops / Information Village Project: Started in: 1998 Started by: MSSRF (Chennai) and IDRC, Canada. (NET 2016) Operational Area: 10 villages (Villanaur village) of Pondicherry Objective: established on Hub-Spoke Model (Hub i.e. Value addition center of Information network and Spokes is Information Shops). Beneficiary farmers: Fish farmers First ICT Project to establish Information Kiosk in rural areas to provide ago advisory services is- Village Information Project of MSSRF. Computer on Wheels (COW): Initiated by: Global Catalyst Foundation Initiated in: Mahaboobnagar district of Andhra Pradesh in 2003 Objective: A COW is a mobile internet service that cuts across the three ‘I’s that stand in the way of rural development in India- namely infrastructure, investment and illiteracy.
- 35. 5/23/2023 ICT 35 Digital Green: •Initiated by: Microsoft Research India •Initiated in: 2006 in seven states (Bihar, A.P. &Telangana, Jharkhand, Odisha, Karnataka Maharashtra and Uttarakhand) and became an independent organization in 2008 •Operational area: India, Ghana and Ethiopia. •Since 2012 working with the Government of India’s National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) •Objective: To share videos of sustainable agricultural practices to increase farmer productivity and reach farmers in a timely, cost efficient and targeted manner. •Emphasized the development of digitized audio-visual content not only in the regional language but also in regional dialects. (SRF 2020) •Developed two online social games: Wonder village and Farmer book •Face book for farmers is- Farmer book •Focus on: Community led Participatory video approach Tata Kisan Sansar(TKS): A chain of one-stop resource centre’s Initiated by: Tata Chemicals Launched in; 2009 Objective: A chain of one-stop resource centers to provide end-to-end agri solutions including the latest agro services and specialized input products (NET 2019)
- 36. 5/23/2023 ICT 36 e-Choupal: Initiated by: ITC (Indian Tobacco Company) International Business Division (IBD) (SRF 2017, NET 2018) Started in: June, 2000 Initiated in: Hosangabhad district of Madhya Pradesh Choupal meaning- an open meeting place in a village Working on: Soya bean, Coffee, Pulses, Shrimp, Rice, Wheat, Prawn Operational areas: A.P, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, U.P, Rajasthan, M.P. Objective: To link Rural farmers directly for the procurement of Agricultural produce. The first innovative trading and e-Commerce initiative in agriculture is- e-Choupal A lead farmer is acted as the interface between computer terminal and the user farmers is- e-Choupal Sanchalak e- Choupal established with a dial up connection and VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) facility. e-Choupal is similar to that of traditional multimedia concept called- Media forum The first innovative trading and e-Commerce initiative in agriculture is- e-Choupal An example of Corporate Social Responsibility- e-choupal
- 37. 5/23/2023 ICT 37 Key Component ICT Project Village Knowledge centers/ Value addition centers/Village Information shops MSSRF, Chennai. Facilitation centers/Computer booths Warna Wired Village Project Soochanalyas Gyandoot project Farmers Contact Centers/Rythu Sampark Kendras Govt. of Karnataka Chiraag Kendras N-logue communications and IIT Chennai Rural Technology Business Incubator (RTBI) IIT Chennai Common Citizen service centre’s in Kerala FRIENDS Common Citizen service centre’s in Andhra Pradesh (West Godavari) e-Seva Common citizen service centers of Himachal Pradesh Lokmitra Kendra project Common citizen service centers of Uttar Pradesh Gramin Suvidha Kendra Farmers Information centres/Technical centre’s iKisan Gram Haat Drishtee Rural Supply chain Drishtee Tara Haat Development Alternatives Parry Corners, Rural Information Kiosk EID parry, Cuddalore Akshaya e-business Centres Malappuram, Kerala Sardar Smriti Kendras- Satellite Krishi Gosthi AAU, Gujarat Soochna Kutirs Nainital VSAT, SATCOM and Earth Observation (EO) VRC (ISRO) SACOM SEWA, Gujarat VSAT e-Choupal Jan Mitra Kiosks/E-mitra Rajasthan Mobile Tele centers Change initiative, West Bengal Knowledge Share centers (KSC) Ikisan and CRIDA Rural Cooperatives AMUL
- 38. 5/23/2023 ICT 38 Warna wired Village Project Maharashtra Village Knowledge Center (VKC) MSSRF, Pondicherry Akshaya Project Kerala Govt. I-Kisan Nagarjuna Group Soochanalayas, Gyandoot Madhya Pradesh Interactive Touch screen Information kiosk Rajiv Gandhi College of Animal Sciences (Pondicherry), Department of International Development (Canada) and University of Reading (UK). Eid parry Cuddalore, T.N Village Information Kiosk MANAGE Cyber Dhabas IFFCO Janmitra kiosk and Rajnidhi Information Kiosks Rajasthan Govt. Information Kiosk based ICT-Initiatives
- 39. 5/23/2023 ICT 39 Kerala Government Kudambashree- 1999 FRIENDS (Fast Reliable Instant Efficient Network for Disbursement of Services)- 2000 KISSAN (Karshaka Information System Services and Networking)- 2003 Bhu-Rekha /Land Record Information System, 2006 Entegramam- 2008 AGREX Rice Expert system PEARL- Package for Effective Administration of Registration Law e-Krishi/Akshaya Agribusiness centers-2005 Andhra Pradesh e-Seva TWIN SAPNET-Society for Andhra Pradesh Network CARDS- Computer Aided Administration for Registration Department, 1996 FAST- Fully Automated system for Transport Microsoft research Digital Green in 7 states in 2006 and independent in 2010 Karnataka Govt. Bhoomi Project (2004) Farmers Contact Centers/Rythu Sampark Kendras Tamil Nadu RASI- Rural Access to Services through Internet, 2003 SARI- Sustainable Access in Rural India Central Agriculture University (CAU), Imphal e-ARIK (2005-07) Gujarat & Maharashtra Akashganga-1996 (Integrated solution for Automatic milk collection system)
- 40. 5/23/2023 ICT 40 Rajasthan Govt. Janmitra kiosk project Rajnidhi Information Kiosks e-Mitra Uttar Pradesh Harit Gyan Haryana Jan Mitra kiosk National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGP-A): •Key government initiative to promote use of ICT in agriculture •Started in: 2010-11(Last phase of 11th FYP) •Component under: National Mission on Agricultural Extension & Technology (NMAET) •Objective: Key government initiative to promote use of ICT in agriculture •Later NeGP-A has been recategorized into e-Kranti (electronic delivery of services) and e-Governance (reforming government through technology programmes) Digital India Programme •Started in: 20 Aug, 2014 •Objective: to ensure that govt. services are available to citizens electronically and people get latest information.
- 41. 5/23/2023 ICT 41 •Gyandoot Project: (Messenger of Informant) •Started in: 1 January 2000 •Started by: Govt. of Madhya Pradesh (SRF 2017, NET 2018) •Operational Area: Dhar District •Objective: To establish Community owned, technologically innovative and sustainable information kiosks in poverty stricken, tribal dominated rural area of M.P. •Soochanalayas: Information Kiosks Bhoomi project Started by: Karnataka Government (SRF 2017, SRF 2020, NET 2016) Started in: 2000 Objective: Successful ICT project based on land records “Bhoomi” the Land Record Computerization program also called “Online Raithu Samparka Kendra”. FRIENDS- Fast Reliable Instant Efficient Network for Disbursement of Services Started by: Kerala Government Started in: 2000 Common Citizen service centre’s in Kerala is-FRIENDS SARI- Sustainable Access in Rural India Started by: Tamil Nadu Started in: 2003 Jan Mitra Kiosk/ E-mitra Started in: 2005 Started by: Rajasthan govt.
- 42. 5/23/2023 ICT 42 ICT Project Year Initiator Area of Operation Ekgaon 2002 Govt. of Kerala and Multi Commodity Exchange of India Kerala KISSAN 2003 IIIT-M Kerala, DAC Kerala Kisan Call Centre (KCC) (Toll free no. 18001801551) 2004 DAC, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI. India Dynamic Market Information (DMI) 2005 TNAU, InDG and C-DAC Hyderabad. South India Fisher Friend 2007 Qualcomm, Tata Teleservices and MSSRF Pondicherry Lifelines India (Soochna Se Samadhan- Solutions through Information) 2006 Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals (ISAP) and TARAhaat North and Central India Nano Ganesh (Remote monitoring, Automatic Switch on and Off of Irrigation pumps by using Mobile phones.) 2008 Ossian Agro automation, Pune and Tata Teleservices (SRF 2018) India Query Redress Services (QRS) -- ISAP (Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals) Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh Nokia Life tools 2008 Nokia India Reuters Market Light (RML 2007 Reuters Maharashtra *mKrishi (NET 2018) (Grape Farmers) 2009 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Maharashtra and Punjab Mobile based ICT initiatives
- 43. 5/23/2023 ICT 43 Conferences and Summits on ICTs: •World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) first meeting took place in- 2003, Geneva •World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) Second meeting took place in- 2005, Tunis (ARS NET 2017) •The main aim of WSIS is- Bridging the digital divide •The agencies responsible for convening the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) are- ITU along with UNESCO, UNCTAD and UNDP •The treaty to address International Telecommunications rules, regulations and international tariffs is- World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT). •World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT) held in-2012, Dubai •WSS+10 stocktaking Process culminated meeting on- New York. 15-16 December, 2015 •World’s largest annual gathering of the ‘ICT for development’ community is- WSIS Forum •World Radio-communication conference held at- Egypt in 2019. •Feb 13- World Radio Day •May 17- World Information Society Day •May 17- International Telecommunication Day •August 1- World Wide Web Day •October 29- World Internet Day •Nov 21- World Television Day Important days in ICT:
- 44. 5/23/2023 ICT 44 Social Media Platform Year Founder Function Headquarters Parent organization Google (Global Organization of Oriented Group Language of Earth) 1998 Larry Page and Sergey bean. Search Engine, cloud computing. World’s largest search engine. California *Alphabet Inc. CEO: Sundar pichai Microsoft (Cloud Infrastructure) 1975 Bill Gates & Paul Allen It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, personal computers, and electronics. Redmond, Washington Microsoft corporation Facebook 2004 Mark Zuckerberg Online social media and social networking service California Facebook, Inc. Twitter 2006 Jack Dorsey Micro blogging and Social networking service. San Francisco Twitter Square Inc. Whats app 2009 Jan Koum and Brian Acton Messenger App California Facebook Youtube 2005 Jawed Karim, Steve Chen, Chad Hurley Online Video sharing platform San Bruno, California Google Instagram 2010 Kevin Systrom, Mike Krieger Photo and Video sharing social networking service. California Facebook Social networking Platforms
- 45. 5/23/2023 ICT 45 Agricultural Extension in South Asia (AESA) •Established in: 2013 •Headquarter: CRISP, Hyderabad •Chairman: Rasheed Suleiman •Portal or Network for Extension and Advisory Services (EAS). •AESA is part of the Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services (GFRAS) •Digital Green: •Head quarter: San Francisco, USA •Founded in: 2008 •Operational area: India, Ghana and Ethiopia • International non-profit organization which trains farmers to produce and disseminate videos made on innovative agricultural practices, which have the potential to increase crop yield. Developed two online social games: Wonder village and Farmer book Gross root Innovation Augmentation network was set up at- Ahmedabad
- 46. 5/23/2023 ICT 46 Name of the App/ Portal Developer Purpose KVK Mobile App ICAR- IASRI, New Delhi To Get details of information about KVK and facilities provided by KVK. ICAR technologies ICAR Consists of proven technologies generated by ICAR institutions. An easy way to locate appropriate technologies based on major resource, commodity and technology group. Pusa Krishi (2016) ICAR-IARI To help the farmers to find easy solutions to problems in their farm fields and get information about weather. Kisan Sarathi ICAR and IIDS of Digital India Corporation System of Agri Information Resource Auto- Transmission and Technology Hub Interface of ICAR To provide tele Agro advisory services to farmers *KISAAN (Krishi Integrated Solution for Agri Apps Navigation). ICAR- Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture (DKMA) App that integrates more than 100 agriculture related apps of ICAR institutes. Mobile ICT Initiatives in Agriculture:
- 47. 5/23/2023 ICT 47 e-Gopala Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying & Fisheries For comprehensive breed improvement market place and information portal for direct use of livestock farmers Kisan Sabha CSIR-CRRI To connect farmers to Supply chain UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-Age Governance) Digital India, Min. of ICT To facilitate a single point of access to all government services. Uber for Tractor Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare To hire Farm equipments on rental basis To efficiently connect farmers with Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs) just like Uber connects passengers to cabs. Kisan Rath Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare To facilitate the farmers and traders across the country for transportation of agri-produce by connecting them with the transporters. CHC Farm Machinery App Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare Multi lingual Mobile App that will allow farmers to avail custom hiring services of CHCs located at a radius of 50 KM. National Mobile Monitoring Software App (NMMS) Ministry of Rural Development For taking real time attendance of workers at MNREGA worksites and area officer. Krishi Kisan App Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare Geo Tagging of Agricultural assets To provide farmers the information of best demonstration of high yielding crops and seeds in their nearby area. (24 Sep 2019) *“Plantix” PEAT GmBH in collaboration with ICRISAT, CIMMYT & CABI. Image based Plant diagnostic app Farmer Connect portal APEDA For bridging the gap between FPO/FPC/Cooperatives with exporters. FPO/FPC can sell directly their Agri products to Exporters Jaivik Kheti Portal Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare For marketing of Organic produce
- 48. Major Flagship programmes Launched by Central Government in Agriculture and allied Sectors 1.Production Linked Incentive Scheme for Food Processing Industry (PLISFPI): May 2021 • Implementation Period: 2021-22 to 2026-27 • Launched by: Min. of Food Processing Industry • Funding: 10, 900 cr • Objective: To support creation of global food manufacturing champions commensurate with India’s natural resource endowment and support Indian brands of food products in the international markets. 2. Kisan Rail Scheme: 1 Feb, 2020 • Launched by: Indian Railways through PPP. • Objective: To build a Seamless National Cold Supply Chain for perishables (Milk, Meat, Fish, Fruits) through refrigerated coaches in Express and Freight trains. • To help small farmers to supply perishable goods across the country. 3. Krishi Udaan: 1 Feb, 2020 • Launched by: Ministry of civil Aviation • Objective: To facilitate the marketing of agricultural and farm products of the northeastern states outside the region. 5/23/2023 ICT 48
- 49. 5. Gram Swaraj portal- 24 April, 2020. • Objective: to bring transparency in governance of Panchayat raj system. Schemes Launched Under Atma Nirbhar Bharat Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PM-GKAY) • Launched as part of Atma Nirbhar Bharat • Objective: to supply free food grains to migrants and poor. • During the period of April- November 2020, more than 80 crore people will be provided 5 kg free wheat/rice per person/ month along with 1kg free Bengal gram (Chana) to each family per month. Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan- 20th June, 2020 • Launched first in: Khagaria District of Bihar • Launched under: Atma Nirbhar Abhiyaan and PM’s Vocal for Local • Objective: to provide immediate employment opportunities to return migrant workers. Formalization of Micro Food Enterprises (MFEs)- 10,000 cr • Launched under: PM’s vision of Vocal for Local with Global outreach. • Objective: To help 2Lakh MFEs to attain FSSAI food standards, build brands and Marketing Operation Green- From TOP to TOTAL • Operation Green extended to All Fruits and Vegetables • 50% subsidy on transportation (from surplus to deficit areas) • 50% subsidy on storage including cold storages Agri Infrastructure Fund: • Launched by PM on: 9 August, 2020 • Objective: To provide debt financing facility for post-harvest management infrastructure and community farming assets. • Corpus Fund of 1Lakh crore will be provided to FPOs, SHGs, PACS, Start ups, Agri-entrepreneurs • Interest subvention of- 3% per annum up to Rs. 2crore • Implementation period: 2020-2029. • Repayment period: 7 years • To reduce food wastage by setting up of Post-harvest infrastructure is- <10% 5/23/2023 ICT 49
- 50. One-Nation One- Ration Card scheme: • Launched on: 1st June, 2020 • Launched by: Central Government • Managed by: FCI • Objective: to allow migratory ration card holders to collect their entitled ration under PDS from any Fair Price Shop (FPS) in the country by using the existing ration card issued in their home states. Revised Definition of Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) • *PM-SVANIDHI • Launched on: 1 June, 2020 • Launched by: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs • Acronym: PM Street Vendor’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi (under Vocal for Local) • Objective: Special Micro credit facility for street vendors to access affordable working capital loan of Rs.10, 000 to street vendors. • Target: to cover 50 lakh street vendors 5/23/2023 ICT 50
- 51. 5/23/2023 ICT 51 One-Nation One- Ration Card scheme: Launched on: 1st June, 2020 Launched by: Central Government Managed by: FCI Objective: to allow migratory ration card holders to collect their entitled ration under PDS from any Fair Price Shop (FPS) in the country by using the existing ration card issued in their home states. Revised Definition of Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) •PM-SVANIDHI •Launched on: 1 June, 2020 •Launched by: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs •Acronym: PM Street Vendor’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi (under Vocal for Local) •Objective: Special Micro credit facility for street vendors to access affordable working capital loan of Rs.10, 000 to street vendors. •Target: to cover 50 lakh street vendors
- 52. 5/23/2023 ICT 52 Agriculture Programmes launched during 2018-19 to 2019-20 1. *Pradhan Mantri Kisan Man Dhan Yojana – Monthly pension scheme for Small & marginal farmers. •Launched: 12th Sep, 2019, Ranchi, Jharkhand •Aim: To provide Security to the lives of 5 Crore Small and Marginal Farmers by providing a minimum pension of Rs 3000 per month, to those who attain 60 years of age. 2. .PM-JIVAN: Prime Minister- Jaiv Indan Vatavaran Anukool Fasal Awasesh Nivaran- Feb 28, 2019 Objective: To provide financial support to Integrated Bio ethanol project using biomass & crop residues. 1969 cr for a period of 2018-19 to 2023-24 3. Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA)- Sep, 2018 To provide MSP assurance to the farmers Sub components of PM-AASHA: a) Price Support Scheme: Procurement of Oilseeds, pulses & Copra to be done by central nodal agencies along with state govts. Central govt. to bear procurement expenditure and losses due to procurement upto 25% of production. b) Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS): will cover all oilseeds. Farmers will get direct payment of the difference between the MSP and the Selling price. c) Pilot of Private Procurement & Stockist Scheme: Participation of private sector in procurement operations to be piloted.
- 53. 5/23/2023 ICT 53 ***5. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): 24 Feb, 2019 Direct income support of Rs.6, 000 per annum to all Land Holding Farm Families. (Imp) Farmer will get Rs.6000 in three installments (4 months once, effective from 01.12.2018) The Scheme was formally launched at national level by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on the 24th February, 2019 at Gorakhpur, UP. 6. Har Medh Par Pedh: Dec, 2018 Establishing New Forward linkages for Agro forestry produce Promotion of tree based oil seeds for production of biofuel. 7. **Kisan Urja Suruksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM): Feb, 2019 Formulated by ministry of New and Renewable Energy ** Installation of Grid connected Solar power plants each of capacity Upto 2MW in rural areas ***Installation of Solar water pumps (for 20 Lakh farmers) 8. Van Dhan Scheme: 14 April, 2018 Launched by: Ministry of Tribal Affairs and TRIFED Objective: To improve tribal incomes through value addition and MSP of tribal products.
- 54. 5/23/2023 ICT 54 Yuva Sahakar Scheme: November, 2018 Launched by: NCDC Objective: To give wings to Young entrepreneurs in Cooperatives GOBAR – DHAN: Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources, February, 2018 Main focus on converting cattle dung, solid waste into compost, biogas and bio-CNG. Agriculture Programmes launched during 2014-15 to 2017-18 Pradhan Mantra Kisan SAMPADA Yojana- May, 2017 SAMPADA - Scheme for Agro Marine Processing and Development of Agro processing Clusters Objective: Holistic development of the food processing sector Promotion of Value addition through food processing Integrated cold chain and value addition infrastructure Total number of Mega food parks- 42 Infrastructure facilities creation through Mega food parks Budget: Allocation of 6,000 cr for a period of 2016-20 Dairy Processing & Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF): Sep, 2017 Budget: Allocation of Rs. 10,881 crore during the period from 2017-18 to 2028-29. Objective: To create infrastructure facilities in dairy sector Implementing Agency: National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and National Cooperative Development Cooperation (NCDC) Sponsoring Agency: NABARD
- 55. 5/23/2023 ICT 55 •**E-Pasuhaat Portal: 2016 •For connecting breeders and farmers of indigenous breeds of cow •To connect Farmers and breeders to trade disease free germplasm. ***Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana; Jan 13, 2016 (Imp) - Under this scheme farmers will have to pay *2% premium fixed by insurance firms for Kharif crops *1.5%- for Rabi crops *5% for Commercial & Horticultural crops It is formed by Merging National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (1999-2000); Weather based Crop Insurance Scheme (1985) *e- National Agricultural Market: April 14, 2016 “One Nation-One Market” Electronic trading portal designed to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities. To assure transparent price discovery for remunerative crops for the farmers for their produce through competitive online bidding system. *Total number of Mandi’s registered under e-NAM (One Nation-One Market) is- 1000 in 18 states and 2UTs (1000 more mandis to be integrated by 2021-22 Leading promoter of e-NAM is- Small Farmer Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) 1.68 Crore farmers are registered and Rs 1.14 lakh crore of trade value has been carried out through e-NAMs.
- 56. 5/23/2023 ICT 56 Parampraghat Krishi Vikas Yojana: 2015- Cluster Approach •Launched to support and promote organic farming and thereby improving soil health. •To bring 5 lakh acres under OF by 10,000 organic clusters. Soil Health Card Scheme; Feb 19, 2015 (Theme: Swasth Dhara Keth Hara) To issue soil health cards to farmers which will carry crop wise recommendations of nutrients. Development of Model Villages Project (2019-20)- Under this project Soil sample collection has been taken up at Individual farm instead of Grid. **Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana- 1st July, 2015 To attract investments in irrigation system at field level, develop and expand cultivable land in the country Theme- Per drop more crop Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF): With a corpus of Rs.5000 crore has been operationalized in NABARD from 2019-20. MIF has set up to achieve goal of ‘Per drop more crop’. Swachh Bharat Mission: October 2, 2014 To make India Open Defecation Free (ODF) by 2019. Cess on Swachh bharat services: 0.5%
- 57. 5/23/2023 ICT 57 National Livestock Mission: 2014-15 •Intensive development of livestock, especially small livestock (sheep/goat/poultry) along with adequate availability of quality feed and fodder. •National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil palm (NMOOP): 2014-15 •For increasing production of oilseeds and Oil palm •Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH): 2014-15 •High growth rate, spur the production & productivity of horticultural crops. •***RKVY (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana) – 2007 •To increase annual agricultural growth rate by- 4% •To incentivize states to increase allocation for agriculture and allied sector •To make forming remunerative economic activity by strengthening farmers effort, risk mitigation and promoting agribusiness entrepreneurship •Share of stake holders: 60:40 grants between centre and state government while 90:10 for North Eastern and Himalayan States. RKVY-RAFTAAR: RKVY Renamed as Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana- Remunerative Approaches for Agriculture and Allied sector Rejuvenation (RKVY-RAFTAAR) in 2017 Aim: Strengthening infrastructure in Agriculture and Allied sectors, to promote Agripreneurship and Agribusiness by facilitating financial aid and nurturing a system of business incubation. Fund: 15,900 Cr in 2017-18 to 2019-2020 Important components: Innovation and Agri-entrepreneurship development. *5 Knowledge partners: IARI, MANAGE, NIAM, UAS Dharwad and AAU (Jorhat).
- 58. 5/23/2023 ICT 58 START UP INDIA – Jan 16, 2016 •To promote entrepreneurial skills that will lead to job creation •Startup India provides relaxation in certain rules and regulations for startup companies (SRF 2016. 2020) Stand Up India: (April, 2016): to support entrepreneurship and focus on potential entrepreneurs among women, SC & ST communities. •AGRI-CLINIC AND AGRI-BUSINESS CENTRES: 2002 •Self-employment venture •Two months Training provided by MANAGE through identified nodal training institutions. •Launched by: Govt. of India •ACABC run and Formulated by: MANAGE •Funding by: NABARD •Subsidy rate : 36% for general, 44% for SC, ST, Women and persons from North East •Minimum number of members required: 05 •Maximum ceiling cost for Individual- 20 lakhs, for a group of five is One crore •Toll free number- 1556 (Timing: 9AM to 5.30 PM) •First ACABC established at- Vapi, Bulsar (Dist), Gujarat by Sunil Kumar
- 59. 5/23/2023 ICT 59 MUDRA Yojana: (Micro units Development and Refinancing Agency)- 2015, April •For providing loans up to Rs.10 lakh to the non-corporate, non-farm small/micro enterprises **OPERATION GREEN- Feb, 2018. (To augment Food processing from TOP to TOTAL) •To promote FPOs, Agrilogistics and processing in 22 Perishable Products of fruits and vegetables National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) -2010 NMAET otherwise called as Modified reforms of ATMA MGNREGA NREGA Act passed in Parliament on- Sep.2005 NREGA Act is an Indian labor law and social security measure that aims to guarantee the ‘right to wok’. NREGA was launched on Feb 2006 in 200 districts of the country. Aim: To provide livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
- 60. 5/23/2023 ICT 60 •NREGA covered the entire country by- 1April, 2008 •NREGA renamed as MGNREGA on- Oct 2009. •Employment to be provided within- 5 Km of an applicant’s residence. •Job card to be issued within- 14 days of applying for employment. •MGRNEGA Implemented by- Gram Panchayats (are responsible for identification of projects) •National Average wage in MNREGA scheme is- Rs.202 per person per day. •Highest wage rate provided in- Kerala State (Rs.240 per person). •Under MGNREGA if employment is provided beyond 5km of applicant’s residence than he is entitled for- 10 per cent extra wage in case of employment provided beyond 5 km of radius. •Promotion of horticulture activities under MGNREGA scheme through convergence mode between Department of agriculture and Department of horticulture is implemented from- 5th January, 2021. Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): Govt. of India launched how many number of FPOs for mobilization of small farmers is-10,000 FPOs are formed on the Model: Sustainable business model and Augmented Income Most appropriate institutions to mobilize small and marginal farmers and build their capacity to collectively leverage their production and marketing is- FPO Nodal Agency for growth and Promotion of FPOs is- Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC) Single window for providing technical and all round support to FPOs is - SFAC (Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium a society under DAC.